Fetching the paper…
Reading the bibliography…
Retrieval augmented Question Answering (QA) helps QA models overcome knowledge gaps by incorporating retrieved evidence, typically a set of passages, alongside the question at test time.
Rank analysis of incomplete block designs: I. the method of paired comparisons
Ralph Allan Bradley and Milton E. Terry · 1952
Earlier work this paper cites.
Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: A nonparametric approach
Elizabeth R. DeLong, David M. DeLong, and Daniel L. Clarke-Pearson · 1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
Combined regression and ranking
D. Sculley · 2010
Earlier work this paper cites.
Semantic parsing on Freebase from question-answer pairs
Jonathan Berant, Andrew Chou, Roy Frostig, and Percy Liang · 2013
Earlier work this paper cites.
Dropout as a bayesian approximation: Representing model uncertainty in deep learning
Yarin Gal and Zoubin Ghahramani · 2016
Earlier work this paper cites.
SQuAD: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text
Pranav Rajpurkar, Jian Zhang, Konstantin Lopyrev, and Percy Liang · 2016
Earlier work this paper cites.
Reading Wikipedia to answer open-domain questions
Danqi Chen, Adam Fisch, Jason Weston, and Antoine Bordes · 2017
Earlier work this paper cites.
On calibration of modern neural networks
Chuan Guo, Geoff Pleiss, Yu Sun, and Kilian Q. Weinberger · 2017
Earlier work this paper cites.
TriviaQA: A large scale distantly supervised challenge dataset for reading comprehension
Mandar Joshi, Eunsol Choi, Daniel Weld, and Luke Zettlemoyer · 2017
Earlier work this paper cites.
Simple and scalable predictive uncertainty estimation using deep ensembles
Balaji Lakshminarayanan, Alexander Pritzel, and Charles Blundell · 2017
Earlier work this paper cites.
Confidence modeling for neural semantic parsing
Li Dong, Chris Quirk, and Mirella Lapata · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
Hierarchical neural story generation
Angela Fan, Mike Lewis, and Yann Dauphin · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
A broad-coverage challenge corpus for sentence understanding through inference
Adina Williams, Nikita Nangia, and Samuel Bowman · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
HotpotQA: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi-hop question answering
Zhilin Yang, Peng Qi, Saizheng Zhang, Yoshua Bengio, William Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Christopher D. Manning · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
Natural questions: A benchmark for question answering research
Tom Kwiatkowski, Jennimaria Palomaki, Olivia Redfield, Michael Collins, Ankur Parikh, Chris Alberti, Danielle Epstein, Illia Polosukhin, Jacob Devlin, Kenton Lee, Kristina Toutanova, Llion Jones, Matthew Kelcey, Ming-Wei Chang, Andrew M. Dai, Jakob Uszkoreit, Quoc Le, and Slav Petrov · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
Latent retrieval for weakly supervised open domain question answering
Kenton Lee, Ming-Wei Chang, and Kristina Toutanova · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
Multi-stage document ranking with bert
Rodrigo Nogueira, Wei Yang, Kyunghyun Cho, and Jimmy J. Lin · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
Relevant and informative response generation using pointwise mutual information
Junya Takayama and Yuki Arase · 2019
Earlier work this paper cites.
Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
Retrieval augmented language model pre-training
Kelvin Guu, Kenton Lee, Zora Tung, Panupong Pasupat, and Mingwei Chang · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
The curious case of neural text degeneration
Ari Holtzman, Jan Buys, Li Du, Maxwell Forbes, and Yejin Choi · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
Selective question answering under domain shift
Amita Kamath, Robin Jia, and Percy Liang · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
Albert: A lite bert for self-supervised learning of language representations
Zhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel, Piyush Sharma, and Radu Soricut · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks
Patrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni, Vladimir Karpukhin, Naman Goyal, Heinrich Küttler, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih, Tim Rocktäschel, Sebastian Riedel, and Douwe Kiela · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
Interactive Text Ranking with Bayesian Optimization: A Case Study on Community QA and Summarization
Edwin Simpson, Yang Gao, and Iryna Gurevych · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
Uncertainty estimation using a single deep deterministic neural network
Joost Van Amersfoort, Lewis Smith, Yee Whye Teh, and Yarin Gal · 2020
Earlier work this paper cites.
Transformer feed-forward layers are key-value memories
Mor Geva, Roei Schuster, Jonathan Berant, and Omer Levy · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Leveraging passage retrieval with generative models for open domain question answering
Gautier Izacard and Edouard Grave · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
How Can We Know When Language Models Know? On the Calibration of Language Models for Question Answering
Zhengbao Jiang, Jun Araki, Haibo Ding, and Graham Neubig · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Entity-based knowledge conflicts in question answering
Shayne Longpre, Kartik Perisetla, Anthony Chen, Nikhil Ramesh, Chris DuBois, and Sameer Singh · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Evaluation paradigms in question answering
Pedro Rodriguez and Jordan Boyd-Graber · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Get your vitamin C! robust fact verification with contrastive evidence
Tal Schuster, Adam Fisch, and Regina Barzilay · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Simple entity-centric questions challenge dense retrievers
Christopher Sciavolino, Zexuan Zhong, Jinhyuk Lee, and Danqi Chen · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Retrieval augmentation reduces hallucination in conversation
Kurt Shuster, Spencer Poff, Moya Chen, Douwe Kiela, and Jason Weston · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Knowing more about questions can help: Improving calibration in question answering
Shujian Zhang, Chengyue Gong, and Eunsol Choi · 2021
Soyeong Jeong, Jinheon Baek, Sukmin Cho, Sung Ju Hwang, and Jong Park · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Realtime qa: what’s the answer right now?
Jungo Kasai, Keisuke Sakaguchi, Yoichi Takahashi, Ronan Le Bras, Akari Asai, Xinyan Velocity Yu, Dragomir Radev, Noah A. Smith, Yejin Choi, and Kentaro Inui · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Planning first, question second: An LLM-guided method for controllable question generation
Kunze Li and Yu Zhang · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Awq: Activation-aware weight quantization for on-device llm compression and acceleration
Ji Lin, Jiaming Tang, Haotian Tang, Shang Yang, Wei-Ming Chen, Wei-Chen Wang, Guangxuan Xiao, Xingyu Dang, Chuang Gan, and Song Han · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Lost in the middle: How language models use long contexts
Nelson F. Liu, Kevin Lin, John Hewitt, Ashwin Paranjape, Michele Bevilacqua, Fabio Petroni, and Percy Liang · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.
alphaXiv is searching for related work…
Cited alongside, same era.
Unsupervised dense information retrieval with contrastive learning
Gautier Izacard, Mathilde Caron, Lucas Hosseini, Sebastian Riedel, Piotr Bojanowski, Armand Joulin, and Edouard Grave · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Language models (mostly) know what they know, 2022
Saurav Kadavath, Tom Conerly, Amanda Askell, Tom Henighan, Dawn Drain, Ethan Perez, Nicholas Schiefer, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Nova DasSarma, Eli Tran-Johnson, Scott Johnston, Sheer El-Showk, Andy Jones, Nelson Elhage, Tristan Hume, Anna Chen, Yuntao Bai, Sam Bowman, Stanislav Fort, Deep Ganguli, Danny Hernandez, Josh Jacobson, Jackson Kernion, Shauna Kravec, Liane Lovitt, Kamal Ndousse, Catherine Olsson, Sam Ringer, Dario Amodei, Tom Brown, Jack Clark, Nicholas Joseph, Ben Mann, Sam McCandlish, Chris Olah, and Jared Kaplan · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Teaching models to express their uncertainty in words
Stephanie Lin, Jacob Hilton, and Owain Evans · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Reducing conversational agents’ overconfidence through linguistic calibration
Sabrina J. Mielke, Arthur Szlam, Emily Dinan, and Y-Lan Boureau · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Medmcqa: A large-scale multi-subject multi-choice dataset for medical domain question answering
Ankit Pal, Logesh Kumar Umapathi, and Malaikannan Sankarasubbu · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
ASQA: Factoid questions meet long-form answers
Ivan Stelmakh, Yi Luan, Bhuwan Dhingra, and Ming-Wei Chang · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Fine-tuning llama for multi-stage text retrieval
Xueguang Ma, Liang Wang, Nan Yang, Furu Wei, and Jimmy Lin · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeff Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll L. Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, John Schulman, Jacob Hilton, Fraser Kelton, Luke Miller, Maddie Simens, Amanda Askell, Peter Welinder, Paul Christiano, Jan Leike, and Ryan Lowe · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Enhancing robustness of retrieval-augmented language models with in-context learning
SeongIl Park, Seungwoo Choi, Nahyun Kim, and Jay-Yoon Lee · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Gemma 2: Improving open language models at a practical size
Gemma Team Morgane Riviere, Shreya Pathak, Pier Giuseppe Sessa, Cassidy Hardin, Surya Bhupatiraju, L’eonard Hussenot, Thomas Mesnard, Bobak Shahriari, Alexandre Ram’e, Johan Ferret, Peter Liu, Pouya Dehghani Tafti, Abe Friesen, Michelle Casbon, Sabela Ramos, Ravin Kumar, Charline Le Lan, Sammy Jerome, Anton Tsitsulin, Nino Vieillard, Piotr Stańczyk, Sertan Girgin, Nikola Momchev, Matt Hoffman, Shantanu Thakoor, Jean-Bastien Grill, Behnam Neyshabur, Alanna Walton, Aliaksei Severyn, Alicia Parrish, Aliya Ahmad, Allen Hutchison, Alvin Abdagic, Amanda Carl, Amy Shen, Andy Brock, Andy Coenen, Anthony Laforge, Antonia Paterson, Ben Bastian, Bilal Piot, Boxi Wu, Brandon Royal, Charlie Chen, Chintu Kumar, Chris Perry, Christoper A. Welty, Christopher A. Choquette-Choo, Danila Sinopalnikov, David Weinberger, Dimple Vijaykumar, Dominika Rogozi’nska, D. Herbison, Elisa Bandy, Emma Wang, Eric Noland, Erica Moreira, Evan Senter, Evgenii Eltyshev, Francesco Visin, Gabriel Rasskin, Gary Wei, Glenn Cameron, Gus Martins, Hadi Hashemi, Hanna Klimczak-Pluci’nska, Harleen Batra, Harsh Dhand, Ivan Nardini, Jacinda Mein, Jack Zhou, James Svensson, Jeff Stanway, Jetha Chan, Jin Zhou, Joana Carrasqueira, Joana Iljazi, Jocelyn Becker, Joe Fernandez, Joost R. van Amersfoort, Josh Gordon, Josh Lipschultz, Joshua Newlan, Junsong Ji, Kareem Mohamed, Kartikeya Badola, Kat Black, Katie Millican, Keelin McDonell, Kelvin Nguyen, Kiranbir Sodhia, Kish Greene, Lars Lowe Sjoesund, Lauren Usui, L. Sifre, L. Heuermann, Leticia Lago, Lilly McNealus, Livio Baldini Soares, Logan Kilpatrick, Lucas Dixon, Luciano Martins, Machel Reid, Manvinder Singh, Mark Iverson, Martin Gorner, Mat Velloso, Mateo Wirth, Matt Davidow, Matt Miller, Matthew Rahtz, Matthew Watson, Meg Risdal, Mehran Kazemi, Michael Moynihan, Ming Zhang, Minsuk Kahng, Minwoo Park, Mofi Rahman, Mohit Khatwani, Natalie Dao, Nenshad Bardoliwalla, Nesh Devanathan, Neta Dumai, Nilay Chauhan, Oscar Wahltinez, Pankil Botarda, Parker Barnes, Paul Barham, Paul Michel, Pengchong Jin, Petko Georgiev, Phil Culliton, Pradeep Kuppala, Ramona Comanescu, Ramona Merhej, Reena Jana, Reza Rokni, Rishabh Agarwal, Ryan Mullins, Samaneh Saadat, S. Mc Carthy, Sarah Perrin, S’ebastien Arnold, Sebastian Krause, Shengyang Dai, Shruti Garg, Shruti Sheth, Sue Ronstrom, Susan Chan, Timothy Jordan, Ting Yu, Tom Eccles, Tom Hennigan, Tomás Kociský, Tulsee Doshi, Vihan Jain, Vikas Yadav, Vilobh Meshram, Vishal Dharmadhikari, Warren Barkley, Wei Wei, Wenming Ye, Woohyun Han, Woosuk Kwon, Xiang Xu, Zhe Shen, Zhitao Gong, Zichuan Wei, Victor Cotruta, Phoebe Kirk, Anand Rao, Minh Giang, Ludovic Peran, Tris Brian Warkentin, Eli Collins, Joelle Barral, Zoubin Ghahramani, Raia Hadsell, D. Sculley, Jeanine Banks, Anca Dragan, Slav Petrov, Oriol Vinyals, Jeffrey Dean, Demis Hassabis, Koray Kavukcuoglu, Cl’ement Farabet, Elena Buchatskaya, Sebastian Borgeaud, Noah Fiedel, Armand Joulin, Kathleen Kenealy, Robert Dadashi, and Alek Andreev · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Head-to-tail: How knowledgeable are large language models (LLMs)? A.K.A. will LLMs replace knowledge graphs?
Kai Sun, Yifan Xu, Hanwen Zha, Yue Liu, and Xin Luna Dong · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
FreshLLMs: Refreshing large language models with search engine augmentation
Tu Vu, Mohit Iyyer, Xuezhi Wang, Noah Constant, Jerry Wei, Jason Wei, Chris Tar, Yun-Hsuan Sung, Denny Zhou, Quoc Le, and Thang Luong · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Rear: A relevance-aware retrieval-augmented framework for open-domain question answering
Yuhao Wang, Ruiyang Ren, Junyi Li, Wayne Xin Zhao, Jing Liu, and Ji-Rong Wen · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Measuring short-form factuality in large language models, 2024
Jason Wei, Nguyen Karina, Hyung Won Chung, Yunxin Joy Jiao, Spencer Papay, Amelia Glaese, John Schulman, and William Fedus · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Adaptive chameleon or stubborn sloth: Revealing the behavior of large language models in knowledge conflicts
Jian Xie, Kai Zhang, Jiangjie Chen, Renze Lou, and Yu Su · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
RECOMP: Improving retrieval-augmented LMs with context compression and selective augmentation
Fangyuan Xu, Weijia Shi, and Eunsol Choi · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
An Yang, Baosong Yang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chang Zhou, Chengpeng Li, Chengyuan Li, Dayiheng Liu, Fei Huang, Guanting Dong, Haoran Wei, Huan Lin, Jialong Tang, Jialin Wang, Jian Yang, Jianhong Tu, Jianwei Zhang, Jianxin Ma, Jin Xu, Jingren Zhou, Jinze Bai, Jinzheng He, Junyang Lin, Kai Dang, Keming Lu, Keqin Chen, Kexin Yang, Mei Li, Mingfeng Xue, Na Ni, Pei Zhang, Peng Wang, Ru Peng, Rui Men, Ruize Gao, Runji Lin, Shijie Wang, Shuai Bai, Sinan Tan, Tianhang Zhu, Tianhao Li, Tianyu Liu, Wenbin Ge, Xiaodong Deng, Xiaohuan Zhou, Xingzhang Ren, Xinyu Zhang, Xipin Wei, Xuancheng Ren, Yang Fan, Yang Yao, Yichang Zhang, Yu Wan, Yunfei Chu, Yuqiong Liu, Zeyu Cui, Zhenru Zhang, and Zhihao Fan · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Seakr: Self-aware knowledge retrieval for adaptive retrieval augmented generation, 2024
Zijun Yao, Weijian Qi, Liangming Pan, Shulin Cao, Linmei Hu, Weichuan Liu, Lei Hou, and Juanzi Li · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Making retrieval-augmented language models robust to irrelevant context
Ori Yoran, Tomer Wolfson, Ori Ram, and Jonathan Berant · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
LUQ: Long-text uncertainty quantification for LLMs
Caiqi Zhang, Fangyu Liu, Marco Basaldella, and Nigel Collier · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Fine-grained natural language inference based faithfulness evaluation for diverse summarisation tasks
Huajian Zhang, Yumo Xu, and Laura Perez-Beltrachini · 2024
Later among the works it cites.
Know what you do not know: Verbalized uncertainty estimation robustness on corrupted images in vision-language models
Mirko Borszukovszki, Ivo Pascal De Jong, and Matias Valdenegro-Toro · 2025
Closest in time.
Cub: Benchmarking context utilisation techniques for language models, 2025
Lovisa Hagström, Youna Kim, Haeun Yu, Sang goo Lee, Richard Johansson, Hyunsoo Cho, and Isabelle Augenstein · 2025
Closest in time.
Sufficient context: A new lens on retrieval augmented generation systems
Hailey Joren, Jianyi Zhang, Chun-Sung Ferng, Da-Cheng Juan, Ankur Taly, and Cyrus Rashtchian · 2025
Closest in time.
Explore what llm does not know in complex question answering
Xin Lin, Zhenya Huang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Jun Zhou, and Enhong Chen · 2025
Closest in time.
A survey on uncertainty quantification of large language models: Taxonomy, open research challenges, and future directions
Ola Shorinwa, Zhiting Mei, Justin Lidard, Allen Z. Ren, and Anirudha Majumdar · 2025
Closest in time.
Trust me, i’m wrong: High-certainty hallucinations in llms, 2025
Adi Simhi, Itay Itzhak, Fazl Barez, Gabriel Stanovsky, and Yonatan Belinkov · 2025
Closest in time.
Why uncertainty estimation methods fall short in RAG: An axiomatic analysis
Heydar Soudani, Evangelos Kanoulas, and Faegheh Hasibi · 2025
Closest in time.
ReDeEP: Detecting hallucination in retrieval-augmented generation via mechanistic interpretability
ZhongXiang Sun, Xiaoxue Zang, Kai Zheng, Jun Xu, Xiao Zhang, Weijie Yu, Yang Song, and Han Li · 2025
Closest in time.
GRACE: A granular benchmark for evaluating model calibration against human calibration
Yoo Yeon Sung, Eve Fleisig, Yu Hou, Ishan Upadhyay, and Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber · 2025
Closest in time.