Fetching the paper…
Reading the bibliography…
Existing benchmarks fail to capture a crucial aspect of intelligence: physical reasoning, the integrated ability to combine domain knowledge, symbolic reasoning, and understanding of real-world constraints.
Measuring mathematical problem solving with the math dataset
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Saurav Kadavath, Akul Arora, Steven Basart, Eric Tang, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Program synthesis with large language models
Jacob Austin, Augustus Odena, Maxwell Nye, Maarten Bosma, Henryk Michalewski, David Dohan, Ellen Jiang, Carrie Cai, Michael Terry, Quoc Le, et al · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, Denny Zhou, et al · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Instruction-following evaluation for large language models, 2023
Jeffrey Zhou, Tianjian Lu, Swaroop Mishra, Siddhartha Brahma, Sujoy Basu, Yi Luan, Denny Zhou, and Le Hou · 2023
Earlier work this paper cites.
American invitational mathematics examination - aime
MAA · 2024
Earlier work this paper cites.
Gpqa: A graduate-level google-proof q&a benchmark
David Rein, Betty Li Hou, Asa Cooper Stickland, Jackson Petty, Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Julien Dirani, Julian Michael, and Samuel R Bowman · 2024
Earlier work this paper cites.
Olympiadbench: A challenging benchmark for promoting agi with olympiad-level bilingual multimodal scientific problems
Chaoqun He, Renjie Luo, Yuzhuo Bai, Shengding Hu, Zhen Thai, Junhao Shen, Jinyi Hu, Xu Han, Yujie Huang, Yuxiang Zhang, et al · 2024
Earlier work this paper cites.
Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for expert agi
Xiang Yue, Yuansheng Ni, Kai Zhang, Tianyu Zheng, Ruoqi Liu, Ge Zhang, Samuel Stevens, Dongfu Jiang, Weiming Ren, Yuxuan Sun, et al · 2024
Earlier work this paper cites.
Mathverse: Does your multi-modal llm truly see the diagrams in visual math problems?
Renrui Zhang, Dongzhi Jiang, Yichi Zhang, Haokun Lin, Ziyu Guo, Pengshuo Qiu, Aojun Zhou, Pan Lu, Kai-Wei Chang, Yu Qiao, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Llava-onevision: Easy visual task transfer
Bo Li, Yuanhan Zhang, Dong Guo, Renrui Zhang, Feng Li, Hao Zhang, Kaichen Zhang, Peiyuan Zhang, Yanwei Li, Ziwei Liu, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Minicpm-v: A gpt-4v level mllm on your phone
Yuan Yao, Tianyu Yu, Ao Zhang, Chongyi Wang, Junbo Cui, Hongji Zhu, Tianchi Cai, Haoyu Li, Weilin Zhao, Zhihui He, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Yi: Open foundation models by 01. ai
Alex Young, Bei Chen, Chao Li, Chengen Huang, Ge Zhang, Guanwei Zhang, Guoyin Wang, Heng Li, Jiangcheng Zhu, Jianqun Chen, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Claude 3.7 sonnet and claude code
claude · 2025
Closest in time.
Phybench: Holistic evaluation of physical perception and reasoning in large language models
Shi Qiu, Shaoyang Guo, Zhuo-Yang Song, Yunbo Sun, Zeyu Cai, Jiashen Wei, Tianyu Luo, Yixuan Yin, Haoxu Zhang, Yi Hu, et al · 2025
Closest in time.
Ugphysics: A comprehensive benchmark for undergraduate physics reasoning with large language models
Xin Xu, Qiyun Xu, Tong Xiao, Tianhao Chen, Yuchen Yan, Jiaxin Zhang, Shizhe Diao, Can Yang, and Yang Wang · 2025
Closest in time.
Internvl3: Exploring advanced training and test-time recipes for open-source multimodal models
Jinguo Zhu, Weiyun Wang, Zhe Chen, Zhaoyang Liu, Shenglong Ye, Lixin Gu, Yuchen Duan, Hao Tian, Weijie Su, Jie Shao, et al · 2025
Closest in time.
alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.
alphaXiv is searching for related work…
Liangtai Sun, Yang Han, Zihan Zhao, Da Ma, Zhennan Shen, Baocai Chen, Lu Chen, and Kai Yu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Olympicarena: Benchmarking multi-discipline cognitive reasoning for superintelligent ai
Zhen Huang, Zengzhi Wang, Shijie Xia, Xuefeng Li, Haoyang Zou, Ruijie Xu, Run-Ze Fan, Lyumanshan Ye, Ethan Chern, Yixin Ye, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning
Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Ruoyu Zhang, Runxin Xu, Qihao Zhu, Shirong Ma, Peiyi Wang, Xiao Bi, et al · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Gemini 2.5: Our most intelligent ai model, 2025
Gemini Team · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Learning to reason with llms, 2024a
OpenAI
Cited in the paper.
OpenAI
Cited in the paper.
Measuring multimodal mathematical reasoning with math-vision dataset
Ke Wang, Junting Pan, Weikang Shi, Zimu Lu, Houxing Ren, Aojun Zhou, Mingjie Zhan, and Hongsheng Li
Cited in the paper.
Mathvista: Evaluating mathematical reasoning of foundation models in visual contexts
Pan Lu, Hritik Bansal, Tony Xia, Jiacheng Liu, Chunyuan Li, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Hao Cheng, Kai-Wei Chang, Michel Galley, and Jianfeng Gao
Cited in the paper.
DeepSeek-AI · 2025
Closest in time.
An Yang, Anfeng Li, Baosong Yang, Beichen Zhang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chang Gao, Chengen Huang, Chenxu Lv, Chujie Zheng, Dayiheng Liu, Fan Zhou, Fei Huang, Feng Hu, Hao Ge, Haoran Wei, Huan Lin, Jialong Tang, Jian Yang, Jianhong Tu, Jianwei Zhang, Jianxin Yang, Jiaxi Yang, Jing Zhou, Jingren Zhou, Junyang Lin, Kai Dang, Keqin Bao, Kexin Yang, Le Yu, Lianghao Deng, Mei Li, Mingfeng Xue, Mingze Li, Pei Zhang, Peng Wang, Qin Zhu, Rui Men, Ruize Gao, Shixuan Liu, Shuang Luo, Tianhao Li, Tianyi Tang, Wenbiao Yin, Xingzhang Ren, Xinyu Wang, Xinyu Zhang, Xuancheng Ren, Yang Fan, Yang Su, Yichang Zhang, Yinger Zhang, Yu Wan, Yuqiong Liu, Zekun Wang, Zeyu Cui, Zhenru Zhang, Zhipeng Zhou, and Zihan Qiu · 2025
Closest in time.
Physreason: A comprehensive benchmark towards physics-based reasoning
Xinyu Zhang, Yuxuan Dong, Yanrui Wu, Jiaxing Huang, Chengyou Jia, Basura Fernando, Mike Zheng Shou, Lingling Zhang, and Jun Liu · 2025
Closest in time.
Can mllms reason in multimodality? emma: An enhanced multimodal reasoning benchmark
Yunzhuo Hao, Jiawei Gu, Huichen Will Wang, Linjie Li, Zhengyuan Yang, Lijuan Wang, and Yu Cheng · 2025
Closest in time.