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The rapid advancement of multi-modal large reasoning models (MLRMs) -- enhanced versions of multimodal language models (MLLMs) equipped with reasoning capabilities -- has revolutionized diverse applications.
High-resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models
Robin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser, and Björn Ommer · 2022
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Vaishnavi Himakunthala, Andy Ouyang, Daniel Rose, Ryan He, Alex Mei, Yujie Lu, Chinmay Sonar, Michael Saxon, and William Yang Wang · 2023
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Chain of images for intuitively reasoning
Fanxu Meng, Haotong Yang, Yiding Wang, and Muhan Zhang · 2023
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Figstep: Jailbreaking large vision-language models via typographic visual prompts
Yichen Gong, Delong Ran, Jinyuan Liu, Conglei Wang, Tianshuo Cong, Anyu Wang, Sisi Duan, and Xiaoyun Wang · 2023
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Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al · 2023
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Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, et al · 2023
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Learning to reason with LLMs
OpenAI · 2024
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Deepseek-coder: When the large language model meets programming–the rise of code intelligence
Daya Guo, Qihao Zhu, Dejian Yang, Zhenda Xie, Kai Dong, Wentao Zhang, Guanting Chen, Xiao Bi, Yu Wu, YK Li, et al · 2024
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Deepseekmath: Pushing the limits of mathematical reasoning in open language models
Zhihong Shao, Peiyi Wang, Qihao Zhu, Runxin Xu, Junxiao Song, Xiao Bi, Haowei Zhang, Mingchuan Zhang, YK Li, Y Wu, et al · 2024
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Improve vision language model chain-of-thought reasoning
Ruohong Zhang, Bowen Zhang, Yanghao Li, Haotian Zhang, Zhiqing Sun, Zhe Gan, Yinfei Yang, Ruoming Pang, and Yiming Yang · 2024
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Insight-v: Exploring long-chain visual reasoning with multimodal large language models
Yuhao Dong, Zuyan Liu, Hai-Long Sun, Jingkang Yang, Winston Hu, Yongming Rao, and Ziwei Liu · 2024
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Xuewen Luo, Fan Ding, Yinsheng Song, Xiaofeng Zhang, and Junnyong Loo · 2024
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Thinking before looking: Improving multimodal llm reasoning via mitigating visual hallucination
Haojie Zheng, Tianyang Xu, Hanchi Sun, Shu Pu, Ruoxi Chen, and Lichao Sun · 2024
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Cantor: Inspiring multimodal chain-of-thought of mllm
Timin Gao, Peixian Chen, Mengdan Zhang, Chaoyou Fu, Yunhang Shen, Yan Zhang, Shengchuan Zhang, Xiawu Zheng, Xing Sun, Liujuan Cao, et al · 2024
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Mind’s eye of llms: Visualization-of-thought elicits spatial reasoning in large language models
Wenshan Wu, Shaoguang Mao, Yadong Zhang, Yan Xia, Li Dong, Lei Cui, and Furu Wei · 2024
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Textcot: Zoom in for enhanced multimodal text-rich image understanding
Bozhi Luan, Hao Feng, Hong Chen, Yonghui Wang, Wengang Zhou, and Houqiang Li · 2024
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Unlocking the capabilities of thought: A reasoning boundary framework to quantify and optimize chain-of-thought
Qiguang Chen, Libo Qin, Jiaqi Wang, Jingxuan Zhou, and Wanxiang Che · 2024
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Mm-safetybench: A benchmark for safety evaluation of multimodal large language models
Xin Liu, Yichen Zhu, Jindong Gu, Yunshi Lan, Chao Yang, and Yu Qiao · 2024
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Huanjin Yao, Jiaxing Huang, Wenhao Wu, Jingyi Zhang, Yibo Wang, Shunyu Liu, Yingjie Wang, Yuxin Song, Haocheng Feng, Li Shen, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Jailbreak large visual language models through multi-modal linkage
Yu Wang, Xiaofei Zhou, Yichen Wang, Geyuan Zhang, and Tianxing He · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Aaron Hurst, Adam Lerer, Adam P Goucher, Adam Perelman, Aditya Ramesh, Aidan Clark, AJ Ostrow, Akila Welihinda, Alan Hayes, Alec Radford, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Qwen2-vl: Enhancing vision-language model’s perception of the world at any resolution
Peng Wang, Shuai Bai, Sinan Tan, Shijie Wang, Zhihao Fan, Jinze Bai, Keqin Chen, Xuejing Liu, Jialin Wang, Wenbin Ge, Yang Fan, Kai Dang, Mengfei Du, Xuancheng Ren, Rui Men, Dayiheng Liu, Chang Zhou, Jingren Zhou, and Junyang Lin · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Introducing safety aligned deepseek r1 model by enkrypt ai, 2025
Adversa.ai · 2025
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Safety evaluation of deepseek models in chinese contexts
Wenjing Zhang, Xuejiao Lei, Zhaoxiang Liu, Ning Wang, Zhenhong Long, Peijun Yang, Jiaojiao Zhao, Minjie Hua, Chaoyang Ma, Kai Wang, et al · 2025
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Zhiyuan Xu, Joseph Gardiner, and Sana Belguith · 2025
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Leveraging reasoning with guidelines to elicit and utilize knowledge for enhancing safety alignment
Haoyu Wang, Zeyu Qin, Li Shen, Xueqian Wang, Minhao Cheng, and Dacheng Tao · 2025
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Llava-next: Stronger llms supercharge multimodal capabilities in the wild, May 2024
Bo Li, Kaichen Zhang, Hao Zhang, Dong Guo, Renrui Zhang, Feng Li, Yuanhan Zhang, Ziwei Liu, and Chunyuan Li · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Harmbench: A standardized evaluation framework for automated red teaming and robust refusal
Mantas Mazeika, Long Phan, Xuwang Yin, Andy Zou, Zifan Wang, Norman Mu, Elham Sakhaee, Nathaniel Li, Steven Basart, Bo Li, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Demystifying long chain-of-thought reasoning in llms
Edward Y. Chang, Yuxuan Tong, Morry Niu, Graham Neubig, and Xiang Yue · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Jingyi Zhang, Jiaxing Huang, Huanjin Yao, Shunyu Liu, Xikun Zhang, Shijian Lu, and Dacheng Tao · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
R1-zero’s “aha moment” in visual reasoning on a 2b non-sft model
Hengguang Zhou, Xirui Li, Ruochen Wang, Minhao Cheng, Tianyi Zhou, and Cho-Jui Hsieh · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Vlm-r1: A stable and generalizable r1-style large vision-language model
Haozhan Shen, Zilun Zhang, Qianqian Zhang, Ruochen Xu, and Tiancheng Zhao · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Seg-zero: Reasoning-chain guided segmentation via cognitive reinforcement
Liu Yuqi, Peng Bohao, Zhong Zhisheng, Yue Zihao, Lu Fanbin, Yu Bei, and Jia Jiaya · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Multimodal open r1
EvolvingLMMs Lab · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Manojkumar Parmar and Yuvaraj Govindarajulu · 2025
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Overthink: Slowdown attacks on reasoning llms
Abhinav Kumar, Jaechul Roh, Ali Naseh, Marzena Karpinska, Mohit Iyyer, Amir Houmansadr, and Eugene Bagdasarian · 2025
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Towards understanding the safety boundaries of deepseek models: Evaluation and findings
Zonghao Ying, Guangyi Zheng, Yongxin Huang, Deyue Zhang, Wenxin Zhang, Quanchen Zou, Aishan Liu, Xianglong Liu, and Dacheng Tao · 2025
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Safety tax: Safety alignment makes your large reasoning models less reasonable
Tiansheng Huang, Sihao Hu, Fatih Ilhan, Selim Furkan Tekin, Zachary Yahn, Yichang Xu, and Ling Liu · 2025
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A survey of safety on large vision-language models: Attacks, defenses and evaluations
Mang Ye, Xuankun Rong, Wenke Huang, Bo Du, Nenghai Yu, and Dacheng Tao · 2025
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R1-onevision: Advancing generalized multimodal reasoning through cross-modal formalization
Yi Yang, Xiaoxuan He, Hongkun Pan, Xiyan Jiang, Yan Deng, Xingtao Yang, Haoyu Lu, Dacheng Yin, Fengyun Rao, Minfeng Zhu, Bo Zhang, and Wei Chen · 2025
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Qwen2.5-vl, January 2025
Qwen Team · 2025
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Easyr1: An efficient, scalable, multi-modality rl training framework
Zheng Yaowei, Lu Junting, Wang Shenzhi, Feng Zhangchi, Kuang Dongdong, and Xiong Yuwen · 2025
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R1-onevision: Open-source multimodal large language model with reasoning
Yangyi VAI · 2025
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R1-v: Reinforcing super generalization ability in vision-language models with less than $3
Liang Chen, Lei Li, Haozhe Zhao, Yifan Song, and Vinci · 2025
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Lmm-r1: Empowering 3b lmm’s with strong reasoning abilities through two-stage rule-based rl
Peng Yingzhe, Zhang Gongrui, Zhang Miaosen, You Zhiyuan, Liu Jie, Zhu Qipeng, Yang Kai, Xu Xingzhong, Geng Xin, and Yang Xu · 2025
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O3-mini vs deepseek-r1: Which one is safer?
Aitor Arrieta, Miriam Ugarte, Pablo Valle, José Antonio Parejo, and Sergio Segura · 2025
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The hidden risks of large reasoning models: A safety assessment of r1
Kaiwen Zhou, Chengzhi Liu, Xuandong Zhao, Shreedhar Jangam, Jayanth Srinivasa, Gaowen Liu, Dawn Song, and Xin Eric Wang · 2025
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