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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are transforming the capabilities of graphical user interface (GUI) agents, facilitating their transition from controlled simulations to complex, real-world applications across various platforms.
Deep fragment embeddings for bidirectional image sentence mapping
Andrej Karpathy, Armand Joulin, and Li F Fei-Fei · 2014
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Generation and comprehension of unambiguous object descriptions
Junhua Mao, Jonathan Huang, Alexander Toshev, Oana Camburu, Alan L Yuille, and Kevin Murphy · 2016
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Modeling context in referring expressions
Licheng Yu, Patrick Poirson, Shan Yang, Alexander C Berg, and Tamara L Berg · 2016
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Rico: A mobile app dataset for building data-driven design applications
Biplab Deka, Zifeng Huang, Chad Franzen, Joshua Hibschman, Daniel Afergan, Yang Li, Jeffrey Nichols, and Ranjitha Kumar · 2017
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World of bits: An open-domain platform for web-based agents
Tianlin Shi, Andrej Karpathy, Linxi Fan, Jonathan Hernandez, and Percy Liang · 2017
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An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale
Alexey Dosovitskiy, Lucas Beyer, Alexander Kolesnikov, Dirk Weissenborn, Xiaohua Zhai, Thomas Unterthiner, Mostafa Dehghani, Matthias Minderer, Georg Heigold, Sylvain Gelly, et al · 2020
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Widget captioning: Generating natural language description for mobile user interface elements
Yang Li, Gang Li, Luheng He, Jingjie Zheng, Hong Li, and Zhiwei Guan · 2020
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Minilm: Deep self-attention distillation for task-agnostic compression of pre-trained transformers
Wenhui Wang, Furu Wei, Li Dong, Hangbo Bao, Nan Yang, and Ming Zhou · 2020
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Uibert: Learning generic multimodal representations for ui understanding
Chongyang Bai, Xiaoxue Zang, Ying Xu, Srinivas Sunkara, Abhinav Rastogi, Jindong Chen, and Blaise Agüera y Arcas · 2021
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Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, et al · 2021
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LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Edward J Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen · 2022
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A data-driven approach for learning to control computers
Peter C Humphreys, David Raposo, Tobias Pohlen, Gregory Thornton, Rachita Chhaparia, Alistair Muldal, Josh Abramson, Petko Georgiev, Adam Santoro, and Timothy Lillicrap · 2022
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Spotlight: Mobile ui understanding using vision-language models with a focus
Gang Li and Yang Li · 2022
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Webshop: Towards scalable real-world web interaction with grounded language agents
Shunyu Yao, Howard Chen, John Yang, and Karthik Narasimhan · 2022
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Qwen-vl: A versatile vision-language model for understanding, localization, text reading, and beyond
Jinze Bai, Shuai Bai, Shusheng Yang, Shijie Wang, Sinan Tan, Peng Wang, Junyang Lin, Chang Zhou, and Jingren Zhou · 2023
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Lexi: Self-supervised learning of the ui language
Pratyay Banerjee, Shweti Mahajan, Kushal Arora, Chitta Baral, and Oriana Riva · 2023
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Can we edit multimodal large language models?
Siyuan Cheng, Bozhong Tian, Qingbin Liu, Xi Chen, Yongheng Wang, Huajun Chen, and Ningyu Zhang · 2023
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Mind2web: Towards a generalist agent for the web
Xiang Deng, Yu Gu, Boyuan Zheng, Shijie Chen, Sam Stevens, Boshi Wang, Huan Sun, and Yu Su · 2023
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From scarcity to efficiency: Improving clip training via visual-enriched captions
Zhengfeng Lai, Haotian Zhang, Wentao Wu, Haoping Bai, Aleksei Timofeev, Xianzhi Du, Zhe Gan, Jiulong Shan, Chen-Nee Chuah, Yinfei Yang, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Kosmos-2: Grounding multimodal large language models to the world
Zhiliang Peng, Wenhui Wang, Li Dong, Yaru Hao, Shaohan Huang, Shuming Ma, and Furu Wei · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Android in the wild: A large-scale dataset for android device control
Christopher Rawles, Alice Li, Daniel Rodriguez, Oriana Riva, and Timothy Lillicrap · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
From pixels to ui actions: Learning to follow instructions via graphical user interfaces
Peter Shaw, Mandar Joshi, James Cohan, Jonathan Berant, Panupong Pasupat, Hexiang Hu, Urvashi Khandelwal, Kenton Lee, and Kristina N Toutanova · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Set-of-mark prompting unleashes extraordinary visual grounding in gpt-4v
Language models can solve computer tasks
Geunwoo Kim, Pierre Baldi, and Stephen McAleer · 2024
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Visualwebarena: Evaluating multimodal agents on realistic visual web tasks
Jing Yu Koh, Robert Lo, Lawrence Jang, Vikram Duvvur, Ming Chong Lim, Po-Yu Huang, Graham Neubig, Shuyan Zhou, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Daniel Fried · 2024
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Llava-next: What else influences visual instruction tuning beyond data?, May 2024a
Bo Li, Hao Zhang, Kaichen Zhang, Dong Guo, Yuanhan Zhang, Renrui Zhang, Feng Li, Ziwei Liu, and Chunyuan Li · 2024
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Llava-next: Improved reasoning, ocr, and world knowledge, January 2024b
Haotian Liu, Chunyuan Li, Yuheng Li, Bo Li, Yuanhan Zhang, Sheng Shen, and Yong Jae Lee · 2024
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Groma: Localized visual tokenization for grounding multimodal large language models
Chuofan Ma, Yi Jiang, Jiannan Wu, Zehuan Yuan, and Xiaojuan Qi · 2024
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Jianwei Yang, Hao Zhang, Feng Li, Xueyan Zou, Chunyuan Li, and Jianfeng Gao · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
React: Synergizing reasoning and acting in language models
Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik Narasimhan, and Yuan Cao · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
You only look at screens: Multimodal chain-of-action agents
Zhuosheng Zhan and Aston Zhang · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena
Lianmin Zheng, Wei-Lin Chiang, Ying Sheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Zhanghao Wu, Yonghao Zhuang, Zi Lin, Zhuohan Li, Dacheng Li, Eric Xing, Hao Zhang, Joseph E Gonzalez, and Ion Stoica · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama 3 model card, 2024
AI@Meta · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Spider2-v: How far are multimodal agents from automating data science and engineering workflows?
Ruisheng Cao, Fangyu Lei, Haoyuan Wu, Jixuan Chen, Yeqiao Fu, Hongcheng Gao, Xinzhuang Xiong, Hanchong Zhang, Yuchen Mao, Wenjing Hu, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Guicourse: From general vision language models to versatile gui agents
Wentong Chen, Junbo Cui, Jinyi Hu, Yujia Qin, Junjie Fang, Yue Zhao, Chongyi Wang, Jun Liu, Guirong Chen, Yupeng Huo, et al · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Seeclick: Harnessing gui grounding for advanced visual gui agents
Kanzhi Cheng, Qiushi Sun, Yougang Chu, Fangzhi Xu, Yantao Li, Jianbing Zhang, and Zhiyong Wu · 2024
Cited alongside, same era.
Yichen Pan, Dehan Kong, Sida Zhou, Cheng Cui, Yifei Leng, Bing Jiang, Hangyu Liu, Yanyi Shang, Shuyan Zhou, Tongshuang Wu, et al · 2024
Closest in time.
Visual grounding for user interfaces
Yijun Qian, Yujie Lu, Alexander G Hauptmann, and Oriana Riva · 2024
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Androidworld: A dynamic benchmarking environment for autonomous agents
Christopher Rawles, Sarah Clinckemaillie, Yifan Chang, Jonathan Waltz, Gabrielle Lau, Marybeth Fair, Alice Li, William Bishop, Wei Li, Folawiyo Campbell-Ajala, et al · 2024
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Reflexion: Language agents with verbal reinforcement learning
Noah Shinn, Federico Cassano, Ashwin Gopinath, Karthik Narasimhan, and Shunyu Yao · 2024
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Mobile-agent: Autonomous multi-modal mobile device agent with visual perception
Junyang Wang, Haiyang Xu, Jiabo Ye, Ming Yan, Weizhou Shen, Ji Zhang, Fei Huang, and Jitao Sang · 2024
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The WebAIM Million
WebAIM · 2024
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Os-copilot: Towards generalist computer agents with self-improvement
Zhiyong Wu, Chengcheng Han, Zichen Ding, Zhenmin Weng, Zhoumianze Liu, Shunyu Yao, Tao Yu, and Lingpeng Kong · 2024
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Osworld: Benchmarking multimodal agents for open-ended tasks in real computer environments
Tianbao Xie, Danyang Zhang, Jixuan Chen, Xiaochuan Li, Siheng Zhao, Ruisheng Cao, Toh Jing Hua, Zhoujun Cheng, Dongchan Shin, Fangyu Lei, et al · 2024
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Llava-uhd: an lmm perceiving any aspect ratio and high-resolution images
Ruyi Xu, Yuan Yao, Zonghao Guo, Junbo Cui, Zanlin Ni, Chunjiang Ge, Tat-Seng Chua, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun, and Gao Huang · 2024
Closest in time.
Ferret-ui: Grounded mobile ui understanding with multimodal llms
Keen You, Haotian Zhang, Eldon Schoop, Floris Weers, Amanda Swearngin, Jeffrey Nichols, Yinfei Yang, and Zhe Gan · 2024
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Gpt-4v (ision) is a generalist web agent, if grounded
Boyuan Zheng, Boyu Gou, Jihyung Kil, Huan Sun, and Yu Su · 2024
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Webarena: A realistic web environment for building autonomous agents
Shuyan Zhou, Frank F Xu, Hao Zhu, Xuhui Zhou, Robert Lo, Abishek Sridhar, Xianyi Cheng, Tianyue Ou, Yonatan Bisk, Daniel Fried, et al · 2024
Closest in time.