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Despite their recent successes, Transformer-based large language models show surprising failure modes.
Not just a black box: Learning important features through propagating activation differences
Avanti Shrikumar, Peyton Greenside, Anna Shcherbina, and Anshul Kundaje · 2016
Earlier work this paper cites.
Location attention for extrapolation to longer sequences
Yann Dubois, Gautier Dagan, Dieuwke Hupkes, and Elia Bruni · 2019
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Compositionality decomposed: How do neural networks generalise?
Dieuwke Hupkes, Verna Dankers, Mathijs Mul, and Elia Bruni · 2020
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The eos decision and length extrapolation
Benjamin Newman, John Hewitt, Percy Liang, and Christopher D Manning · 2020
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Show your work: Scratchpads for intermediate computation with language models
Maxwell Nye, Anders Johan Andreassen, Guy Gur-Ari, Henryk Michalewski, Jacob Austin, David Bieber, David Dohan, Aitor Lewkowycz, Maarten Bosma, David Luan, et al · 2021
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Train short, test long: Attention with linear biases enables input length extrapolation
Ofir Press, Noah A Smith, and Mike Lewis · 2021
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Teaching autoregressive language models complex tasks by demonstration
Gabriel Recchia · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Koustuv Sinha, Robin Jia, Dieuwke Hupkes, Joelle Pineau, Adina Williams, and Douwe Kiela · 2021
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Thinking like transformers
Gail Weiss, Yoav Goldberg, and Eran Yahav · 2021
Earlier work this paper cites.
Exploring length generalization in large language models
Cem Anil, Yuhuai Wu, Anders Andreassen, Aitor Lewkowycz, Vedant Misra, Vinay Ramasesh, Ambrose Slone, Guy Gur-Ari, Ethan Dyer, and Behnam Neyshabur · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Induced natural language rationales and interleaved markup tokens enable extrapolation in large language models
Mirelle Candida Bueno, Carlos Gemmell, Jeff Dalton, Roberto Lotufo, and Rodrigo Nogueira · 2022
Earlier work this paper cites.
Crosslingual generalization through multitask finetuning
Niklas Muennighoff, Thomas Wang, Lintang Sutawika, Adam Roberts, Stella Biderman, Teven Le Scao, M Saiful Bari, Sheng Shen, Zheng-Xin Yong, Hailey Schoelkopf, et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Long Ouyang, Jeffrey Wu, Xu Jiang, Diogo Almeida, Carroll Wainwright, Pamela Mishkin, Chong Zhang, Sandhini Agarwal, Katarina Slama, Alex Ray, et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Limitations of language models in arithmetic and symbolic induction
Jing Qian, Hong Wang, Zekun Li, Shiyang Li, and Xifeng Yan · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Fei Xia, Ed Chi, Quoc V Le, Denny Zhou, et al · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Autoformalization with large language models
Yuhuai Wu, Albert Qiaochu Jiang, Wenda Li, Markus Rabe, Charles Staats, Mateja Jamnik, and Christian Szegedy · 2022
The rise and potential of large language model based agents: A survey
Zhiheng Xi, Wenxiang Chen, Xin Guo, Wei He, Yiwen Ding, Boyang Hong, Ming Zhang, Junzhe Wang, Senjie Jin, Enyu Zhou, et al · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
Conditions for length generalization in learning reasoning skills
Changnan Xiao and Bing Liu · 2023
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Efficient streaming language models with attention sinks
Guangxuan Xiao, Yuandong Tian, Beidi Chen, Song Han, and Mike Lewis · 2023
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Nature language reasoning, a survey
Fei Yu, Hongbo Zhang, and Benyou Wang · 2023
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Unifying the perspectives of nlp and software engineering: A survey on language models for code
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Cited alongside, same era.
Teaching algorithmic reasoning via in-context learning
Hattie Zhou, Azade Nova, Hugo Larochelle, Aaron Courville, Behnam Neyshabur, and Hanie Sedghi · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling
Stella Biderman, Hailey Schoelkopf, Quentin Gregory Anthony, Herbie Bradley, Kyle O’Brien, Eric Hallahan, Mohammad Aflah Khan, Shivanshu Purohit, USVSN Sai Prashanth, Edward Raff, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Sparks of artificial general intelligence: Early experiments with gpt-4
Sébastien Bubeck, Varun Chandrasekaran, Ronen Eldan, Johannes Gehrke, Eric Horvitz, Ece Kamar, Peter Lee, Yin Tat Lee, Yuanzhi Li, Scott Lundberg, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Bloom: A 176b-parameter open-access multilingual language model
Teven Le Scao, Angela Fan, Christopher Akiki, Ellie Pavlick, Suzana Ilić, Daniel Hesslow, Roman Castagné, Alexandra Sasha Luccioni, François Yvon, Matthias Gallé, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Positional description matters for transformers arithmetic
Ruoqi Shen, Sébastien Bubeck, Ronen Eldan, Yin Tat Lee, Yuanzhi Li, and Yi Zhang · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Opt: Open pre-trained transformer language models
Susan Zhang, Stephen Roller, Naman Goyal, Mikel Artetxe, Moya Chen, Shuohui Chen, Christopher Dewan, Mona Diab, Xian Li, Xi Victoria Lin, et al
Cited in the paper.
Ziyin Zhang, Chaoyu Chen, Bingchang Liu, Cong Liao, Zi Gong, Hang Yu, Jianguo Li, and Rui Wang · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
What algorithms can transformers learn? a study in length generalization
Hattie Zhou, Arwen Bradley, Etai Littwin, Noam Razin, Omid Saremi, Josh Susskind, Samy Bengio, and Preetum Nakkiran · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
Faith and fate: Limits of transformers on compositionality
Nouha Dziri, Ximing Lu, Melanie Sclar, Xiang Lorraine Li, Liwei Jiang, Bill Yuchen Lin, Sean Welleck, Peter West, Chandra Bhagavatula, Ronan Le Bras, et al · 2024
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The impact of positional encoding on length generalization in transformers
Amirhossein Kazemnejad, Inkit Padhi, Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy, Payel Das, and Siva Reddy · 2024
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Random-access infinite context length for transformers
Amirkeivan Mohtashami and Martin Jaggi · 2024
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Roformer: Enhanced transformer with rotary position embedding
Jianlin Su, Murtadha Ahmed, Yu Lu, Shengfeng Pan, Wen Bo, and Yunfeng Liu · 2024
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Transformers can achieve length generalization but not robustly
Yongchao Zhou, Uri Alon, Xinyun Chen, Xuezhi Wang, Rishabh Agarwal, and Denny Zhou · 2024
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