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Unsupervised multitask pre-training has been the critical method behind the recent success of language models (LMs).
Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, et al. 2020 · 1901
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Tweetqa: A social media focused question answering dataset
Wenhan Xiong, Jiawei Wu, Hong Wang, Vivek Kulkarni, Mo Yu, Shiyu Chang, Xiaoxiao Guo, and William Yang Wang. 2019 · 1907
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Www’18 open challenge: financial opinion mining and question answering
Macedo Maia, Siegfried Handschuh, André Freitas, Brian Davis, Ross McDermott, Manel Zarrouk, and Alexandra Balahur. 2018 · 1942
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Multitask learning
Rich Caruana. 1997 · 1997
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Mctest: A challenge dataset for the open-domain machine comprehension of text
Matthew Richardson, Christopher JC Burges, and Erin Renshaw. 2013 · 2013
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Good debt or bad debt: Detecting semantic orientations in economic texts
Pekka Malo, Ankur Sinha, Pekka Korhonen, Jyrki Wallenius, and Pyry Takala. 2014 · 2014
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Domain adaption of named entity recognition to support credit risk assessment
Julio Cesar Salinas Alvarado, Karin Verspoor, and Timothy Baldwin. 2015 · 2015
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Compositional semantic parsing on semi-structured tables
Panupong Pasupat and Percy Liang. 2015 · 2015
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Towards ai-complete question answering: A set of prerequisite toy tasks
Jason Weston, Antoine Bordes, Sumit Chopra, Alexander M Rush, Bart Van Merriënboer, Armand Joulin, and Tomas Mikolov. 2015 · 2015
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Fasttext. zip: Compressing text classification models
Armand Joulin, Edouard Grave, Piotr Bojanowski, Matthijs Douze, Hérve Jégou, and Tomas Mikolov. 2016 · 2016
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Chemprot-3.0: a global chemical biology diseases mapping
Jens Kringelum, Sonny Kim Kjaerulff, Søren Brunak, Ole Lund, Tudor I Oprea, and Olivier Taboureau. 2016 · 2016
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Squad: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text
Pranav Rajpurkar, Jian Zhang, Konstantin Lopyrev, and Percy Liang. 2016 · 2016
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Pubmed 200k rct: a dataset for sequential sentence classification in medical abstracts
Franck Dernoncourt and Ji Young Lee. 2017 · 2017
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Triviaqa: A large scale distantly supervised challenge dataset for reading comprehension
Mandar Joshi, Eunsol Choi, Daniel S Weld, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2017 · 2017
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Are you smarter than a sixth grader? textbook question answering for multimodal machine comprehension
Aniruddha Kembhavi, Minjoon Seo, Dustin Schwenk, Jonghyun Choi, Ali Farhadi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2017 · 2017
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Race: Large-scale reading comprehension dataset from examinations
Guokun Lai, Qizhe Xie, Hanxiao Liu, Yiming Yang, and Eduard Hovy. 2017 · 2017
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Program induction by rationale generation: Learning to solve and explain algebraic word problems
Wang Ling, Dani Yogatama, Chris Dyer, and Phil Blunsom. 2017 · 2017
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Newsqa: A machine comprehension dataset
Adam Trischler, Tong Wang, Xingdi Yuan, Justin Harris, Alessandro Sordoni, Philip Bachman, and Kaheer Suleman. 2017 · 2017
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Quac: Question answering in context
Eunsol Choi, He He, Mohit Iyyer, Mark Yatskar, Wen-tau Yih, Yejin Choi, Percy Liang, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2018 · 2018
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Think you have solved question answering? try arc, the ai2 reasoning challenge
Peter Clark, Isaac Cowhey, Oren Etzioni, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, Carissa Schoenick, and Oyvind Tafjord. 2018 · 2018
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Looking beyond the surface: A challenge set for reading comprehension over multiple sentences
Daniel Khashabi, Snigdha Chaturvedi, Michael Roth, Shyam Upadhyay, and Dan Roth. 2018 · 2018
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The narrativeqa reading comprehension challenge
Tomáš Kočiskỳ, Jonathan Schwarz, Phil Blunsom, Chris Dyer, Karl Moritz Hermann, Gábor Melis, and Edward Grefenstette. 2018 · 2018
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Can a suit of armor conduct electricity? a new dataset for open book question answering
Todor Mihaylov, Peter Clark, Tushar Khot, and Ashish Sabharwal. 2018 · 2018
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Improving language understanding by generative pre-training
Alec Radford, Karthik Narasimhan, Tim Salimans, Ilya Sutskever, et al. 2018 · 2018
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Fever: a large-scale dataset for fact extraction and verification
James Thorne, Andreas Vlachos, Christos Christodoulopoulos, and Arpit Mittal. 2018 · 2018
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Hotpotqa: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi-hop question answering
Zhilin Yang, Peng Qi, Saizheng Zhang, Yoshua Bengio, William Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Christopher D Manning. 2018 · 2018
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Boolq: Exploring the surprising difficulty of natural yes/no questions
Christopher Clark, Kenton Lee, Ming-Wei Chang, Tom Kwiatkowski, Michael Collins, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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Cosmos qa: Machine reading comprehension with contextual commonsense reasoning
Lifu Huang, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, and Yejin Choi. 2019 · 2019
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Pubmedqa: A dataset for biomedical research question answering
Qiao Jin, Bhuwan Dhingra, Zhengping Liu, William Cohen, and Xinghua Lu. 2019 · 2019
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A new multi-choice reading comprehension dataset for curriculum learning
Yichan Liang, Jianheng Li, and Jian Yin. 2019 · 2019
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Reasoning over paragraph effects in situations
Kevin Lin, Oyvind Tafjord, Peter Clark, and Matt Gardner. 2019 · 2019
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Language models are unsupervised multitask learners
Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, Ilya Sutskever, et al. 2019 · 2019
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Coqa: A conversational question answering challenge
Siva Reddy, Danqi Chen, and Christopher D Manning. 2019 · 2019
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Social iqa: Commonsense reasoning about social interactions
Maarten Sap, Hannah Rashkin, Derek Chen, Ronan Le Bras, and Yejin Choi. 2019 · 2019
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Dream: A challenge data set and models for dialogue-based reading comprehension
Kai Sun, Dian Yu, Jianshu Chen, Dong Yu, Yejin Choi, and Claire Cardie. 2019 · 2019
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Quartz: An open-domain dataset of qualitative relationship questions
Oyvind Tafjord, Matt Gardner, Kevin Lin, and Peter Clark. 2019 · 2019
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Reclor: A reading comprehension dataset requiring logical reasoning
Weihao Yu, Zihang Jiang, Yanfei Dong, and Jiashi Feng. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Hellaswag: Can a machine really finish your sentence?
Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi. 2019 · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Piqa: Reasoning about physical commonsense in natural language
Yonatan Bisk, Rowan Zellers, Jianfeng Gao, Yejin Choi, et al. 2020 · 2020
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Doqa-accessing domain-specific faqs via conversational qa
Jon Ander Campos, Arantxa Otegi, Aitor Soroa, Jan Milan Deriu, Mark Cieliebak, and Eneko Agirre. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
The pile: An 800gb dataset of diverse text for language modeling
Fantastic questions and where to find them: Fairytaleqa–an authentic dataset for narrative comprehension
Ying Xu, Dakuo Wang, Mo Yu, Daniel Ritchie, Bingsheng Yao, Tongshuang Wu, Zheng Zhang, Toby Li, Nora Bradford, Branda Sun, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Opt: Open pre-trained transformer language models
Susan Zhang, Stephen Roller, Naman Goyal, Mikel Artetxe, Moya Chen, Shuohui Chen, Christopher Dewan, Mona Diab, Xian Li, Xi Victoria Lin, et al. 2022 · 2022
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The falcon series of open language models
Ebtesam Almazrouei, Hamza Alobeidli, Abdulaziz Alshamsi, Alessandro Cappelli, Ruxandra Cojocaru, Mérouane Debbah, Étienne Goffinet, Daniel Hesslow, Julien Launay, Quentin Malartic, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Jinze Bai, Shuai Bai, Yunfei Chu, Zeyu Cui, Kai Dang, Xiaodong Deng, Yang Fan, Wenbin Ge, Yu Han, Fei Huang, et al. 2023 · 2023
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alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.
alphaXiv is searching for related work…
Leo Gao, Stella Biderman, Sid Black, Laurence Golding, Travis Hoppe, Charles Foster, Jason Phang, Horace He, Anish Thite, Noa Nabeshima, et al. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Measuring massive multitask language understanding
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Qasc: A dataset for question answering via sentence composition
Tushar Khot, Peter Clark, Michal Guerquin, Peter Jansen, and Ashish Sabharwal. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Effective transfer learning for identifying similar questions: matching user questions to covid-19 faqs
Clara H McCreery, Namit Katariya, Anitha Kannan, Manish Chablani, and Xavier Amatriain. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Covid-qa: A question answering dataset for covid-19
Timo Möller, Anthony Reina, Raghavan Jayakumar, and Malte Pietsch. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer
Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J Liu. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Getting closer to ai complete question answering: A set of prerequisite real tasks
Anna Rogers, Olga Kovaleva, Matthew Downey, and Anna Rumshisky. 2020 · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling
Stella Biderman, Hailey Schoelkopf, Quentin Gregory Anthony, Herbie Bradley, Kyle O’Brien, Eric Hallahan, Mohammad Aflah Khan, Shivanshu Purohit, USVSN Sai Prashanth, Edward Raff, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Adapting large language models via reading comprehension
Daixuan Cheng, Shaohan Huang, and Furu Wei. 2023 · 2023
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Palm: Scaling language modeling with pathways
Aakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Jacob Devlin, Maarten Bosma, Gaurav Mishra, Adam Roberts, Paul Barham, Hyung Won Chung, Charles Sutton, Sebastian Gehrmann, et al. 2023 · 2023
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A framework for few-shot language model evaluation
Leo Gao, Jonathan Tow, Baber Abbasi, Stella Biderman, Sid Black, Anthony DiPofi, Charles Foster, Laurence Golding, Jeffrey Hsu, Alain Le Noac’h, Haonan Li, Kyle McDonell, Niklas Muennighoff, Chris Ociepa, Jason Phang, Laria Reynolds, Hailey Schoelkopf, Aviya Skowron, Lintang Sutawika, Eric Tang, Anish Thite, Ben Wang, Kevin Wang, and Andy Zou. 2023 · 2023
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Pre-training to learn in context
Yuxian Gu, Li Dong, Furu Wei, and Minlie Huang. 2023 · 2023
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Unnatural instructions: Tuning language models with (almost) no human labor
Or Honovich, Thomas Scialom, Omer Levy, and Timo Schick. 2023 · 2023
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Albert Q Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Arthur Mensch, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de las Casas, Florian Bressand, Gianna Lengyel, Guillaume Lample, Lucile Saulnier, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Efficient memory management for large language model serving with pagedattention
Woosuk Kwon, Zhuohan Li, Siyuan Zhuang, Ying Sheng, Lianmin Zheng, Cody Hao Yu, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica. 2023 · 2023
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Openorca: An open dataset of gpt augmented flan reasoning traces
Wing Lian, Bleys Goodson, Eugene Pentland, Austin Cook, Chanvichet Vong, and "Teknium". 2023 · 2023
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The flan collection: Designing data and methods for effective instruction tuning
Shayne Longpre, Le Hou, Tu Vu, Albert Webson, Hyung Won Chung, Yi Tay, Denny Zhou, Quoc V Le, Barret Zoph, Jason Wei, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Orca: Progressive learning from complex explanation traces of gpt-4
Subhabrata Mukherjee, Arindam Mitra, Ganesh Jawahar, Sahaj Agarwal, Hamid Palangi, and Ahmed Awadallah. 2023 · 2023
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OpenAI. 2023 · 2023
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Guilherme Penedo, Quentin Malartic, Daniel Hesslow, Ruxandra Cojocaru, Alessandro Cappelli, Hamza Alobeidli, Baptiste Pannier, Ebtesam Almazrouei, and Julien Launay. 2023 · 2023
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Qa dataset explosion: A taxonomy of nlp resources for question answering and reading comprehension
Anna Rogers, Matt Gardner, and Isabelle Augenstein. 2023 · 2023
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In-context pretraining: Language modeling beyond document boundaries
Weijia Shi, Sewon Min, Maria Lomeli, Chunting Zhou, Margaret Li, Xi Victoria Lin, Noah A Smith, Luke Zettlemoyer, Wen-tau Yih, and Mike Lewis. 2023 · 2023
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Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Self-instruct: Aligning language models with self-generated instructions
Yizhong Wang, Yeganeh Kordi, Swaroop Mishra, Alisa Liu, Noah A Smith, Daniel Khashabi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2023 · 2023
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Wizardlm: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructions
Can Xu, Qingfeng Sun, Kai Zheng, Xiubo Geng, Pu Zhao, Jiazhan Feng, Chongyang Tao, Qingwei Lin, and Daxin Jiang. 2023 · 2023
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Fingpt: Open-source financial large language models
Hongyang Yang, Xiao-Yang Liu, and Christina Dan Wang. 2023 · 2023
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A survey on data selection for language models
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Scaling instruction-finetuned language models
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