Nemotron-CrossThink: Scaling Self-Learning beyond Math Reasoning

The number sense: How the mind creates mathematics

Stanislas Dehaene · 2011

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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models

Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, Denny Zhou, et al · 2022

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Agieval: A human-centric benchmark for evaluating foundation models, 2023

Original

Wanjun Zhong, Ruixiang Cui, Yiduo Guo, Yaobo Liang, Shuai Lu, Yanlin Wang, Amin Saied, Weizhu Chen, and Nan Duan · 2023

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Numinamath 7b cot

Edward Beeching, Shengyi Costa Huang, Albert Jiang, Jia Li, Benjamin Lipkin, Zihan Qina, Kashif Rasul, Ziju Shen, Roman Soletskyi, and Lewis Tunstall · 2024

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Internlm2 technical report, 2024

Original

Zheng Cai et al · 2024

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Scaling synthetic data creation with 1,000,000,000 personas, 2024

Original

Tao Ge, Xin Chan, Xiaoyang Wang, Dian Yu, Haitao Mi, and Dong Yu · 2024

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O1 replication journey–part 2: Surpassing o1-preview through simple distillation, big progress or bitter lesson?

Original

Zhen Huang, Haoyang Zou, Xuefeng Li, Yixiu Liu, Yuxiang Zheng, Ethan Chern, Shijie Xia, Yiwei Qin, Weizhe Yuan, and Pengfei Liu · 2024

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Learning to reason with llms, 2024

OpenAI · 2024

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O1 replication journey: A strategic progress report–part 1

Original

Yiwei Qin, Xuefeng Li, Haoyang Zou, Yixiu Liu, Shijie Xia, Zhen Huang, Yixin Ye, Weizhe Yuan, Hector Liu, Yuanzhi Li, et al · 2024

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GPQA: A graduate-level google-proof q&a benchmark

David Rein, Betty Li Hou, Asa Cooper Stickland, Jackson Petty, Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Julien Dirani, Julian Michael, and Samuel R. Bowman · 2024

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Deepseekmath: Pushing the limits of mathematical reasoning in open language models, 2024

Original

Zhihong Shao, Peiyi Wang, Qihao Zhu, Runxin Xu, Junxiao Song, Mingchuan Zhang, Y.K. Li, Y. Wu, and Daya Guo · 2024

Cited alongside, same era.

Hybridflow: A flexible and efficient rlhf framework

Guangming Sheng, Chi Zhang, Zilingfeng Ye, Xibin Wu, Wang Zhang, Ru Zhang, Yanghua Peng, Haibin Lin, and Chuan Wu · 2024

Cited alongside, same era.

ReFT: Reasoning with reinforced fine-tuning

Luong Trung, Xinbo Zhang, Zhanming Jie, Peng Sun, Xiaoran Jin, and Hang Li · 2024

Cited alongside, same era.

Mmlu-pro: A more robust and challenging multi-task language understanding benchmark

Original

Yubo Wang, Xueguang Ma, Ge Zhang, Yuansheng Ni, Abhranil Chandra, Shiguang Guo, Weiming Ren, Aaran Arulraj, Xuan He, Ziyan Jiang, et al · 2024

Cited alongside, same era.

Mammoth2: Scaling instructions from the web

Xiang Yue, Tuney Zheng, Ge Zhang, and Wenhu Chen · 2024

Cited alongside, same era.

O1 replication journey – part 3: Inference-time scaling for medical reasoning

Original

Zhongzhen Huang, Gui Geng, Shengyi Hua, Zhen Huang, Haoyang Zou, Shaoting Zhang, Pengfei Liu, and Xiaofan Zhang · 2025

Closest in time.

Deepscaler: Surpassing o1-preview with a 1.5b model by scaling rl

Michael Luo, Sijun Tan, Justin Wong, Xiaoxiang Shi, William Y. Tang, Manan Roongta, Colin Cai, Jeffrey Luo, Tianjun Zhang, Li Erran Li, Raluca Ada Popa, and Ion Stoica · 2025

Closest in time.

s1: Simple test-time scaling, 2025

Original

Niklas Muennighoff, Zitong Yang, Weijia Shi, Xiang Lisa Li, Li Fei-Fei, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Percy Liang, Emmanuel Candès, and Tatsunori Hashimoto · 2025

Closest in time.

Supergpqa: Scaling llm evaluation across 285 graduate disciplines, 2025

Original

M-A-P Team, Xinrun Du, Yifan Yao, Kaijing Ma, Bingli Wang, Tianyu Zheng, Kang Zhu, Minghao Liu, Yiming Liang, Xiaolong Jin, Zhenlin Wei, Chujie Zheng, Kaixin Deng, Shian Jia, Sichao Jiang, Yiyan Liao, Rui Li, Qinrui Li, Sirun Li, Yizhi Li, Yunwen Li, Dehua Ma, Yuansheng Ni, Haoran Que, Qiyao Wang, Zhoufutu Wen, Siwei Wu, Tianshun Xing, Ming Xu, Zhenzhu Yang, Zekun Moore Wang, Junting Zhou, Yuelin Bai, Xingyuan Bu, Chenglin Cai, Liang Chen, Yifan Chen, Chengtuo Cheng, Tianhao Cheng, Keyi Ding, Siming Huang, Yun Huang, Yaoru Li, Yizhe Li, Zhaoqun Li, Tianhao Liang, Chengdong Lin, Hongquan Lin, Yinghao Ma, Tianyang Pang, Zhongyuan Peng, Zifan Peng, Qige Qi, Shi Qiu, Xingwei Qu, Shanghaoran Quan, Yizhou Tan, Zili Wang, Chenqing Wang, Hao Wang, Yiya Wang, Yubo Wang, Jiajun Xu, Kexin Yang, Ruibin Yuan, Yuanhao Yue, Tianyang Zhan, Chun Zhang, Jinyang Zhang, Xiyue Zhang, Xingjian Zhang, Yue Zhang, Yongchi Zhao, Xiangyu Zheng, Chenghua Zhong, Yang Gao, Zhoujun Li, Dayiheng Liu, Qian Liu, Tianyu Liu, Shiwen Ni, Junran Peng, Yujia Qin, Wenbo Su, Guoyin Wang, Shi Wang, Jian Yang, Min Yang, Meng Cao, Xiang Yue, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Wangchunshu Zhou, Jiaheng Liu, Qunshu Lin, Wenhao Huang, and Ge Zhang · 2025