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To succeed in common digital tasks such as web navigation, agents must carry out a variety of specialized tasks such as searching for products or planning a travel route.
Izzeddin Gur, Ulrich Rückert, Aleksandra Faust, and Dilek Hakkani-Tür · 2018
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Reinforcement learning on web interfaces using workflow-guided exploration
Evan Zheran Liu, Kelvin Guu, Panupong Pasupat, and Percy Liang · 2018
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Program synthesis and semantic parsing with learned code idioms
Eui Chul Shin, Miltiadis Allamanis, Marc Brockschmidt, and Alex Polozov · 2019
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Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei · 2020
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Offline reinforcement learning: Tutorial, review, and perspectives on open problems
Sergey Levine, Aviral Kumar, George Tucker, and Justin Fu · 2020
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Skill induction and planning with latent language
Pratyusha Sharma, Antonio Torralba, and Jacob Andreas · 2022
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Webshop: Towards scalable real-world web interaction with grounded language agents
Shunyu Yao, Howard Chen, John Yang, and Karthik Narasimhan · 2022
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Dreamcoder: growing generalizable, interpretable knowledge with wake–sleep bayesian program learning
Kevin Ellis, Lionel Wong, Maxwell Nye, Mathias Sable-Meyer, Luc Cary, Lore Anaya Pozo, Luke Hewitt, Armando Solar-Lezama, and Joshua B Tenenbaum · 2023
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Code as policies: Language model programs for embodied control
Jacky Liang, Wenlong Huang, Fei Xia, Peng Xu, Karol Hausman, Brian Ichter, Pete Florence, and Andy Zeng · 2023
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Reflexion: Language agents with verbal reinforcement learning, 2023
Noah Shinn, Federico Cassano, Edward Berman, Ashwin Gopinath, Karthik Narasimhan, and Shunyu Yao · 2023
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Voyager: An open-ended embodied agent with large language models, 2023
Guanzhi Wang, Yuqi Xie, Yunfan Jiang, Ajay Mandlekar, Chaowei Xiao, Yuke Zhu, Linxi Fan, and Anima Anandkumar · 2023
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Language to rewards for robotic skill synthesis
Wenhao Yu, Nimrod Gileadi, Chuyuan Fu, Sean Kirmani, Kuang-Huei Lee, Montserrat Gonzalez Arenas, Hao-Tien Lewis Chiang, Tom Erez, Leonard Hasenclever, Jan Humplik, brian ichter, Ted Xiao, Peng Xu, Andy Zeng, Tingnan Zhang, Nicolas Heess, Dorsa Sadigh, Jie Tan, Yuval Tassa, and Fei Xia · 2023
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Synapse: Trajectory-as-exemplar prompting with memory for computer control
Longtao Zheng, Rundong Wang, Xinrun Wang, and Bo An · 2023
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Large language models as tool makers
Tianle Cai, Xuezhi Wang, Tengyu Ma, Xinyun Chen, and Denny Zhou · 2024
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The browsergym ecosystem for web agent research
De Chezelles, Thibault Le Sellier, Maxime Gasse, Alexandre Lacoste, Alexandre Drouin, Massimo Caccia, Léo Boisvert, Megh Thakkar, Tom Marty, Rim Assouel, et al · 2024
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Mind2web: Towards a generalist agent for the web
Xiang Deng, Yu Gu, Boyuan Zheng, Shijie Chen, Sam Stevens, Boshi Wang, Huan Sun, and Yu Su · 2024
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Workarena: How capable are web agents at solving common knowledge work tasks?
Alexandre Drouin, Maxime Gasse, Massimo Caccia, Issam H Laradji, Manuel Del Verme, Tom Marty, Léo Boisvert, Megh Thakkar, Quentin Cappart, David Vazquez, et al · 2024
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Agent q: Advanced reasoning and learning for autonomous ai agents
Pranav Putta, Edmund Mills, Naman Garg, Sumeet Motwani, Chelsea Finn, Divyansh Garg, and Rafael Rafailov · 2024
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Webrl: Training llm web agents via self-evolving online curriculum reinforcement learning
Zehan Qi, Xiao Liu, Iat Long Iong, Hanyu Lai, Xueqiao Sun, Wenyi Zhao, Yu Yang, Xinyue Yang, Jiadai Sun, Shuntian Yao, et al · 2024
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Recursive introspection: Teaching language model agents how to self-improve, 2024
Yuxiao Qu, Tianjun Zhang, Naman Garg, and Aviral Kumar · 2024
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Vlm agents generate their own memories: Distilling experience into embodied programs of thought
Gabriel Sarch, Lawrence Jang, Michael Tarr, William W Cohen, Kenneth Marino, and Katerina Fragkiadaki · 2024
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Yao Fu, Dong-Ki Kim, Jaekyeom Kim, Sungryull Sohn, Lajanugen Logeswaran, Kyunghoon Bae, and Honglak Lee · 2024
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LILO: Learning interpretable libraries by compressing and documenting code
Gabriel Grand, Lionel Wong, Matthew Bowers, Theo X. Olausson, Muxin Liu, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and Jacob Andreas · 2024
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Webvoyager: Building an end-to-end web agent with large multimodal models
Hongliang He, Wenlin Yao, Kaixin Ma, Wenhao Yu, Yong Dai, Hongming Zhang, Zhenzhong Lan, and Dong Yu · 2024
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Visualwebarena: Evaluating multimodal agents on realistic visual web tasks
Jing Yu Koh, Robert Lo, Lawrence Jang, Vikram Duvvur, Ming Chong Lim, Po-Yu Huang, Graham Neubig, Shuyan Zhou, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Daniel Fried · 2024
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CLIN: A continually learning language agent for rapid task adaptation and generalization, 2024
Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder, Bhavana Dalvi, Peter Jansen, Oyvind Tafjord, Niket Tandon, Li Zhang, Chris Callison-Burch, and Peter Clark · 2024
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Synatra: Turning indirect knowledge into direct demonstrations for digital agents at scale
Tianyue Ou, Frank F. Xu, Aman Madaan, Jiarui Liu, Robert Lo, Abishek Sridhar, Sudipta Sengupta, Dan Roth, Graham Neubig, and Shuyan Zhou · 2024
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Webcanvas: Benchmarking web agents in online environments
Yichen Pan, Dehan Kong, Sida Zhou, Cheng Cui, Yifei Leng, Bing Jiang, Hangyu Liu, Yanyi Shang, Shuyan Zhou, Tongshuang Wu, and Zhengyang Wu · 2024
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Large language models can self-improve at web agent tasks
Ajay Patel, Markus Hofmarcher, Claudiu Leoveanu-Condrei, Marius-Constantin Dinu, Chris Callison-Burch, and Sepp Hochreiter · 2024
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Yifan Song, Da Yin, Xiang Yue, Jie Huang, Sujian Li, and Bill Yuchen Lin · 2024
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Learning grounded action abstractions from language
Lionel Wong, Jiayuan Mao, Pratyusha Sharma, Zachary S Siegel, Jiahai Feng, Noa Korneev, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, and Jacob Andreas · 2024
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Theagentcompany: benchmarking llm agents on consequential real world tasks
Frank F Xu, Yufan Song, Boxuan Li, Yuxuan Tang, Kritanjali Jain, Mengxue Bao, Zora Z Wang, Xuhui Zhou, Zhitong Guo, Murong Cao, et al · 2024
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τ \tau -bench: A benchmark for tool-agent-user interaction in real-world domains
Shunyu Yao, Noah Shinn, Pedram Razavi, and Karthik Narasimhan · 2024
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Assistantbench: Can web agents solve realistic and time-consuming tasks?
Ori Yoran, Samuel Joseph Amouyal, Chaitanya Malaviya, Ben Bogin, Ofir Press, and Jonathan Berant · 2024
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Omniact: A dataset and benchmark for enabling multimodal generalist autonomous agents for desktop and web
Raghav Kapoor, Yash Parag Butala, Melisa Russak, Jing Yu Koh, Kiran Kamble, Waseem AlShikh, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov · 2025
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Scaling test-time compute without verification or rl is suboptimal
Amrith Setlur, Nived Rajaraman, Sergey Levine, and Aviral Kumar · 2025
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Agenttrek: Agent trajectory synthesis via guiding replay with web tutorials
Yiheng Xu, Dunjie Lu, Zhennan Shen, Junli Wang, Zekun Wang, Yuchen Mao, Caiming Xiong, and Tao Yu · 2025
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