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Can scaling transform reasoning? In this work, we explore the untapped potential of scaling Long Chain-of-Thought (Long-CoT) data to 1000k samples, pioneering the development of a slow-thinking model, RedStar.
Curriculum learning
Yoshua Bengio, Jérôme Louradour, Ronan Collobert, and Jason Weston · 2009
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Proximal policy optimization algorithms, 2017
John Schulman, Filip Wolski, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alec Radford, and Oleg Klimov · 2017
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Thinking fast and slow with deep learning and tree search
Thomas Anthony, Zheng Tian, and David Barber · 2017
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Mastering the game of go without human knowledge
David Silver, Julian Schrittwieser, Karen Simonyan, Ioannis Antonoglou, Aja Huang, Arthur Guez, Thomas Hubert, Lucas Baker, Matthew Lai, Adrian Bolton, et al · 2017
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Triviaqa: A large scale distantly supervised challenge dataset for reading comprehension
Mandar Joshi, Eunsol Choi, Daniel S Weld, and Luke Zettlemoyer · 2017
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Race: Large-scale reading comprehension dataset from examinations
Guokun Lai, Qizhe Xie, Hanxiao Liu, Yiming Yang, and Eduard Hovy · 2017
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Think you have solved question answering? try arc, the ai2 reasoning challenge
Peter Clark, Isaac Cowhey, Oren Etzioni, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, Carissa Schoenick, and Oyvind Tafjord · 2018
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Hellaswag: Can a machine really finish your sentence?
Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, and Yejin Choi · 2019
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Natural questions: a benchmark for question answering research
Tom Kwiatkowski, Jennimaria Palomaki, Olivia Redfield, Michael Collins, Ankur Parikh, Chris Alberti, Danielle Epstein, Illia Polosukhin, Jacob Devlin, Kenton Lee, et al · 2019
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Retrieval augmented language model pre-training
Kelvin Guu, Kenton Lee, Zora Tung, Panupong Pasupat, and Mingwei Chang · 2020
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Measuring massive multitask language understanding
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2020
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Measuring mathematical problem solving with the math dataset, 2021
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Saurav Kadavath, Akul Arora, Steven Basart, Eric Tang, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2021
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Geoqa: A geometric question answering benchmark towards multimodal numerical reasoning
Jiaqi Chen, Jianheng Tang, Jinghui Qin, Xiaodan Liang, Lingbo Liu, Eric P Xing, and Liang Lin · 2021
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Inter-gps: Interpretable geometry problem solving with formal language and symbolic reasoning
Pan Lu, Ran Gong, Shibiao Jiang, Liang Qiu, Siyuan Huang, Xiaodan Liang, and Song-Chun Zhu · 2021
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Winogrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale
Keisuke Sakaguchi, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, and Yejin Choi · 2021
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Challenging big-bench tasks and whether chain-of-thought can solve them
Mirac Suzgun, Nathan Scales, Nathanael Schärli, Sebastian Gehrmann, Yi Tay, Hyung Won Chung, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Quoc V Le, Ed H Chi, Denny Zhou, et al · 2022
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Mathvista: Evaluating mathematical reasoning of foundation models in visual contexts
Pan Lu, Hritik Bansal, Tony Xia, Jiacheng Liu, Chunyuan Li, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Hao Cheng, Kai-Wei Chang, Michel Galley, and Jianfeng Gao · 2023
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A multi-modal neural geometric solver with textual clauses parsed from diagram
Ming-Liang Zhang, Fei Yin, and Cheng-Lin Liu · 2023
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Reinforced self-training (rest) for language modeling
Caglar Gulcehre, Tom Le Paine, Srivatsan Srinivasan, Ksenia Konyushkova, Lotte Weerts, Abhishek Sharma, Aditya Siddhant, Alex Ahern, Miaosen Wang, Chenjie Gu, et al · 2023
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Beyond human data: Scaling self-training for problem-solving with language models
Avi Singh, John D Co-Reyes, Rishabh Agarwal, Ankesh Anand, Piyush Patil, Xavier Garcia, Peter J Liu, James Harrison, Jaehoon Lee, Kelvin Xu, et al · 2023
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Haotian Xu · 2023
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Code llama: Open foundation models for code
Baptiste Roziere, Jonas Gehring, Fabian Gloeckle, Sten Sootla, Itai Gat, Xiaoqing Ellen Tan, Yossi Adi, Jingyu Liu, Tal Remez, Jérémy Rapin, et al · 2023
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Longlora: Efficient fine-tuning of long-context large language models
Yukang Chen, Shengju Qian, Haotian Tang, Xin Lai, Zhijian Liu, Song Han, and Jiaya Jia · 2023
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Gpqa: A graduate-level google-proof q&a benchmark
David Rein, Betty Li Hou, Asa Cooper Stickland, Jackson Petty, Richard Yuanzhe Pang, Julien Dirani, Julian Michael, and Samuel R Bowman · 2023
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Instruction-following evaluation for large language models
Jeffrey Zhou, Tianjian Lu, Swaroop Mishra, Siddhartha Brahma, Sujoy Basu, Yi Luan, Denny Zhou, and Le Hou · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Geox: Geometric problem solving through unified formalized vision-language pre-training
Renqiu Xia, Mingsheng Li, Hancheng Ye, Wenjie Wu, Hongbin Zhou, Jiakang Yuan, Tianshuo Peng, Xinyu Cai, Xiangchao Yan, Bin Wang, et al · 2024
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o1-coder: an o1 replication for coding
Yuxiang Zhang, Shangxi Wu, Yuqi Yang, Jiangming Shu, Jinlin Xiao, Chao Kong, and Jitao Sang · 2024
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Marco-o1: Towards open reasoning models for open-ended solutions
Yu Zhao, Huifeng Yin, Bo Zeng, Hao Wang, Tianqi Shi, Chenyang Lyu, Longyue Wang, Weihua Luo, and Kaifu Zhang · 2024
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Drt-o1: Optimized deep reasoning translation via long chain-of-thought
Jiaan Wang, Fandong Meng, Yunlong Liang, and Jie Zhou · 2024
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Marco-o1: Towards open reasoning models for open-ended solutions, 2024
Yu Zhao, Huifeng Yin, Bo Zeng, Hao Wang, Tianqi Shi, Chenyang Lyu, Longyue Wang, Weihua Luo, and Kaifu Zhang · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
O1 replication journey: A strategic progress report – part 1
Yiwei Qin, Xuefeng Li, Haoyang Zou, Yixiu Liu, Shijie Xia, Zhen Huang, Yixin Ye, Weizhe Yuan, Hector Liu, Yuanzhi Li, and Pengfei Liu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Technical report: Enhancing llm reasoning with reward-guided tree search, 2024
Jinhao Jiang, Zhipeng Chen, Yingqian Min, Jie Chen, Xiaoxue Cheng, Jiapeng Wang, Yiru Tang, Haoxiang Sun, Jia Deng, Wayne Xin Zhao, Zheng Liu, Dong Yan, Jian Xie, Zhongyuan Wang, and Ji-Rong Wen · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
O1 replication journey – part 2: Surpassing o1-preview through simple distillation, big progress or bitter lesson?, 2024
Zhen Huang, Haoyang Zou, Xuefeng Li, Yixiu Liu, Yuxiang Zheng, Ethan Chern, Shijie Xia, Yiwei Qin, Weizhe Yuan, and Pengfei Liu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Imitate, explore, and self-improve: A reproduction report on slow-thinking reasoning systems, 2024
Yingqian Min, Zhipeng Chen, Jinhao Jiang, Jie Chen, Jia Deng, Yiwen Hu, Yiru Tang, Jiapeng Wang, Xiaoxue Cheng, Huatong Song, Wayne Xin Zhao, Zheng Liu, Zhongyuan Wang, and Ji-Rong Wen · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Insight-v: Exploring long-chain visual reasoning with multimodal large language models
Yuhao Dong, Zuyan Liu, Hai-Long Sun, Jingkang Yang, Winston Hu, Yongming Rao, and Ziwei Liu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Atomthink: A slow thinking framework for multimodal mathematical reasoning
Kun Xiang, Zhili Liu, Zihao Jiang, Yunshuang Nie, Runhui Huang, Haoxiang Fan, Hanhui Li, Weiran Huang, Yihan Zeng, Jianhua Han, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Metamath: Bootstrap your own mathematical questions for large language models, 2024
Longhui Yu, Weisen Jiang, Han Shi, Jincheng Yu, Zhengying Liu, Yu Zhang, James T. Kwok, Zhenguo Li, Adrian Weller, and Weiyang Liu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Junying Chen, Zhenyang Cai, Ke Ji, Xidong Wang, Wanlong Liu, Rongsheng Wang, Jianye Hou, and Benyou Wang · 2024
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g1, 2024
2024
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Reft: Reasoning with reinforced fine-tuning
Trung Quoc Luong, Xinbo Zhang, Zhanming Jie, Peng Sun, Xiaoran Jin, and Hang Li · 2024
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Rest-mcts*: Llm self-training via process reward guided tree search
Dan Zhang, Sining Zhoubian, Ziniu Hu, Yisong Yue, Yuxiao Dong, and Jie Tang · 2024
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Quiet-star: Language models can teach themselves to think before speaking
Eric Zelikman, Georges Harik, Yijia Shao, Varuna Jayasiri, Nick Haber, and Noah D Goodman · 2024
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V-star: Training verifiers for self-taught reasoners
Arian Hosseini, Xingdi Yuan, Nikolay Malkin, Aaron Courville, Alessandro Sordoni, and Rishabh Agarwal · 2024
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Scaling of search and learning: A roadmap to reproduce o1 from reinforcement learning perspective
Zhiyuan Zeng, Qinyuan Cheng, Zhangyue Yin, Bo Wang, Shimin Li, Yunhua Zhou, Qipeng Guo, Xuanjing Huang, and Xipeng Qiu · 2024
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Quest: Query-centric data synthesis approach for long-context scaling of large language model
Chaochen Gao, Xing Wu, Qi Fu, and Songlin Hu · 2024
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Processbench: Identifying process errors in mathematical reasoning, 2024
Chujie Zheng, Zhenru Zhang, Beichen Zhang, Runji Lin, Keming Lu, Bowen Yu, Dayiheng Liu, Jingren Zhou, and Junyang Lin · 2024
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Openai o1-mini: Advancing cost-efficient reasoning, 2024, 2024
2024
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Cmmu: A benchmark for chinese multi-modal multi-type question understanding and reasoning
Zheqi He, Xinya Wu, Pengfei Zhou, Richeng Xuan, Guang Liu, Xi Yang, Qiannan Zhu, and Hua Huang · 2024
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C-eval: A multi-level multi-discipline chinese evaluation suite for foundation models
Yuzhen Huang, Yuzhuo Bai, Zhihao Zhu, Junlei Zhang, Jinghan Zhang, Tangjun Su, Junteng Liu, Chuancheng Lv, Yikai Zhang, Yao Fu, et al · 2024
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Mmlu-pro: A more robust and challenging multi-task language understanding benchmark
Yubo Wang, Xueguang Ma, Ge Zhang, Yuansheng Ni, Abhranil Chandra, Shiguang Guo, Weiming Ren, Aaran Arulraj, Xuan He, Ziyan Jiang, et al · 2024
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Qwen2.5: A party of foundation models, September 2024
Qwen Team · 2024
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Qwq: Reflect deeply on the boundaries of the unknown, November 2024
Qwen Team · 2024
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Virgo: A preliminary exploration on reproducing o1-like mllm
Yifan Du, Zikang Liu, Yifan Li, Wayne Xin Zhao, Yuqi Huo, Bingning Wang, Weipeng Chen, Zheng Liu, Zhongyuan Wang, and Ji-Rong Wen · 2025
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