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We present OLMo 2, the next generation of our fully open language models.
J. Ba, J. R. Kiros, and G. E. Hinton · 2016
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SQuAD: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text
P. Rajpurkar, J. Zhang, K. Lopyrev, and P. Liang · 2016
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TriviaQA: A large scale distantly supervised challenge dataset for reading comprehension
M. Joshi, E. Choi, D. Weld, and L. Zettlemoyer · 2017
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Proximal policy optimization algorithms
J. Schulman, F. Wolski, P. Dhariwal, A. Radford, and O. Klimov · 2017
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Attention is all you need
A. Vaswani, N. Shazeer, N. Parmar, J. Uszkoreit, L. Jones, A. N. Gomez, L. u. Kaiser, and I. Polosukhin · 2017
Earlier work this paper cites.
Think you have solved question answering? Try ARC, the AI2 reasoning challenge
P. Clark, I. Cowhey, O. Etzioni, T. Khot, A. Sabharwal, C. Schoenick, and O. Tafjord · 2018
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An empirical model of large-batch training
S. McCandlish, J. Kaplan, D. Amodei, and O. D. Team · 2018
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BoolQ: Exploring the surprising difficulty of natural yes/no questions
C. Clark, K. Lee, M.-W. Chang, T. Kwiatkowski, M. Collins, and K. Toutanova · 2019
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DROP: A reading comprehension benchmark requiring discrete reasoning over paragraphs
D. Dua, Y. Wang, P. Dasigi, G. Stanovsky, S. Singh, and M. Gardner · 2019
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Eli5: Long form question answering
A. Fan, Y. Jernite, E. Perez, D. Grangier, J. Weston, and M. Auli · 2019
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CodeSearchNet challenge: Evaluating the state of semantic code search
H. Husain, H.-H. Wu, T. Gazit, M. Allamanis, and M. Brockschmidt · 2019
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Natural questions: A benchmark for question answering research
T. Kwiatkowski, J. Palomaki, O. Redfield, M. Collins, A. Parikh, C. Alberti, D. Epstein, I. Polosukhin, J. Devlin, K. Lee, K. Toutanova, L. Jones, M. Kelcey, M.-W. Chang, A. M. Dai, J. Uszkoreit, Q. Le, and S. Petrov · 2019
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CoQA: A conversational question answering challenge
S. Reddy, D. Chen, and C. D. Manning · 2019
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HellaSwag: Can a machine really finish your sentence?
R. Zellers, A. Holtzman, Y. Bisk, A. Farhadi, and Y. Choi · 2019
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Root mean square layer normalization
B. Zhang and R. Sennrich · 2019
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Improving deep transformer with depth-scaled initialization and merged attention
B. Zhang, I. Titov, and R. Sennrich · 2019
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Don’t stop pretraining: Adapt language models to domains and tasks
S. Gururangan, A. Marasović, S. Swayamdipta, K. Lo, I. Beltagy, D. Downey, and N. A. Smith · 2020
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Scaling laws for neural language models
J. Kaplan, S. McCandlish, T. Henighan, T. B. Brown, B. Chess, R. Child, S. Gray, A. Radford, J. Wu, and D. Amodei · 2020
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Guidance for calculating water use embedded in purchased electricity, 2020
P. Reig, T. Luo, E. Christensen, and J. Sinistore · 2020
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WinoGrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale
K. Sakaguchi, R. Le Bras, C. Bhagavatula, and Y. Choi · 2020
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Glu variants improve transformer
N. M. Shazeer · 2020
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Evaluating large language models trained on code
M. Chen, J. Tworek, H. Jun, Q. Yuan, H. P. de Oliveira Pinto, J. Kaplan, H. Edwards, Y. Burda, N. Joseph, G. Brockman, A. Ray, R. Puri, G. Krueger, M. Petrov, H. Khlaaf, G. Sastry, P. Mishkin, B. Chan, S. Gray, N. Ryder, M. Pavlov, A. Power, L. Kaiser, M. Bavarian, C. Winter, P. Tillet, F. P. Such, D. Cummings, M. Plappert, F. Chantzis, E. Barnes, A. Herbert-Voss, W. H. Guss, A. Nichol, A. Paino, N. Tezak, J. Tang, I. Babuschkin, S. Balaji, S. Jain, W. Saunders, C. Hesse, A. N. Carr, J. Leike, J. Achiam, V. Misra, E. Morikawa, A. Radford, M. Knight, M. Brundage, M. Murati, K. Mayer, P. Welinder, B. McGrew, D. Amodei, S. McCandlish, I. Sutskever, and W. Zaremba · 2021
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Training verifiers to solve math word problems, 2021
K. Cobbe, V. Kosaraju, M. Bavarian, M. Chen, H. Jun, L. Kaiser, M. Plappert, J. Tworek, J. Hilton, R. Nakano, C. Hesse, and J. Schulman · 2021
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The pile: An 800gb dataset of diverse text for language modeling
L. Gao, S. Biderman, S. Black, L. Golding, T. Hoppe, C. Foster, J. Phang, H. He, A. Thite, N. Nabeshima, S. Presser, and C. Leahy · 2021
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Truthfulqa: Measuring how models mimic human falsehoods
S. Lin, J. Hilton, and O. Evans · 2021
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Swin transformer v2: Scaling up capacity and resolution
Z. Liu, H. Hu, Y. Lin, Z. Yao, Z. Xie, Y. Wei, J. Ning, Y. Cao, Z. Zhang, L. Dong, F. Wei, and B. Guo · 2021
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Carbon emissions and large neural network training, 2021
D. Patterson, J. Gonzalez, Q. Le, C. Liang, L.-M. Munguia, D. Rothchild, D. So, M. Texier, and J. Dean · 2021
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Roformer: Enhanced transformer with rotary position embedding
J. Su, Y. Lu, S. Pan, B. Wen, and Y. Liu · 2021
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Finetuned language models are zero-shot learners
J. Wei, M. Bosma, V. Zhao, K. Guu, A. W. Yu, B. Lester, N. Du, A. M. Dai, and Q. V. Le · 2021
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GPT-NeoX-20B: An open-source autoregressive language model
S. Black, S. Biderman, E. Hallahan, Q. Anthony, L. Gao, L. Golding, H. He, C. Leahy, K. McDonell, J. Phang, M. Pieler, U. S. Prashanth, S. Purohit, L. Reynolds, J. Tow, B. Wang, and S. Weinbach · 2022
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Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways
A. Chowdhery, S. Narang, J. Devlin, M. Bosma, G. Mishra, A. Roberts, P. Barham, H. W. Chung, C. Sutton, S. Gehrmann, P. Schuh, K. Shi, S. Tsvyashchenko, J. Maynez, A. Rao, P. Barnes, Y. Tay, N. M. Shazeer, V. Prabhakaran, E. Reif, N. Du, B. Hutchinson, R. Pope, J. Bradbury, J. Austin, M. Isard, G. Gur-Ari, P. Yin, T. Duke, A. Levskaya, S. Ghemawat, S. Dev, H. Michalewski, X. García, V. Misra, K. Robinson, L. Fedus, D. Zhou, D. Ippolito, D. Luan, H. Lim, B. Zoph, A. Spiridonov, R. Sepassi, D. Dohan, S. Agrawal, M. Omernick, A. M. Dai, T. S. Pillai, M. Pellat, A. Lewkowycz, E. Moreira, R. Child, O. Polozov, K. Lee, Z. Zhou, X. Wang, B. Saeta, M. Díaz, O. Firat, M. Catasta, J. Wei, K. S. Meier-Hellstern, D. Eck, J. Dean, S. Petrov, and N. Fiedel · 2022
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Measuring the carbon intensity of ai in cloud instances, 2022
J. Dodge, T. Prewitt, R. T. D. Combes, E. Odmark, R. Schwartz, E. Strubell, A. S. Luccioni, N. A. Smith, N. DeCario, and W. Buchanan · 2022
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The stack: 3 tb of permissively licensed source code, 2022
D. Kocetkov, R. Li, L. B. Allal, J. Li, C. Mou, C. M. Ferrandis, Y. Jernite, M. Mitchell, S. Hughes, T. Wolf, D. Bahdanau, L. von Werra, and H. de Vries · 2022
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Estimating the carbon footprint of bloom, a 176b parameter language model, 2022
A. S. Luccioni, S. Viguier, and A.-L. Ligozat · 2022
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When not to trust language models: Investigating effectiveness and limitations of parametric and non-parametric memories
A. Mallen, A. Asai, V. Zhong, R. Das, H. Hajishirzi, and D. Khashabi · 2022
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Merging models with fisher-weighted averaging
M. Matena and C. Raffel · 2022
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Challenging big-bench tasks and whether chain-of-thought can solve them, 2022
M. Suzgun, N. Scales, N. Schärli, S. Gehrmann, Y. Tay, H. W. Chung, A. Chowdhery, Q. V. Le, E. H. Chi, D. Zhou, and J. Wei · 2022
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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
J. Wei, X. Wang, D. Schuurmans, M. Bosma, F. Xia, E. Chi, Q. V. Le, D. Zhou, et al · 2022
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M. Wortsman, G. Ilharco, S. Y. Gadre, R. Roelofs, R. Gontijo-Lopes, A. S. Morcos, H. Namkoong, A. Farhadi, Y. Carmon, S. Kornblith, and L. Schmidt · 2022
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GQA: Training generalized multi-query transformer models from multi-head checkpoints
J. Ainslie, J. Lee-Thorp, M. de Jong, Y. Zemlyanskiy, F. Lebron, and S. Sanghai · 2023
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Falcon-40B: an open large language model with state-of-the-art performance
E. Almazrouei, H. Alobeidli, A. Alshamsi, A. Cappelli, R. Cojocaru, M. Debbah, E. Goffinet, D. Heslow, J. Launay, Q. Malartic, B. Noune, B. Pannier, and G. Penedo · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llemma: An open language model for mathematics, 2023
Z. Azerbayev, H. Schoelkopf, K. Paster, M. D. Santos, S. McAleer, A. Q. Jiang, J. Deng, S. Biderman, and S. Welleck · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling
S. Biderman, H. Schoelkopf, Q. G. Anthony, H. Bradley, K. O’Brien, E. Hallahan, M. A. Khan, S. Purohit, U. S. Prashanth, E. Raff, et al · 2023
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Ultrafeedback: Boosting language models with high-quality feedback
G. Cui, L. Yuan, N. Ding, G. Yao, W. Zhu, Y. Ni, G. Xie, Z. Liu, and M. Sun · 2023
Maximize your data’s potential: Enhancing llm accuracy with two-phase pretraining
S. Feng, S. Prabhumoye, K. Kong, D. Su, M. Patwary, M. Shoeybi, and B. Catanzaro · 2024
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The zamba2 suite: Technical report
P. Glorioso, Q. Anthony, Y. Tokpanov, A. Golubeva, V. Shyam, J. Whittington, J. Pilault, and B. Millidge · 2024
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The llama 3 herd of models, 2024
A. Grattafiori, A. Dubey, A. Jauhri, A. Pandey, A. Kadian, A. Al-Dahle, A. Letman, A. Mathurx, A. Schelten, A. Vaughan, A. Yang, A. Fan, A. Goyal, A. Hartshorn, A. Yang, A. Mitra, A. Sravankumar, A. Korenev, A. Hinsvark, A. Rao, A. Zhang, A. Rodriguez, A. Gregerson, A. Spataru, B. Roziere, B. Biron, B. Tang, B. Chern, C. Caucheteux, C. Nayak, C. Bi, C. Marra, C. McConnell, C. Keller, C. Touret, C. Wu, C. Wong, C. C. Ferrer, C. Nikolaidis, D. Allonsius, D. Song, D. Pintz, D. Livshits, D. Wyatt, D. Esiobu, D. Choudhary, D. Mahajan, D. Garcia-Olano, D. Perino, D. Hupkes, E. Lakomkin, E. AlBadawy, E. Lobanova, E. Dinan, E. M. Smith, F. Radenovic, F. Guzmán, F. Zhang, G. Synnaeve, G. Lee, G. L. Anderson, G. Thattai, G. Nail, G. Mialon, G. Pang, G. Cucurell, H. Nguyen, H. Korevaar, H. Xu, H. Touvron, I. Zarov, I. A. Ibarra, I. Kloumann, I. Misra, I. Evtimov, J. Zhang, J. Copet, J. Lee, J. Geffert, J. Vranes, J. Park, J. Mahadeokar, J. Shah, J. van der Linde, J. Billock, J. Hong, J. Lee, J. Fu, J. Chi, J. Huang, J. Liu, J. Wang, J. Yu, J. Bitton, J. Spisak, J. Park, J. Rocca, J. Johnstun, J. Saxe, J. Jia, K. V. Alwala, K. Prasad, K. Upasani, K. Plawiak, K. Li, K. Heafield, K. Stone, K. El-Arini, K. Iyer, K. Malik, K. Chiu, K. Bhalla, K. Lakhotia, L. Rantala-Yeary, L. van der Maaten, L. Chen, L. Tan, L. Jenkins, L. Martin, L. Madaan, L. Malo, L. Blecher, L. Landzaat, L. de Oliveira, M. Muzzi, M. Pasupuleti, M. Singh, M. Paluri, M. Kardas, M. Tsimpoukelli, M. Oldham, M. Rita, M. Pavlova, M. Kambadur, M. Lewis, M. Si, M. K. Singh, M. Hassan, N. Goyal, N. Torabi, N. Bashlykov, N. Bogoychev, N. Chatterji, N. Zhang, O. Duchenne, O. Çelebi, P. Alrassy, P. Zhang, P. Li, P. Vasic, P. Weng, P. Bhargava, P. Dubal, P. Krishnan, P. S. Koura, P. Xu, Q. He, Q. Dong, R. Srinivasan, R. Ganapathy, R. Calderer, R. S. Cabral, R. Stojnic, R. Raileanu, R. Maheswari, R. Girdhar, R. Patel, R. Sauvestre, R. Polidoro, R. Sumbaly, R. Taylor, R. Silva, R. Hou, R. Wang, S. Hosseini, S. Chennabasappa, S. Singh, S. Bell, S. S. Kim, S. Edunov, S. Nie, S. Narang, S. Raparthy, S. Shen, S. Wan, S. Bhosale, S. Zhang, S. Vandenhende, S. Batra, S. Whitman, S. Sootla, S. Collot, S. Gururangan, S. Borodinsky, T. Herman, T. Fowler, T. Sheasha, T. Georgiou, T. Scialom, T. Speckbacher, T. Mihaylov, T. Xiao, U. Karn, V. Goswami, V. Gupta, V. Ramanathan, V. Kerkez, V. Gonguet, V. Do, V. Vogeti, V. Albiero, V. Petrovic, W. Chu, W. Xiong, W. Fu, W. Meers, X. Martinet, X. Wang, X. Wang, X. E. Tan, X. Xia, X. Xie, X. Jia, X. Wang, Y. Goldschlag, Y. Gaur, Y. Babaei, Y. Wen, Y. Song, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, Y. Mao, Z. D. Coudert, Z. Yan, Z. Chen, Z. Papakipos, A. Singh, A. Srivastava, A. Jain, A. Kelsey, A. Shajnfeld, A. Gangidi, A. Victoria, A. Goldstand, A. Menon, A. Sharma, A. Boesenberg, A. Baevski, A. Feinstein, A. Kallet, A. Sangani, A. Teo, A. Yunus, A. Lupu, A. Alvarado, A. Caples, A. Gu, A. Ho, A. Poulton, A. Ryan, A. Ramchandani, A. Dong, A. Franco, A. Goyal, A. Saraf, A. Chowdhury, A. Gabriel, A. Bharambe, A. Eisenman, A. Yazdan, B. James, B. Maurer, B. Leonhardi, B. Huang, B. Loyd, B. D. Paola, B. Paranjape, B. Liu, B. Wu, B. Ni, B. Hancock, B. Wasti, B. Spence, B. Stojkovic, B. Gamido, B. Montalvo, C. Parker, C. Burton, C. Mejia, C. Liu, C. Wang, C. Kim, C. Zhou, C. Hu, C.-H. Chu, C. Cai, C. Tindal, C. Feichtenhofer, C. Gao, D. Civin, D. Beaty, D. Kreymer, D. Li, D. Adkins, D. Xu, D. Testuggine, D. David, D. Parikh, D. Liskovich, D. Foss, D. Wang, D. Le, D. Holland, E. Dowling, E. Jamil, E. Montgomery, E. Presani, E. Hahn, E. Wood, E.-T. Le, E. Brinkman, E. Arcaute, E. Dunbar, E. Smothers, F. Sun, F. Kreuk, F. Tian, F. Kokkinos, F. Ozgenel, F. Caggioni, F. Kanayet, F. Seide, G. M. Florez, G. Schwarz, G. Badeer, G. Swee, G. Halpern, G. Herman, G. Sizov, Guangyi, Zhang, G. Lakshminarayanan, H. Inan, H. Shojanazeri, H. Zou, H. Wang, H. Zha, H. Habeeb, H. Rudolph, H. Suk, H. Aspegren, H. Goldman, H. Zhan, I. Damlaj, I. Molybog, I. Tufanov, I. Leontiadis, I.-E. Veliche, I. Gat, J. Weissman, J. Geboski, J. Kohli, J. Lam, J. Asher, J.-B. Gaya, J. Marcus, J. Tang, J. Chan, J. Zhen, J. Reizenstein, J. Teboul, J. Zhong, J. Jin, J. Yang, J. Cummings, J. Carvill, J. Shepard, J. McPhie, J. Torres, J. Ginsburg, J. Wang, K. Wu, K. H. U, K. Saxena, K. Khandelwal, K. Zand, K. Matosich, K. Veeraraghavan, K. Michelena, K. Li, K. Jagadeesh, K. Huang, K. Chawla, K. Huang, L. Chen, L. Garg, L. A, L. Silva, L. Bell, L. Zhang, L. Guo, L. Yu, L. Moshkovich, L. Wehrstedt, M. Khabsa, M. Avalani, M. Bhatt, M. Mankus, M. Hasson, M. Lennie, M. Reso, M. Groshev, M. Naumov, M. Lathi, M. Keneally, M. Liu, M. L. Seltzer, M. Valko, M. Restrepo, M. Patel, M. Vyatskov, M. Samvelyan, M. Clark, M. Macey, M. Wang, M. J. Hermoso, M. Metanat, M. Rastegari, M. Bansal, N. Santhanam, N. Parks, N. White, N. Bawa, N. Singhal, N. Egebo, N. Usunier, N. Mehta, N. P. Laptev, N. Dong, N. Cheng, O. Chernoguz, O. Hart, O. Salpekar, O. Kalinli, P. Kent, P. Parekh, P. Saab, P. Balaji, P. Rittner, P. Bontrager, P. Roux, P. Dollar, P. Zvyagina, P. Ratanchandani, P. Yuvraj, Q. Liang, R. Alao, R. Rodriguez, R. Ayub, R. Murthy, R. Nayani, R. Mitra, R. Parthasarathy, R. Li, R. Hogan, R. Battey, R. Wang, R. Howes, R. Rinott, S. Mehta, S. Siby, S. J. Bondu, S. Datta, S. Chugh, S. Hunt, S. Dhillon, S. Sidorov, S. Pan, S. Mahajan, S. Verma, S. Yamamoto, S. Ramaswamy, S. Lindsay, S. Lindsay, S. Feng, S. Lin, S. C. Zha, S. Patil, S. Shankar, S. Zhang, S. Zhang, S. Wang, S. Agarwal, S. Sajuyigbe, S. Chintala, S. Max, S. Chen, S. Kehoe, S. Satterfield, S. Govindaprasad, S. Gupta, S. Deng, S. Cho, S. Virk, S. Subramanian, S. Choudhury, S. Goldman, T. Remez, T. Glaser, T. Best, T. Koehler, T. Robinson, T. Li, T. Zhang, T. Matthews, T. Chou, T. Shaked, V. Vontimitta, V. Ajayi, V. Montanez, V. Mohan, V. S. Kumar, V. Mangla, V. Ionescu, V. Poenaru, V. T. Mihailescu, V. Ivanov, W. Li, W. Wang, W. Jiang, W. Bouaziz, W. Constable, X. Tang, X. Wu, X. Wang, X. Wu, X. Gao, Y. Kleinman, Y. Chen, Y. Hu, Y. Jia, Y. Qi, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Adi, Y. Nam, Yu, Wang, Y. Zhao, Y. Hao, Y. Qian, Y. Li, Y. He, Z. Rait, Z. DeVito, Z. Rosnbrick, Z. Wen, Z. Yang, Z. Zhao, and Z. Ma · 2024
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A framework for few-shot language model evaluation
L. Gao, J. Tow, B. Abbasi, S. Biderman, S. Black, A. DiPofi, C. Foster, L. Golding, J. Hsu, A. Le Noac’h, H. Li, K. McDonell, N. Muennighoff, C. Ociepa, J. Phang, L. Reynolds, H. Schoelkopf, A. Skowron, L. Sutawika, E. Tang, A. Thite, B. Wang, K. Wang, and A. Zou · 2023
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open_lm: a minimal but performative language modeling (lm) repository, 2023
S. Gururangan, M. Wortsman, S. Y. Gadre, A. Dave, M. Kilian, W. Shi, J. Mercat, G. Smyrnis, G. Ilharco, M. Jordan, R. Heckel, A. Dimakis, A. Farhadi, V. Shankar, and L. Schmidt · 2023
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Camels in a changing climate: Enhancing lm adaptation with tulu 2
H. Ivison, Y. Wang, V. Pyatkin, N. Lambert, M. Peters, P. Dasigi, J. Jang, D. Wadden, N. A. Smith, I. Beltagy, et al · 2023
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A. Q. Jiang, A. Sablayrolles, A. Mensch, C. Bamford, D. S. Chaplot, D. d. l. Casas, F. Bressand, G. Lengyel, G. Lample, L. Saulnier, et al · 2023
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The flan collection: Designing data and methods for effective instruction tuning
S. Longpre, L. Hou, T. Vu, A. Webson, H. W. Chung, Y. Tay, D. Zhou, Q. V. Le, B. Zoph, J. Wei, et al · 2023
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Introducing mpt-30b: Raising the bar for open-source foundation models, 2023
MosaicML NLP Team · 2023
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Openwebmath: An open dataset of high-quality mathematical web text, 2023
K. Paster, M. D. Santos, Z. Azerbayev, and J. Ba · 2023
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Olmo: Accelerating the science of language models
D. Groeneveld, I. Beltagy, P. Walsh, A. Bhagia, R. Kinney, O. Tafjord, A. Jha, H. Ivison, I. Magnusson, Y. Wang, S. Arora, D. Atkinson, R. Authur, K. R. Chandu, A. Cohan, J. Dumas, Y. Elazar, Y. Gu, J. Hessel, T. Khot, W. Merrill, J. D. Morrison, N. Muennighoff, A. Naik, C. Nam, M. E. Peters, V. Pyatkin, A. Ravichander, D. Schwenk, S. Shah, W. Smith, E. Strubell, N. Subramani, M. Wortsman, P. Dasigi, N. Lambert, K. Richardson, L. S. Zettlemoyer, J. Dodge, K. Lo, L. Soldaini, N. A. Smith, and H. Hajishirzi · 2024
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Olmes: A standard for language model evaluations
Y. Gu, O. Tafjord, B. Kuehl, D. Haddad, J. Dodge, and H. Hajishirzi · 2024
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Introducing Ai2’s beaker
M. Guerquin · 2024
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A. Hurst, A. Lerer, A. P. Goucher, A. Perelman, A. Ramesh, A. Clark, A. Ostrow, A. Welihinda, A. Hayes, A. Radford, et al · 2024
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Simple and scalable strategies to continually pre-train large language models, 2024
A. Ibrahim, B. Thérien, K. Gupta, M. L. Richter, Q. Anthony, T. Lesort, E. Belilovsky, and I. Rish · 2024
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Demystifying language model forgetting with low-rank example associations
X. Jin and X. Ren · 2024
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Cool! For the spike I’d try e.g. ‘-sl 7 -sg 7‘ to keep instability in check earlier in the training. (will skip update if loss/gradnorm > 7 sigma outlier is detected)
A. Karpathy · 2024
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Tulu 3: Pushing frontiers in open language model post-training
N. Lambert, J. D. Morrison, V. Pyatkin, S. Huang, H. Ivison, F. Brahman, L. J. V. Miranda, A. Liu, N. Dziri, S. Lyu, Y. Gu, S. Malik, V. Graf, J. D. Hwang, J. Yang, R. L. Bras, O. Tafjord, C. Wilhelm, L. Soldaini, N. A. Smith, Y. Wang, P. Dasigi, and H. Hajishirzi · 2024
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Fishing for magikarp: Automatically detecting under-trained tokens in large language models
S. Land and M. Bartolo · 2024
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Datacomp-lm: In search of the next generation of training sets for language models, 2024
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Un Ministral, des Ministraux: Introducing the world’s best edge models
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Nuextract-1.5
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CUDA semantics
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Meet falcon 2: TII releases new AI model series, outperforming meta’s new llama 3
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Falcon 3: Making advanced AI accessible and available to everyone, everywhere
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Mmlu-pro: A more robust and challenging multi-task language understanding benchmark
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Yi: Open foundation models by 01. ai
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AGIEval: A human-centric benchmark for evaluating foundation models
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Holistically evaluating the environmental impact of creating language models
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Gemma 3 technical report, 2025
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