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Adjusting for (baseline) covariates with working regression models becomes standard practice in the analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCT).
Comparison between balanced and random arrangements of field plots
Student (1938) · 1938
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Forcing a sequential experiment to be balanced
Efron, B. (1971) · 1971
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Minimization: A new method of assigning patients to treatment and control groups
Taves, D. R. (1974) · 1974
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The randomization and stratification of patients to clinical trials
Zelen, M. (1974) · 1974
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Sequential treatment assignment with balancing for prognostic factors in the controlled clinical trial
Pocock, S. J. and Simon, R. (1975) · 1975
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A treatment allocation procedure for sequential clinical trials
Begg, C. B. and Iglewicz, B. (1980) · 1980
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Optimum biased coin designs for sequential clinical trials with prognostic factors
Atkinson, A. C. (1982) · 1982
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A class of U {U} -statistics and asymptotic normality of the number of k k -clusters
Bhattacharya, R. N. and Ghosh, J. K. (1992) · 1992
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Random vectors in the isotropic position
Rudelson, M. (1999) · 1999
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A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression
Keller, M. B., McCullough, J. P., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B., Dunner, D. L., Gelenberg, A. J., Markowitz, J. C., Nemeroff, C. B., Russell, J. M., Thase, M. E., et al. (2000) · 2000
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Semiparametric estimation of treatment effect in a pretest-posttest study
Leon, S., Tsiatis, A. A., and Davidian, M. (2003) · 2003
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A well-conditioned estimator for large-dimensional covariance matrices
Ledoit, O. and Wolf, M. (2004) · 2004
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Using randomization in development economics research: A toolkit
Duflo, E., Glennerster, R., and Kremer, M. (2007) · 2007
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Covariate adjustment for two-sample treatment comparisons in randomized clinical trials: A principled yet flexible approach
Tsiatis, A. A., Davidian, M., Zhang, M., and Lu, X. (2008) · 2008
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Improving efficiency of inferences in randomized clinical trials using auxiliary covariates
Zhang, M., Tsiatis, A. A., and Davidian, M. (2008) · 2008
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Asymptotic properties of covariate-adaptive randomization
Hu, Y. and Hu, F. (2012) · 2012
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User-friendly tail bounds for sums of random matrices
Tropp, J. A. (2012) · 2012
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How close is the sample covariance matrix to the actual covariance matrix?
Vershynin, R. (2012) · 2012
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Agnostic notes on regression adjustments to experimental data: Reexamining Freedman’s critique
Lin, W. (2013) · 2013
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Guidelines on adjustment for baseline covariates in clinical trials
European Medicines Agency (2015) · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
The pursuit of balance: an overview of covariate-adaptive randomization techniques in clinical trials
Lin, Y., Zhu, M., and Su, Z. (2015) · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
Testing hypotheses of covariate-adaptive randomized clinical trials
Ma, W., Hu, F., and Zhang, L. (2015) · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
Randomization in Clinical Trials: Theory and Practice
Rosenberger, W. F. and Lachin, J. M. (2015) · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
Lasso adjustments of treatment effect estimates in randomized experiments
Bloniarz, A., Liu, H., Zhang, C.-H., Sekhon, J. S., and Yu, B. (2016) · 2016
Cited alongside, same era.
Why experimenters might not always want to randomize, and what they could do instead
The generalized Oaxaca-Blinder estimator
Guo, K. and Basse, G. (2023) · 2023
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Lasso-adjusted treatment effect estimation under covariate-adaptive randomization
Liu, H., Tu, F., and Ma, W. (2023) · 2023
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New n \sqrt{n} -consistent, numerically stable higher-order influence function estimators
Liu, L. and Li, C. (2023) · 2023
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Rafi, A. (2023) · 2023
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Adjusting for covariates in randomized clinical trials for drugs and biological products
US Food and Drug Administration (2023) · 2023
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Kasy, M. (2016) · 2016
Cited alongside, same era.
Semiparametric efficient empirical higher order influence function estimators
Liu, L., Mukherjee, R., Newey, W. K., and Robins, J. M. (2017) · 2017
Cited alongside, same era.
Semiparametric efficient empirical higher order influence function estimators
Liu, L., Mukherjee, R., Newey, W. K., and Robins, J. M. (2017) · 2017
Cited alongside, same era.
Inference under covariate-adaptive randomization
Bugni, F. A., Canay, I. A., and Shaikh, A. M. (2018) · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Inference under covariate-adaptive randomization
Bugni, F. A., Canay, I. A., and Shaikh, A. M. (2018) · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Inference under covariate-adaptive randomization with multiple treatments
Bugni, F. A., Canay, I. A., and Shaikh, A. M. (2019) · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Ideal vs. real: A systematic review on handling covariates in randomized controlled trials
Ciolino, J. D., Palac, H. L., Yang, A., Vaca, M., and Belli, H. M. (2019) · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Toward better practice of covariate adjustment in analyzing randomized clinical trials
Ye, T., Shao, J., Yi, Y., and Zhao, Q. (2023) · 2023
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Matrix concentration inequalities and free probability
Bandeira, A. S., Boedihardjo, M. T., and van Handel, R. (2023) · 2023
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Exact bias correction for linear adjustment of randomized controlled trials
Chang, H., Middleton, J. A., and Aronow, P. M. (2024) · 2024
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No-harm calibration for generalized Oaxaca–Blinder estimators
Cohen, P. L. and Fogarty, C. B. (2024) · 2024
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Ding, X., Li, Y., and Yang, F. (2024) · 2024
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A new and unified family of covariate adaptive randomization procedures and their properties
Ma, W., Li, P., Zhang, L.-X., and Hu, F. (2024) · 2024
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Covariate adjustment in randomized experiments motivated by higher-order influence functions
Zhao, S., Wang, X., Liu, L., and Zhang, X. (2024) · 2024
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Unbiased regression-adjusted estimation of average treatment effects in randomized controlled trials
Abadie, A., Ghadiri, M., Jadbabaie, A., and JafariNodeh, M. (2025) · 2025
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A leave-one-out approach to approximate message passing
Bao, Z., Han, Q., and Xu, X. (2025) · 2025
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Regression adjustment in completely randomized experiments with many covariates
Chiang, H. D., Matsushita, Y., and Otsu, T. (2025) · 2025
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Adjustments with many regressors under covariate-adaptive randomizations
Jiang, L., Li, L., Miao, K., and Zhang, Y. (2025) · 2025
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Proposer of the vote of thanks to Bruns-Smith, Dukes, Feller, and Ogburn and contribution to the discussion of ‘Augmented balancing weights as linear regression’
Liu, L. (2025) · 2025
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Debiased regression adjustment in completely randomized experiments with moderately high-dimensional covariates
Lu, X., Yang, F., and Wang, Y. (2025) · 2025
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Perturbed double machine learning: Nonstandard inference beyond the parametric length
Zheng, M., Bonvini, M., and Guo, Z. (2025) · 2025
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