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Recently, GPT-4o has garnered significant attention for its strong performance in image generation, yet open-source models still lag behind.
Auto-encoding variational bayes
Diederik P Kingma and Max Welling · 2013
Earlier work this paper cites.
Microsoft coco: Common objects in context
Tsung-Yi Lin, Michael Maire, Serge Belongie, James Hays, Pietro Perona, Deva Ramanan, Piotr Dollár, and C Lawrence Zitnick · 2014
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Vqa: Visual question answering
Aishwarya Agrawal, Jiasen Lu, Stanislaw Antol, Margaret Mitchell, C. Lawrence Zitnick, Devi Parikh, and Dhruv Batra · 2015
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An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale
Alexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn, Xiaohua Zhai, Thomas Unterthiner, Mostafa Dehghani, Matthias Minderer, Georg Heigold, Sylvain Gelly, et al · 2020
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Training verifiers to solve math word problems
Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, et al · 2021
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Measuring mathematical problem solving with the math dataset
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Saurav Kadavath, Akul Arora, Steven Basart, Eric Tang, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2021
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Hierarchical text-conditional image generation with clip latents
Aditya Ramesh, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alex Nichol, Casey Chu, and Mark Chen · 2022
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Jinze Bai, Shuai Bai, Yunfei Chu, Zeyu Cui, Kai Dang, Xiaodong Deng, Yang Fan, Wenbin Ge, Yu Han, Fei Huang, Binyuan Hui, Luo Ji, Mei Li, Junyang Lin, Runji Lin, Dayiheng Liu, Gao Liu, Chengqiang Lu, Keming Lu, Jianxin Ma, Rui Men, Xingzhang Ren, Xuancheng Ren, Chuanqi Tan, Sinan Tan, Jianhong Tu, Peng Wang, Shijie Wang, Wei Wang, Shengguang Wu, Benfeng Xu, Jin Xu, An Yang, Hao Yang, Jian Yang, Shusheng Yang, Yang Yao, Bowen Yu, Hongyi Yuan, Zheng Yuan, Jianwei Zhang, Xingxuan Zhang, Yichang Zhang, Zhenru Zhang, Chang Zhou, Jingren Zhou, Xiaohuan Zhou, and Tianhang Zhu · 2023
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Instructpix2pix: Learning to follow image editing instructions
Tim Brooks, Aleksander Holynski, and Alexei A Efros · 2023
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Vicuna: An open-source chatbot impressing gpt-4 with 90%* chatgpt quality
Wei-Lin Chiang, Zhuohan Li, Zi Lin, Ying Sheng, Zhanghao Wu, Hao Zhang, Lianmin Zheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Yonghao Zhuang, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Ion Stoica, and Eric P. Xing · 2023
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Tifa: Accurate and interpretable text-to-image faithfulness evaluation with question answering
Yushi Hu, Benlin Liu, Jungo Kasai, Yizhong Wang, Mari Ostendorf, Ranjay Krishna, and Noah A Smith · 2023
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Viescore: Towards explainable metrics for conditional image synthesis evaluation, 2023
Max Ku, Dongfu Jiang, Cong Wei, Xiang Yue, and Wenhu Chen · 2023
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Sdxl: Improving latent diffusion models for high-resolution image synthesis
Dustin Podell, Zion English, Kyle Lacey, Andreas Blattmann, Tim Dockhorn, Jonas Müller, Joe Penna, and Robin Rombach · 2023
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Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al · 2023
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Xiaoshi Wu, Yiming Hao, Keqiang Sun, Yixiong Chen, Feng Zhu, Rui Zhao, and Hongsheng Li · 2023
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Pointllm: Empowering large language models to understand point clouds
Runsen Xu, Xiaolong Wang, Tai Wang, Yilun Chen, Jiangmiao Pang, and Dahua Lin · 2023
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Sigmoid loss for language image pre-training
Xiaohua Zhai, Basil Mustafa, Alexander Kolesnikov, and Lucas Beyer · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Minigpt-4: Enhancing vision-language understanding with advanced large language models
Deyao Zhu, Jun Chen, Xiaoqian Shen, Xiang Li, and Mohamed Elhoseiny · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Sd3-medium
Stability AI · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Autoregressive video generation without vector quantization
Haoge Deng, Ting Pan, Haiwen Diao, Zhengxiong Luo, Yufeng Cui, Huchuan Lu, Shiguang Shan, Yonggang Qi, and Xinlong Wang · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Scaling rectified flow transformers for high-resolution image synthesis
Patrick Esser, Sumith Kulal, Andreas Blattmann, Rahim Entezari, Jonas Müller, Harry Saini, Yam Levi, Dominik Lorenz, Axel Sauer, Frederic Boesel, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Transfusion: Predict the next token and diffuse images with one multi-modal model
Chunting Zhou, Lili Yu, Arun Babu, Kushal Tirumala, Michihiro Yasunaga, Leonid Shamis, Jacob Kahn, Xuezhe Ma, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Omer Levy · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Lumina-next: Making lumina-t2x stronger and faster with next-dit
Le Zhuo, Ruoyi Du, Han Xiao, Yangguang Li, Dongyang Liu, Rongjie Huang, Wenze Liu, Xiangyang Zhu, Fu-Yun Wang, Zhanyu Ma, et al · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Shuai Bai, Keqin Chen, Xuejing Liu, Jialin Wang, Wenbin Ge, Sibo Song, Kai Dang, Peng Wang, Shijie Wang, Jun Tang, et al · 2025
Closest in time.
Emerging properties in unified multimodal pretraining
Chaorui Deng, Deyao Zhu, Kunchang Li, Chenhui Gou, Feng Li, Zeyu Wang, Shu Zhong, Weihao Yu, Xiaonan Nie, Ziang Song, et al · 2025
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Gemini 2.0 flash
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Geneval: An object-focused framework for evaluating text-to-image alignment
Dhruba Ghosh, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Ludwig Schmidt · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Ella: Equip diffusion models with llm for enhanced semantic alignment
Xiwei Hu, Rui Wang, Yixiao Fang, Bin Fu, Pei Cheng, and Gang Yu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Evaluating text-to-visual generation with image-to-text generation, 2024
Zhiqiu Lin, Deepak Pathak, Baiqi Li, Jiayao Li, Xide Xia, Graham Neubig, Pengchuan Zhang, and Deva Ramanan · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Visual instruction tuning
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Qingyang Wu, and Yong Jae Lee · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
The llama 3 herd of models, 2024
Meta · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Dall·e 3
OpenAI · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Gpqa: A graduate-level google-proof q&a benchmark
David Rein, Betty Li Hou, Asa Cooper Stickland, Jackson Petty, Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Julien Dirani, Julian Michael, and Samuel R Bowman · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Google · 2025
Closest in time.
Kaiyi Huang, Chengqi Duan, Kaiyue Sun, Enze Xie, Zhenguo Li, and Xihui Liu · 2025
Closest in time.
Uniworld: High-resolution semantic encoders for unified visual understanding and generation
Bin Lin, Zongjian Li, Xinhua Cheng, Yuwei Niu, Yang Ye, Xianyi He, Shenghai Yuan, Wangbo Yu, Shaodong Wang, Yunyang Ge, et al · 2025
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Transfer between modalities with metaqueries
Xichen Pan, Satya Narayan Shukla, Aashu Singh, Zhuokai Zhao, Shlok Kumar Mishra, Jialiang Wang, Zhiyang Xu, Jiuhai Chen, Kunpeng Li, Felix Juefei-Xu, et al · 2025
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Tokenflow: Unified image tokenizer for multimodal understanding and generation
Liao Qu, Huichao Zhang, Yiheng Liu, Xu Wang, Yi Jiang, Yiming Gao, Hu Ye, Daniel K Du, Zehuan Yuan, and Xinglong Wu · 2025
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Delving into rl for image generation with cot: A study on dpo vs. grpo
Chengzhuo Tong, Ziyu Guo, Renrui Zhang, Wenyu Shan, Xinyu Wei, Zhenghao Xing, Hongsheng Li, and Pheng-Ann Heng · 2025
Closest in time.
Gpt-image-edit-1.5 m: A million-scale, gpt-generated image dataset
Yuhan Wang, Siwei Yang, Bingchen Zhao, Letian Zhang, Qing Liu, Yuyin Zhou, and Cihang Xie · 2025
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Tiif-bench: How does your t2i model follow your instructions?
Xinyu Wei, Jinrui Zhang, Zeqing Wang, Hongyang Wei, Zhen Guo, and Lei Zhang · 2025
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Omnigen: Unified image generation
Shitao Xiao, Yueze Wang, Junjie Zhou, Huaying Yuan, Xingrun Xing, Ruiran Yan, Chaofan Li, Shuting Wang, Tiejun Huang, and Zheng Liu · 2025
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Jiazheng Xu, Yu Huang, Jiale Cheng, Yuanming Yang, Jiajun Xu, Yuan Wang, Wenbo Duan, Shen Yang, Qunlin Jin, Shurun Li, Jiayan Teng, Zhuoyi Yang, Wendi Zheng, Xiao Liu, Ming Ding, Xiaohan Zhang, Xiaotao Gu, Shiyu Huang, Minlie Huang, Jie Tang, and Yuxiao Dong · 2025
Closest in time.
Gpt-imgeval: A comprehensive benchmark for diagnosing gpt4o in image generation
Zhiyuan Yan, Junyan Ye, Weijia Li, Zilong Huang, Shenghai Yuan, Xiangyang He, Kaiqing Lin, Jun He, Conghui He, and Li Yuan · 2025
Closest in time.