Fetching the paper…
Reading the bibliography…
Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that exploit weaknesses in traditional safety alignment, which often relies on rigid refusal heuristics or representation engineering to block harmful outputs.
Hellaswag: Can a machine really finish your sentence?
Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi. 2019 · 1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
Universal adversarial triggers for attacking and analyzing nlp
Eric Wallace, Shi Feng, Nikhil Kandpal, Matt Gardner, and Sameer Singh. 2019 · 1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
Measuring massive multitask language understanding
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2021 · 2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
Autoprompt: Eliciting knowledge from language models with automatically generated prompts
Taylor Shin, Yasaman Razeghi, Robert L Logan IV, Eric Wallace, and Sameer Singh. 2020 · 2010
Earlier work this paper cites.
The evolutionary roots of human decision making
Laurie R Santos and Alexandra G Rosati. 2015 · 2015
Earlier work this paper cites.
Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences
Paul F Christiano, Jan Leike, Tom Brown, Miljan Martic, Shane Legg, and Dario Amodei. 2017 · 2017
Earlier work this paper cites.
Dynamic decision making: Learning processes and new research directions
Cleotilde Gonzalez, Pegah Fakhari, and Jerome Busemeyer. 2017 · 2017
Earlier work this paper cites.
Training verifiers to solve math word problems
Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, et al. 2021 · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Lora: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Edward J. Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen. 2021 · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Truthfulqa: Measuring how models mimic human falsehoods
Stephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, and Owain Evans. 2021 · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Winogrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale
Keisuke Sakaguchi, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, and Yejin Choi. 2021 · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Toxigen: A large-scale machine-generated dataset for adversarial and implicit hate speech detection
Thomas Hartvigsen, Saadia Gabriel, Hamid Palangi, Maarten Sap, Dipankar Ray, and Ece Kamar. 2022 · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al. 2022 · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Red teaming language models with language models
Ethan Perez, Saffron Huang, Francis Song, Trevor Cai, Roman Ring, John Aslanides, Amelia Glaese, Nat McAleese, and Geoffrey Irving. 2022 · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Detecting language model attacks with perplexity
Gabriel Alon and Michael Kamfonas. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Jailbreaking black box large language models in twenty queries
Patrick Chao, Alexander Robey, Edgar Dobriban, Hamed Hassani, George J Pappas, and Eric Wong. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Alpacafarm: A simulation framework for methods that learn from human feedback
Yann Dubois, Chen Xuechen Li, Rohan Taori, Tianyi Zhang, Ishaan Gulrajani, Jimmy Ba, Carlos Guestrin, Percy S Liang, and Tatsunori B Hashimoto. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
A framework for few-shot language model evaluation
Leo Gao, Jonathan Tow, Baber Abbasi, Stella Biderman, Sid Black, Anthony DiPofi, Charles Foster, Laurence Golding, Jeffrey Hsu, Alain Le Noac’h, Haonan Li, Kyle McDonell, Niklas Muennighoff, Chris Ociepa, Jason Phang, Laria Reynolds, Hailey Schoelkopf, Aviya Skowron, Lintang Sutawika, Eric Tang, Anish Thite, Ben Wang, Kevin Wang, and Andy Zou. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Camels in a changing climate: Enhancing lm adaptation with tulu 2
Hamish Ivison, Yizhong Wang, Valentina Pyatkin, Nathan Lambert, Matthew Peters, Pradeep Dasigi, Joel Jang, David Wadden, Noah A Smith, Iz Beltagy, et al. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Autodan: Generating stealthy jailbreak prompts on aligned large language models
Xiaogeng Liu, Nan Xu, Muhao Chen, and Chaowei Xiao. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Tree of attacks: Jailbreaking black-box llms automatically
Anay Mehrotra, Manolis Zampetakis, Paul Kassianik, Blaine Nelson, Hyrum Anderson, Yaron Singer, and Amin Karbasi. 2023 · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model
Rafael Rafailov, Archit Sharma, Eric Mitchell, Christopher D Manning, Stefano Ermon, and Chelsea Finn. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Xstest: A test suite for identifying exaggerated safety behaviours in large language models
Paul Röttger, Hannah Rose Kirk, Bertie Vidgen, Giuseppe Attanasio, Federico Bianchi, and Dirk Hovy. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Scalable and transferable black-box jailbreaks for language models via persona modulation
Rusheb Shah, Quentin Feuillade-Montixi, Soroush Pour, Arush Tagade, Stephen Casper, and Javier Rando. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Bypassing the safety training of open-source llms with priming attacks
Jason Vega, Isha Chaudhary, Changming Xu, and Gagandeep Singh. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Jailbroken: How does llm safety training fail?
Safety alignment should be made more than just a few tokens deep
Xiangyu Qi, Ashwinee Panda, Kaifeng Lyu, Xiao Ma, Subhrajit Roy, Ahmad Beirami, Prateek Mittal, and Peter Henderson. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Derail yourself: Multi-turn llm jailbreak attack through self-discovered clues
Qibing Ren, Hao Li, Dongrui Liu, Zhanxu Xie, Xiaoya Lu, Yu Qiao, Lei Sha, Junchi Yan, Lizhuang Ma, and Jing Shao. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Smoothllm: Defending large language models against jailbreaking attacks
Alexander Robey, Eric Wong, Hamed Hassani, and George J. Pappas. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Great, now write an article about that: The crescendo multi-turn llm jailbreak attack
Mark Russinovich, Ahmed Salem, and Ronen Eldan. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.
alphaXiv is searching for related work…
Alexander Wei, Nika Haghtalab, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Universal and transferable adversarial attacks on aligned language models
Andy Zou, Zifan Wang, Nicholas Carlini, Milad Nasr, J Zico Kolter, and Matt Fredrikson. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Jailbreaking leading safety-aligned llms with simple adaptive attacks
Maksym Andriushchenko, Francesco Croce, and Nicolas Flammarion. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Foundational challenges in assuring alignment and safety of large language models
Usman Anwar, Abulhair Saparov, Javier Rando, Daniel Paleka, Miles Turpin, Peter Hase, Ekdeep Singh Lubana, Erik Jenner, Stephen Casper, Oliver Sourbut, Benjamin L. Edelman, Zhaowei Zhang, Mario Günther, Anton Korinek, Jose Hernandez-Orallo, Lewis Hammond, Eric Bigelow, Alexander Pan, Lauro Langosco, Tomasz Korbak, Heidi Zhang, Ruiqi Zhong, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Gabriel Recchia, Giulio Corsi, Alan Chan, Markus Anderljung, Lilian Edwards, Aleksandar Petrov, Christian Schroeder de Witt, Sumeet Ramesh Motwan, Yoshua Bengio, Danqi Chen, Philip H. S. Torr, Samuel Albanie, Tegan Maharaj, Jakob Foerster, Florian Tramer, He He, Atoosa Kasirzadeh, Yejin Choi, and David Krueger. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
The art of saying no: Contextual noncompliance in language models
Faeze Brahman, Sachin Kumar, Vidhisha Balachandran, Pradeep Dasigi, Valentina Pyatkin, Abhilasha Ravichander, Sarah Wiegreffe, Nouha Dziri, Khyathi Chandu, Jack Hessel, et al. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Jailbreaking black box large language models in twenty queries
Patrick Chao, Alexander Robey, Edgar Dobriban, Hamed Hassani, George J. Pappas, and Eric Wong. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Or-bench: An over-refusal benchmark for large language models
Justin Cui, Wei-Lin Chiang, Ion Stoica, and Cho-Jui Hsieh. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Attacking large language models with projected gradient descent
Simon Geisler, Tom Wollschläger, MHI Abdalla, Johannes Gasteiger, and Stephan Günnemann. 2024 · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Chawin Sitawarin, Norman Mu, David Wagner, and Alexandre Araujo. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Steering without side effects: Improving post-deployment control of language models
Asa Cooper Stickland, Alexander Lyzhov, Jacob Pfau, Salsabila Mahdi, and Samuel R. Bowman. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
A trivial jailbreak against llama 3
Leonard Tang. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Jailbreak and guard aligned language models with only few in-context demonstrations
Zeming Wei, Yifei Wang, Ang Li, Yichuan Mo, and Yisen Wang. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Sorry-bench: Systematically evaluating large language model safety refusal behaviors
Tinghao Xie, Xiangyu Qi, Yi Zeng, Yangsibo Huang, Udari Madhushani Sehwag, Kaixuan Huang, Luxi He, Boyi Wei, Dacheng Li, Ying Sheng, et al. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Yi Zeng, Hongpeng Lin, Jingwen Zhang, Diyi Yang, Ruoxi Jia, and Weiyan Shi. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Improved few-shot jailbreaking can circumvent aligned language models and their defenses
Xiaosen Zheng, Tianyu Pang, Chao Du, Qian Liu, Jing Jiang, and Min Lin. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Improving alignment and robustness with circuit breakers
Andy Zou, Long Phan, Justin Wang, Derek Duenas, Maxwell Lin, Maksym Andriushchenko, J Zico Kolter, Matt Fredrikson, and Dan Hendrycks. 2024 · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Steering dialogue dynamics for robustness against multi-turn jailbreaking attacks
Hanjiang Hu, Alexander Robey, and Changliu Liu. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Safechain: Safety of language models with long chain-of-thought reasoning capabilities
Fengqing Jiang, Zhangchen Xu, Yuetai Li, Luyao Niu, Zhen Xiang, Bo Li, Bill Yuchen Lin, and Radha Poovendran. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Programming refusal with conditional activation steering
Bruce W. Lee, Inkit Padhi, Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy, Erik Miehling, Pierre Dognin, Manish Nagireddy, and Amit Dhurandhar. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Safetyanalyst: Interpretable, transparent, and steerable safety moderation for ai behavior
Jing-Jing Li, Valentina Pyatkin, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Liwei Jiang, Nouha Dziri, Anne G. E. Collins, Jana Schaich Borg, Maarten Sap, Yejin Choi, and Sydney Levine. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Guardreasoner: Towards reasoning-based llm safeguards
Yue Liu, Hongcheng Gao, Shengfang Zhai, Jun Xia, Tianyi Wu, Zhiwei Xue, Yulin Chen, Kenji Kawaguchi, Jiaheng Zhang, and Bryan Hooi. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Saro: Enhancing llm safety through reasoning-based alignment
Yutao Mou, Yuxiao Luo, Shikun Zhang, and Wei Ye. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Leveraging reasoning with guidelines to elicit and utilize knowledge for enhancing safety alignment
Haoyu Wang, Zeyu Qin, Li Shen, Xueqian Wang, Minhao Cheng, and Dacheng Tao. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.
Stair: Improving safety alignment with introspective reasoning
Yichi Zhang, Siyuan Zhang, Yao Huang, Zeyu Xia, Zhengwei Fang, Xiao Yang, Ranjie Duan, Dong Yan, Yinpeng Dong, and Jun Zhu. 2025 · 2025
Closest in time.