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Current frameworks for training offensive penetration testing agents with deep reinforcement learning struggle to produce agents that perform well in real-world scenarios, due to the reality gap in simulation-based frameworks and the lack of scalability in emulation-based frameworks.
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Buchanan, B., Bansemer, J., Cary, D., Lucas, J., Musser, M.: Automating cyber attacks. Center for Security and Emerging Technology pp. 13–32 (2020)
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Chowdhary, A., Huang, D., Mahendran, J.S., Romo, D., Deng, Y., Sabur, A.: Autonomous security analysis and penetration testing. In: 2020 16th International Conference on Mobility, Sensing and Networking (MSN). pp. 508–515. IEEE (2020)
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Drašar, M., Moskal, S., Yang, S., Zat’ko, P.: Session-level adversary intent-driven cyberattack simulator. In: 2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT). pp. 1–9. IEEE (2020)
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Hammar, K., Stadler, R.: Finding effective security strategies through reinforcement learning and self-play. In: 2020 16th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). pp. 1–9. IEEE (2020)
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Microsoft: Cyberbattlesim. https://github.com/microsoft/cyberbattlesim (2021), created by Christian Seifert, Michael Betser, William Blum, James Bono, Kate Farris, Emily Goren, Justin Grana, Kristian Holsheimer, Brandon Marken, Joshua Neil, Nicole Nichols, Jugal Parikh, Haoran Wei
2021
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2021
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Standen, M., Lucas, M., Bowman, D., Richer, T.J., Kim, J., Marriott, D.: CybORG: A gym for the development of autonomous cyber agents. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Adaptive Cyber Defense (2021)
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Andrew, A., Spillard, S., Collyer, J., Dhir, N.: Developing optimal causal cyber-defence agents via cyber security simulation. In: Workshop on Machine Learning for Cybersecurity (ML4Cyber) (07 2022)
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Hammar, K., Stadler, R.: Learning intrusion prevention policies through optimal stopping. In: 2021 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). pp. 509–517. IEEE (2021)
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Li, L., Fayad, R., Taylor, A.: CyGIL: A cyber gym for training autonomous agents over emulated network systems. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Adaptive Cyber Defense (2021)
2021
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Sick, T., Biondi, F.: Purpledome: Simulation environment for attacks on computer networks. https://github.com/avast/PurpleDome (2022), (visited on 09.02.2022)
2022
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2022
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Chen, J., Hu, S., Zheng, H., Xing, C., Zhang, G.: GAIL-PT: An intelligent penetration testing framework with generative adversarial imitation learning. Computers & Security 126
2023
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