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Optimizing inference for long-context large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important due to the quadratic compute and linear memory cost of Transformers.
Decoding by linear programming
E.J. Candes and T. Tao · 2005
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Distilling the knowledge in a neural network, 2015
Geoffrey Hinton, Oriol Vinyals, and Jeff Dean · 2015
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Squad: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text
Pranav Rajpurkar, Jian Zhang, Konstantin Lopyrev, and Percy Liang · 2016
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Automatic differentiation in pytorch
Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Soumith Chintala, Gregory Chanan, Edward Yang, Zachary DeVito, Zeming Lin, Alban Desmaison, Luca Antiga, and Adam Lerer · 2017
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin · 2017
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Hotpotqa: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi-hop question answering
Zhilin Yang, Peng Qi, Saizheng Zhang, Yoshua Bengio, William Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Christopher D Manning · 2018
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Longformer: The long-document transformer
Iz Beltagy, Matthew E. Peters, and Arman Cohan · 2020
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Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale
Alexis Conneau, Kartikay Khandelwal, Naman Goyal, Vishrav Chaudhary, Guillaume Wenzek, Francisco Guzmán, Édouard Grave, Myle Ott, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov · 2020
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Learning to summarize from human feedback
Fei Liu et al · 2020
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Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer
Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J Liu · 2020
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Huggingface’s transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing, 2020
Thomas Wolf, Lysandre Debut, Victor Sanh, Julien Chaumond, Clement Delangue, Anthony Moi, Pierric Cistac, Tim Rault, Rémi Louf, Morgan Funtowicz, Joe Davison, Sam Shleifer, Patrick von Platen, Clara Ma, Yacine Jernite, Julien Plu, Canwen Xu, Teven Le Scao, Sylvain Gugger, Mariama Drame, Quentin Lhoest, and Alexander M. Rush · 2020
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Leveraging passage retrieval with generative models for open domain question answering
Gautier Izacard and Édouard Grave · 2021
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Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al · 2023
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Gqa: Training generalized multi-query transformer models from multi-head checkpoints
Joshua Ainslie, James Lee-Thorp, Michiel de Jong, Yury Zemlyanskiy, Federico Lebron, and Sumit Sanghai · 2023
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Accelerating large language model decoding with speculative sampling
Charlie Chen, Sebastian Borgeaud, Geoffrey Irving, Jean-Baptiste Lespiau, Laurent Sifre, and John Jumper · 2023
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Mistral 7b, 2023
Albert Q. Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Arthur Mensch, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de las Casas, Florian Bressand, Gianna Lengyel, Guillaume Lample, Lucile Saulnier, Lélio Renard Lavaud, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Pierre Stock, Teven Le Scao, Thibaut Lavril, Thomas Wang, Timothée Lacroix, and William El Sayed · 2023
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LLMLingua: Compressing prompts for accelerated inference of large language models
Huiqiang Jiang, Qianhui Wu, Chin-Yew Lin, Yuqing Yang, and Lili Qiu · 2023
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Efficient memory management for large language model serving with pagedattention
Woosuk Kwon, Zhuohan Li, Siyuan Zhuang, Ying Sheng, Lianmin Zheng, Cody Hao Yu, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica · 2023
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Fast inference from transformers via speculative decoding
Yaniv Leviathan, Matan Kalman, and Yossi Matias · 2023
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Compressing context to enhance inference efficiency of large language models
YUCHENG LI, BO DONG, Frank Guerin, and Chenghua Lin · 2023
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H2o: Heavy-hitter oracle for efficient generative inference of large language models
Zhenyu Zhang, Ying Sheng, Tianyi Zhou, Tianlong Chen, Lianmin Zheng, Ruisi Cai, Zhao Song, Yuandong Tian, Christopher Re, Clark Barrett, Zhangyang Wang, and Beidi Chen · 2023
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LongBench: A bilingual, multitask benchmark for long context understanding
Yushi Bai, Xin Lv, Jiajie Zhang, Hongchang Lyu, Jiankai Tang, Zhidian Huang, Zhengxiao Du, Xiao Liu, Aohan Zeng, Lei Hou, Yuxiao Dong, Jie Tang, and Juanzi Li · 2024
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Medusa: Simple llm inference acceleration framework with multiple decoding heads
Tianle Cai, Yuhong Li, Zhengyang Geng, Hongwu Peng, Jason D Lee, Deming Chen, and Tri Dao · 2024
Lost in the middle: How language models use long contexts
Nelson F Liu, Kevin Lin, John Hewitt, Ashwin Paranjape, Michele Bevilacqua, Fabio Petroni, and Percy Liang · 2024
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Llmlingua-2: Data distillation for efficient and faithful task-agnostic prompt compression
Zhuoshi Pan, Qianhui Wu, Huiqiang Jiang, Menglin Xia, Xufang Luo, Jue Zhang, Qingwei Lin, Victor Rühle, Yuqing Yang, Chin-Yew Lin, et al · 2024
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Triforce: Lossless acceleration of long sequence generation with hierarchical speculative decoding
Hanshi Sun, Zhuoming Chen, Xinyu Yang, Yuandong Tian, and Beidi Chen · 2024
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QUEST: Query-aware sparsity for efficient long-context LLM inference
Jiaming Tang, Yilong Zhao, Kan Zhu, Guangxuan Xiao, Baris Kasikci, and Song Han · 2024
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Efficient streaming language models with attention sinks
Guangxuan Xiao, Yuandong Tian, Beidi Chen, Song Han, and Mike Lewis · 2024
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Pyramidkv: Dynamic kv cache compression based on pyramidal information funneling
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From reading to compressing: Exploring the multi-document reader for prompt compression
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Tri Dao · 2024
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Milebench: Benchmarking mllms in long context
Song Dingjie, Shunian Chen, Guiming Hardy Chen, Fei Yu, Xiang Wan, and Benyou Wang · 2024
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Evaluating large language models in class-level code generation
Xueying Du, Mingwei Liu, Kaixin Wang, Hanlin Wang, Junwei Liu, Yixuan Chen, Jiayi Feng, Chaofeng Sha, Xin Peng, and Yiling Lou · 2024
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Yuan Feng, Junlin Lv, Yukun Cao, Xike Xie, and S. Kevin Zhou · 2024
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An Yang, Baosong Yang, Beichen Zhang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chengyuan Li, Dayiheng Liu, Fei Huang, Haoran Wei, et al · 2024
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Prompt compression with context-aware sentence encoding for fast and improved llm inference
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The sparse frontier: Sparse attention trade-offs in transformer llms, 2025
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Magicdec: Breaking the latency-throughput tradeoff for long context generation with speculative decoding
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Qwen3, April 2025
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