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Data contamination hinders fair LLM evaluation by introducing test data into newer models' training sets.
Computing inter-rater reliability and its variance in the presence of high agreement
Kilem Li Gwet. 2008 · 2008
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Wikidata: A free collaborative knowledgebase
Denny Vrandečić and Markus Krötzsch. 2014 · 2014
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SQuAD: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text
Pranav Rajpurkar, Jian Zhang, Konstantin Lopyrev, and Percy Liang. 2016 · 2016
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Think you have solved question answering? try arc, the ai2 reasoning challenge
Peter Clark, Isaac Cowhey, Oren Etzioni, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, Carissa Schoenick, and Oyvind Tafjord. 2018 · 2018
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The narrativeqa reading comprehension challenge
Tomáš Kočiskỳ, Jonathan Schwarz, Phil Blunsom, Chris Dyer, Karl Moritz Hermann, Gábor Melis, and Edward Grefenstette. 2018 · 2018
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Hotpotqa: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi-hop question answering
Zhilin Yang, Peng Qi, Saizheng Zhang, Yoshua Bengio, William Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Christopher D Manning. 2018 · 2018
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Language models are unsupervised multitask learners
Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, Ilya Sutskever, et al. 2019 · 2019
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Short text topic modeling with topic distribution quantization and negative sampling decoder
Xiaobao Wu, Chunping Li, Yan Zhu, and Yishu Miao. 2020 · 2020
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Training verifiers to solve math word problems
Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Mark Chen, Heewoo Jun, Lukasz Kaiser, Matthias Plappert, Jerry Tworek, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, Christopher Hesse, and John Schulman. 2021 · 2021
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Measuring massive multitask language understanding
Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, Dawn Song, and Jacob Steinhardt. 2021 · 2021
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Dynabench: Rethinking benchmarking in nlp
Douwe Kiela, Max Bartolo, Yixin Nie, Divyansh Kaushik, Atticus Geiger, Zhengxuan Wu, Bertie Vidgen, Grusha Prasad, Amanpreet Singh, Pratik Ringshia, et al. 2021 · 2021
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Dynasent: A dynamic benchmark for sentiment analysis
Christopher Potts, Zhengxuan Wu, Atticus Geiger, and Douwe Kiela. 2021 · 2021
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Streamingqa: A benchmark for adaptation to new knowledge over time in question answering models
Adam Liska, Tomas Kocisky, Elena Gribovskaya, Tayfun Terzi, Eren Sezener, Devang Agrawal, D’Autume Cyprien De Masson, Tim Scholtes, Manzil Zaheer, Susannah Young, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Data contamination: From memorization to exploitation
Inbal Magar and Roy Schwartz. 2022 · 2022
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Beyond the imitation game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models
Aarohi Srivastava, Abhinav Rastogi, Abhishek Rao, Abu Awal Md Shoeb, Abubakar Abid, Adam Fisch, Adam R Brown, Adam Santoro, Aditya Gupta, Adrià Garriga-Alonso, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Dynatask: A framework for creating dynamic ai benchmark tasks
Tristan Thrush, Kushal Tirumala, Anmol Gupta, Max Bartolo, Pedro Rodriguez, Tariq Kane, William Gaviria Rojas, Peter Mattson, Adina Williams, and Douwe Kiela. 2022 · 2022
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Mitigating data sparsity for short text topic modeling by topic-semantic contrastive learning
Xiaobao Wu, Anh Tuan Luu, and Xinshuai Dong. 2022 · 2022
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Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Vicuna: An open-source chatbot impressing gpt-4 with 90%* chatgpt quality
Wei-Lin Chiang, Zhuohan Li, Zi Lin, Ying Sheng, Zhanghao Wu, Hao Zhang, Lianmin Zheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Yonghao Zhuang, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Ion Stoica, and Eric P. Xing. 2023 · 2023
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Alon Jacovi, Avi Caciularu, Omer Goldman, and Yoav Goldberg. 2023 · 2023
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Albert Q Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Arthur Mensch, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de las Casas, Florian Bressand, Gianna Lengyel, Guillaume Lample, Lucile Saulnier, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Realtime qa: what’s the answer right now?
Jungo Kasai, Keisuke Sakaguchi, Yoichi Takahashi, Ronan Le Bras, Akari Asai, Xinyan Velocity Yu, Dragomir Radev, Noah A Smith, Yejin Choi, and Kentaro Inui. 2023 · 2023
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How long can open-source llms truly promise on context length?
Dacheng Li*, Rulin Shao*, Anze Xie, Ying Sheng, Lianmin Zheng, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Ion Stoica, Xuezhe Ma, and Hao Zhang. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
An open source data contamination report for llama series models
Yucheng Li. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Abhimanyu Dubey, Abhinav Jauhri, Abhinav Pandey, Abhishek Kadian, Ahmad Al-Dahle, Aiesha Letman, Akhil Mathur, Alan Schelten, Amy Yang, Angela Fan, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Xiezhi: An ever-updating benchmark for holistic domain knowledge evaluation
Zhouhong Gu, Xiaoxuan Zhu, Haoning Ye, Lin Zhang, Jianchen Wang, Yixin Zhu, Sihang Jiang, Zhuozhi Xiong, Zihan Li, Weijie Wu, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Livecodebench: Holistic and contamination free evaluation of large language models for code
Naman Jain, King Han, Alex Gu, Wen-Ding Li, Fanjia Yan, Tianjun Zhang, Sida Wang, Armando Solar-Lezama, Koushik Sen, and Ion Stoica. 2024 · 2024
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Investigating data contamination for pre-training language models
Minhao Jiang, Ken Ziyu Liu, Ming Zhong, Rylan Schaeffer, Siru Ouyang, Jiawei Han, and Sanmi Koyejo. 2024 · 2024
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alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.
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Yonatan Oren, Nicole Meister, Niladri S Chatterji, Faisal Ladhak, and Tatsunori Hashimoto. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Fact-checking complex claims with program-guided reasoning
Liangming Pan, Xiaobao Wu, Xinyuan Lu, Anh Tuan Luu, William Yang Wang, Min-Yen Kan, and Preslav Nakov. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
To the cutoff… and beyond? a longitudinal perspective on llm data contamination
Manley Roberts, Himanshu Thakur, Christine Herlihy, Colin White, and Samuel Dooley. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Nlp evaluation in trouble: On the need to measure llm data contamination for each benchmark
Oscar Sainz, Jon Ander Campos, Iker García-Ferrero, Julen Etxaniz, Oier Lopez de Lacalle, and Eneko Agirre. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Pretraining on the test set is all you need
Rylan Schaeffer. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, et al. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
InfoCTM: A mutual information maximization perspective of cross-lingual topic modeling
Xiaobao Wu, Xinshuai Dong, Thong Nguyen, Chaoqun Liu, Liang-Ming Pan, and Anh Tuan Luu. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Rethinking benchmark and contamination for language models with rephrased samples
Shuo Yang, Wei-Lin Chiang, Lianmin Zheng, Joseph E Gonzalez, and Ion Stoica. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Seyed Mahed Mousavi, Simone Alghisi, and Giuseppe Riccardi. 2024 · 2024
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Training on the benchmark is not all you need
Shiwen Ni, Xiangtao Kong, Chengming Li, Xiping Hu, Ruifeng Xu, Jia Zhu, and Min Yang. 2024 · 2024
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Are LLMs good zero-shot fallacy classifiers?
Fengjun Pan, Xiaobao Wu, Zongrui Li, and Anh Tuan Luu. 2024 · 2024
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Varbench: Robust language model benchmarking through dynamic variable perturbation
Kun Qian, Shunji Wan, Claudia Tang, Youzhi Wang, Xuanming Zhang, Maximillian Chen, and Zhou Yu. 2024 · 2024
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Functional benchmarks for robust evaluation of reasoning performance, and the reasoning gap
Saurabh Srivastava, Anto PV, Shashank Menon, Ajay Sukumar, Alan Philipose, Stevin Prince, Sooraj Thomas, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Livebench: A challenging, contamination-free llm benchmark
Colin White, Samuel Dooley, Manley Roberts, Arka Pal, Ben Feuer, Siddhartha Jain, Ravid Shwartz-Ziv, Neel Jain, Khalid Saifullah, Siddartha Naidu, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Modeling dynamic topics in chain-free fashion by evolution-tracking contrastive learning and unassociated word exclusion
Xiaobao Wu, Xinshuai Dong, Liangming Pan, Thong Nguyen, and Anh Tuan Luu. 2024a · 2024
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AKEW: Assessing knowledge editing in the wild
Xiaobao Wu, Liangming Pan, William Yang Wang, and Anh Tuan Luu. 2024f · 2024
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Let llms take on the latest challenges! a chinese dynamic question answering benchmark
Zhikun Xu, Yinghui Li, Ruixue Ding, Xinyu Wang, Boli Chen, Yong Jiang, Xiaodong Deng, Jianxin Ma, Hai-Tao Zheng, Wenlian Lu, et al. 2024 · 2024
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An Yang, Baosong Yang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chang Zhou, Chengpeng Li, Chengyuan Li, Dayiheng Liu, Fei Huang, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Automating dataset updates towards reliable and timely evaluation of large language models
Jiahao Ying, Yixin Cao, Yushi Bai, Qianru Sun, Bo Wang, Wei Tang, Zhaojun Ding, Yizhe Yang, Xuanjing Huang, and Shuicheng Yan. 2024 · 2024
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A careful examination of large language model performance on grade school arithmetic
Hugh Zhang, Jeff Da, Dean Lee, Vaughn Robinson, Catherine Wu, Will Song, Tiffany Zhao, Pranav Raja, Dylan Slack, Qin Lyu, et al. 2024 · 2024
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Rulearena: A benchmark for rule-guided reasoning with llms in real-world scenarios
Ruiwen Zhou, Wenyue Hua, Liangming Pan, Sitao Cheng, Xiaobao Wu, En Yu, and William Yang Wang. 2024 · 2024
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Xiaobao Wu. 2025 · 2025
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A survey of recent backdoor attacks and defenses in large language models
Shuai Zhao, Meihuizi Jia, Zhongliang Guo, Leilei Gan, Xiaoyu Xu, Xiaobao Wu, Jie Fu, Yichao Feng, Fengjun Pan, and Anh Tuan Luu. 2025 · 2025
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