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Recent advances in large reasoning models have enabled complex, step-by-step reasoning but often introduce significant overthinking, resulting in verbose and redundant outputs that hinder efficiency.
Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, Denny Zhou, and 1 others. 2022 · 2022
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AMC 2023
AI-MO. 2024 · 2024
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Large language monkeys: Scaling inference compute with repeated sampling
Bradley Brown, Jordan Juravsky, Ryan Ehrlich, Ronald Clark, Quoc V Le, Christopher Ré, and Azalia Mirhoseini. 2024 · 2024
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Compressed chain of thought: Efficient reasoning through dense representations
Jeffrey Cheng and Benjamin Van Durme. 2024 · 2024
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Token-budget-aware llm reasoning
Tingxu Han, Zhenting Wang, Chunrong Fang, Shiyu Zhao, Shiqing Ma, and Zhenyu Chen. 2024 · 2024
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Mathvista: Evaluating mathematical reasoning of foundation models in visual contexts
Pan Lu, Hritik Bansal, Tony Xia, Jiacheng Liu, Chunyuan Li, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Hao Cheng, Kai-Wei Chang, Michel Galley, and Jianfeng Gao. 2024 · 2024
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Aime problems and solutions
MAA Committees · 2024
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OpenAI. 2024 · 2024
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Introducing OpenAI o1
OpenAI. 2024 · 2024
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Group robust preference optimization in reward-free rlhf
Shyam Sundhar Ramesh, Yifan Hu, Iason Chaimalas, Viraj Mehta, Pier Giuseppe Sessa, Haitham Bou Ammar, and Ilija Bogunovic. 2024 · 2024
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Gpqa: A graduate-level google-proof q&a benchmark
David Rein, Betty Li Hou, Asa Cooper Stickland, Jackson Petty, Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Julien Dirani, Julian Michael, and Samuel R Bowman. 2024 · 2024
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Scaling llm test-time compute optimally can be more effective than scaling model parameters
Charlie Snell, Jaehoon Lee, Kelvin Xu, and Aviral Kumar. 2024 · 2024
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Fast best-of-n decoding via speculative rejection
Hanshi Sun, Momin Haider, Ruiqi Zhang, Huitao Yang, Jiahao Qiu, Ming Yin, Mengdi Wang, Peter Bartlett, and Andrea Zanette. 2024 · 2024
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QVQ: To See the World with Wisdom
Qwen Team. 2024 · 2024
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Thinking in Space: How Multimodal Large Language Models See, Remember and Recall Spaces
Jihan Yang, Shusheng Yang, Anjali Gupta, Rilyn Han, Li Fei-Fei, and Saining Xie. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Distilling system 2 into system 1
Ping Yu, Jing Xu, Jason Weston, and Ilia Kulikov. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
R1-zero’s" aha moment" in visual reasoning on a 2b non-sft model
Hengguang Zhou, Xirui Li, Ruochen Wang, Minhao Cheng, Tianyi Zhou, and Cho-Jui Hsieh. 2025 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Phi-4-reasoning technical report
Marah Abdin, Sahaj Agarwal, Ahmed Awadallah, Vidhisha Balachandran, Harkirat Behl, Lingjiao Chen, Gustavo de Rosa, Suriya Gunasekar, Mojan Javaheripi, Neel Joshi, and 1 others. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Understanding r1-zero-like training: A critical perspective
Zichen Liu, Changyu Chen, Wenjun Li, Penghui Qi, Tianyu Pang, Chao Du, Wee Sun Lee, and Min Lin. 2025 · 2025
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O1-pruner: Length-harmonizing fine-tuning for o1-like reasoning pruning
Haotian Luo, Li Shen, Haiying He, Yibo Wang, Shiwei Liu, Wei Li, Naiqiang Tan, Xiaochun Cao, and Dacheng Tao. 2025 · 2025
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Niklas Muennighoff, Zitong Yang, Weijia Shi, Xiang Lisa Li, Li Fei-Fei, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Percy Liang, Emmanuel Candès, and Tatsunori Hashimoto. 2025 · 2025
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Self-training elicits concise reasoning in large language models
Tergel Munkhbat, Namgyu Ho, Seo Hyun Kim, Yongjin Yang, Yujin Kim, and Se-Young Yun. 2025 · 2025
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Pranjal Aggarwal and Sean Welleck. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
The danger of overthinking: Examining the reasoning-action dilemma in agentic tasks
Alejandro Cuadron, Dacheng Li, Wenjie Ma, Xingyao Wang, Yichuan Wang, Siyuan Zhuang, Shu Liu, Luis Gaspar Schroeder, Tian Xia, Huanzhi Mao, and 1 others. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Video-r1: Reinforcing video reasoning in mllms
Kaituo Feng, Kaixiong Gong, Bohao Li, Zonghao Guo, Yibing Wang, Tianshuo Peng, Benyou Wang, and Xiangyu Yue. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Gemini 2.5 Pro, Generative AI on Vertex AI
Google. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning
Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Ruoyu Zhang, Runxin Xu, Qihao Zhu, Shirong Ma, Peiyi Wang, Xiao Bi, and 1 others. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Can mllms reason in multimodality? emma: An enhanced multimodal reasoning benchmark
Yunzhuo Hao, Jiawei Gu, Huichen Will Wang, Linjie Li, Zhengyuan Yang, Lijuan Wang, and Yu Cheng. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Vision-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in multimodal large language models
Wenxuan Huang, Bohan Jia, Zijie Zhai, Shaosheng Cao, Zheyu Ye, Fei Zhao, Zhe Xu, Yao Hu, and Shaohui Lin. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Reward-guided speculative decoding for efficient llm reasoning
Baohao Liao, Yuhui Xu, Hanze Dong, Junnan Li, Christof Monz, Silvio Savarese, Doyen Sahoo, and Caiming Xiong. 2025 · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
QwQ-32B: Embracing the Power of Reinforcement Learning
Qwen. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Stop overthinking: A survey on efficient reasoning for large language models
Yang Sui, Yu-Neng Chuang, Guanchu Wang, Jiamu Zhang, Tianyi Zhang, Jiayi Yuan, Hongyi Liu, Andrew Wen, Hanjie Chen, Xia Hu, and 1 others. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Kimi Team, Angang Du, Bohong Yin, Bowei Xing, Bowen Qu, Bowen Wang, Cheng Chen, Chenlin Zhang, Chenzhuang Du, Chu Wei, and 1 others. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Qwen3: Think Deeper, Act Faster
Qwen Team. 2025 · 2025
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When more is less: Understanding chain-of-thought length in llms
Yuyang Wu, Yifei Wang, Tianqi Du, Stefanie Jegelka, and Yisen Wang. 2025 · 2025
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Mimo: Unlocking the reasoning potential of language model–from pretraining to posttraining
Bingquan Xia, Bowen Shen, Dawei Zhu, Di Zhang, Gang Wang, Hailin Zhang, Huaqiu Liu, Jiebao Xiao, Jinhao Dong, Liang Zhao, and 1 others. 2025 · 2025
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Chain of draft: Thinking faster by writing less
Silei Xu, Wenhao Xie, Lingxiao Zhao, and Pengcheng He. 2025 · 2025
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Does reinforcement learning really incentivize reasoning capacity in llms beyond the base model?
Yang Yue, Zhiqi Chen, Rui Lu, Andrew Zhao, Zhaokai Wang, Shiji Song, and Gao Huang. 2025 · 2025
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Mmvu: Measuring expert-level multi-discipline video understanding
Yilun Zhao, Lujing Xie, Haowei Zhang, Guo Gan, Yitao Long, Zhiyuan Hu, Tongyan Hu, Weiyuan Chen, Chuhan Li, Junyang Song, and 1 others. 2025 · 2025
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