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We introduce RoboBrain 2.5, a next-generation embodied AI foundation model that advances general perception, spatial reasoning, and temporal modeling through extensive training on high-quality spatiotemporal supervision.
Scannet: Richly-annotated 3d reconstructions of indoor scenes
Angela Dai, Angel X Chang, Manolis Savva, Maciej Halber, Thomas Funkhouser, and Matthias Nießner · 2017
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Ai2-thor: An interactive 3d environment for visual ai
Eric Kolve, Roozbeh Mottaghi, Winson Han, Eli VanderBilt, Luca Weihs, Alvaro Herrasti, Matt Deitke, Kiana Ehsani, Daniel Gordon, Yuke Zhu, et al · 2017
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Lvis: A dataset for large vocabulary instance segmentation
Agrim Gupta, Piotr Dollar, and Ross Girshick · 2019
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Rio: 3d object instance re-localization in changing indoor environments
Johanna Wald, Armen Avetisyan, Nassir Navab, Federico Tombari, and Matthias Nießner · 2019
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Webdataset: High-performance data loading for deep learning, 2020
Thomas Breuel Alex Aizman, Gavin Maltby · 2020
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The open images dataset v4: Unified image classification, object detection, and visual relationship detection at scale
Alina Kuznetsova, Hassan Rom, Neil Alldrin, Jasper Uijlings, Ivan Krasin, Jordi Pont-Tuset, Shahab Kamali, Stefan Popov, Matteo Malloci, Alexander Kolesnikov, et al · 2020
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Megatron-lm: Training multi-billion parameter language models using model parallelism, 2021
NVIDIA · 2021
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Scanqa: 3d question answering for spatial scene understanding
Daichi Azuma, Taiki Miyanishi, Shuhei Kurita, and Motoaki Kawanabe · 2022
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Energon: Scaling megatron-lm training with data and expert parallelism, 2023
Xuechen Li, Yifan Mai, Percy Liang, and Matei Zaharia · 2023
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Libero: Benchmarking knowledge transfer for lifelong robot learning
Bo Liu, Yifeng Zhu, Chongkai Gao, Yihao Feng, Qiang Liu, Yuke Zhu, and Peter Stone · 2023
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Cuda memory management, 2023
PyTorch Developers · 2023
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Paco: Parts and attributes of common objects
Vignesh Ramanathan, Anmol Kalia, Vladan Petrovic, Yi Wen, Baixue Zheng, Baishan Guo, Rui Wang, Aaron Marquez, Rama Kovvuri, Abhishek Kadian, et al · 2023
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Tame a wild camera: in-the-wild monocular camera calibration
Shengjie Zhu, Abhinav Kumar, Masa Hu, and Xiaoming Liu · 2023
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Autort: Embodied foundation models for large scale orchestration of robotic agents
Michael Ahn, Debidatta Dwibedi, Chelsea Finn, Montse Gonzalez Arenas, Keerthana Gopalakrishnan, Karol Hausman, Brian Ichter, Alex Irpan, Nikhil Joshi, Ryan Julian, et al · 2024
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Video-language critic: Transferable reward functions for language-conditioned robotics
Minttu Alakuijala, Reginald McLean, Isaac Woungang, Nariman Farsad, Samuel Kaski, Pekka Marttinen, and Kai Yuan · 2024
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Agibot world colosseum
AgiBot World Colosseum contributors · 2024
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Molmo and pixmo: Open weights and open data for state-of-the-art multimodal models
Matt Deitke, Christopher Clark, Sangho Lee, Rohun Tripathi, Yue Yang, Jae Sung Park, Mohammadreza Salehi, Niklas Muennighoff, Kyle Lo, Luca Soldaini, et al · 2024
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Embspatial-bench: Benchmarking spatial understanding for embodied tasks with large vision-language models
Mengfei Du, Binhao Wu, Zejun Li, Xuan-Jing Huang, and Zhongyu Wei · 2024
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Aaron Hurst, Adam Lerer, Adam P Goucher, Adam Perelman, Aditya Ramesh, Aidan Clark, AJ Ostrow, Akila Welihinda, Alan Hayes, Alec Radford, et al · 2024
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Droid: A large-scale in-the-wild robot manipulation dataset
Alexander Khazatsky, Karl Pertsch, Suraj Nair, Ashwin Balakrishna, Sudeep Dasari, Siddharth Karamcheti, Soroush Nasiriany, Mohan Kumar Srirama, Lawrence Yunliang Chen, Kirsty Ellis, et al · 2024
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Cubify anything: Scaling indoor 3d object detection
Justin Lazarow, David Griffiths, Gefen Kohavi, Francisco Crespo, and Afshin Dehghan · 2024
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Lamp: Language-motion pretraining for motion generation, retrieval, and captioning
Zhe Li, Weihao Yuan, Yisheng He, Lingteng Qiu, Shenhao Zhu, Xiaodong Gu, Weichao Shen, Yuan Dong, Zilong Dong, and Laurence T Yang · 2024
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Yuan-Hong Liao, Rafid Mahmood, Sanja Fidler, and David Acuna · 2024
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Robobrain-x0
FlagOpen · 2025
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Gemini 3 pro: the frontier of vision ai
Google · 2025
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Mimo-embodied: X-embodied foundation model technical report
Xiaoshuai Hao, Lei Zhou, Zhijian Huang, Zhiwen Hou, Yingbo Tang, Lingfeng Zhang, Guang Li, Zheng Lu, Shuhuai Ren, Xianhui Meng, et al · 2025
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Flagevalmm: A flexible framework for comprehensive multimodal model evaluation
Zheqi He, Yesheng Liu, Jing shu Zheng, Xuejing Li, Jin-Ge Yao, Bowen Qin, Richeng Xuan, and Xi Yang · 2025
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Egodex: Learning dexterous manipulation from large-scale egocentric video
Ryan Hoque, Peide Huang, David J Yoon, Mouli Sivapurapu, and Jian Zhang · 2025
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Ruiyuan Lyu, Tai Wang, Jingli Lin, Shuai Yang, Xiaohan Mao, Yilun Chen, Runsen Xu, Haifeng Huang, Chenming Zhu, Dahua Lin, and Jiangmiao Pang · 2024
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Vision language models are in-context value learners
Yecheng Jason Ma, Joey Hejna, Chuyuan Fu, Dhruv Shah, Jacky Liang, Zhuo Xu, Sean Kirmani, Peng Xu, Danny Driess, Ted Xiao, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Robocasa: Large-scale simulation of everyday tasks for generalist robots
Soroush Nasiriany, Abhiram Maddukuri, Lance Zhang, Adeet Parikh, Aaron Lo, Abhishek Joshi, Ajay Mandlekar, and Yuke Zhu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Open x-embodiment: Robotic learning datasets and rt-x models: Open x-embodiment collaboration 0
Abby O’Neill, Abdul Rehman, Abhiram Maddukuri, Abhishek Gupta, Abhishek Padalkar, Abraham Lee, Acorn Pooley, Agrim Gupta, Ajay Mandlekar, Ajinkya Jain, et al · 2024
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Robovqa: Multimodal long-horizon reasoning for robotics
Pierre Sermanet, Tianli Ding, Jeffrey Zhao, Fei Xia, Debidatta Dwibedi, Keerthana Gopalakrishnan, Christine Chan, Gabriel Dulac-Arnold, Sharath Maddineni, Nikhil J Joshi, et al · 2024
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Cambrian-1: A fully open, vision-centric exploration of multimodal llms
Peter Tong, Ellis Brown, Penghao Wu, Sanghyun Woo, Adithya Jairam Vedagiri IYER, Sai Charitha Akula, Shusheng Yang, Jihan Yang, Manoj Middepogu, Ziteng Wang, et al · 2024
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Robopoint: A vision-language model for spatial affordance prediction for robotics, 2024
Wentao Yuan, Jiafei Duan, Valts Blukis, Wilbert Pumacay, Ranjay Krishna, Adithyavairavan Murali, Arsalan Mousavian, and Dieter Fox · 2024
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Recognize anything: A strong image tagging model
Youcai Zhang, Xinyu Huang, Jinyu Ma, Zhaoyang Li, Zhaochuan Luo, Yanchun Xie, Yuzhuo Qin, Tong Luo, Yaqian Li, Shilong Liu, et al · 2024
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pi0.5: a vision-language-action model with open-world generalization
Physical Intelligence, Kevin Black, Noah Brown, James Darpinian, Karan Dhabalia, Danny Driess, Adnan Esmail, Michael Equi, Chelsea Finn, Niccolo Fusai, et al · 2025
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Galaxea open-world dataset and g0 dual-system vla model
Tao Jiang, Tianyuan Yuan, Yicheng Liu, Chenhao Lu, Jianning Cui, Xiao Liu, Shuiqi Cheng, Jiyang Gao, Huazhe Xu, and Hang Zhao · 2025
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Update to gpt-5 system card: Gpt-5.2
OpenAI · 2025
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Spatial-r1: Enhancing mllms in video spatial reasoning
Kun Ouyang · 2025
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Unidepthv2: Universal monocular metric depth estimation made simpler
Luigi Piccinelli, Christos Sakaridis, Yung-Hsu Yang, Mattia Segu, Siyuan Li, Wim Abbeloos, and Luc Van Gool · 2025
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Qwen2.5-vl: Multimodal llms from alibaba, 2025
Qwen Team · 2025
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Sam 2: Segment anything in images and videos
Nikhila Ravi, Valentin Gabeur, Yuan-Ting Hu, Ronghang Hu, Chaitanya Ryali, Tengyu Ma, Haitham Khedr, Roman Rädle, Chloe Rolland, Laura Gustafson, et al · 2025
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Robospatial: Teaching spatial understanding to 2d and 3d vision-language models for robotics
Chan Hee Song, Valts Blukis, Jonathan Tremblay, Stephen Tyree, Yu Su, and Stan Birchfield · 2025
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Qwq-32b: Embracing the power of reinforcement learning, March 2025
Qwen Team · 2025
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Towards cross-view point correspondence in vision-language models
Yipu Wang, Yuheng Ji, Yuyang Liu, Enshen Zhou, Ziqiang Yang, Yuxuan Tian, Ziheng Qin, Yue Liu, Huajie Tan, Cheng Chi, et al · 2025
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Embodied-r1: Reinforced embodied reasoning for general robotic manipulation
Yifu Yuan, Haiqin Cui, Yaoting Huang, Yibin Chen, Fei Ni, Zibin Dong, Pengyi Li, Yan Zheng, and Jianye Hao · 2025
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A vision-language-action-critic model for robotic real-world reinforcement learning
Shaopeng Zhai, Qi Zhang, Tianyi Zhang, Fuxian Huang, Haoran Zhang, Ming Zhou, Shengzhe Zhang, Litao Liu, Sixu Lin, and Jiangmiao Pang · 2025
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Action-sketcher: From reasoning to action via visual sketches for long-horizon robotic manipulation
Huajie Tan, Peterson Co, Yijie Xu, Shanyu Rong, Yuheng Ji, Cheng Chi, Xiansheng Chen, Qiongyu Zhang, Zhongxia Zhao, Pengwei Wang, et al · 2026
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