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The behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) as artificial social agents is largely unexplored, and we still lack extensive evidence of how these agents react to simple social stimuli.
Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
Brown, T.; Mann, B.; Ryder, N.; Subbiah, M.; Kaplan, J. D.; Dhariwal, P.; Neelakantan, A.; Shyam, P.; Sastry, G.; Askell, A.; Agarwal, S.; Herbert-Voss, A.; Krueger, G.; Henighan, T.; Child, R.; Ramesh, A.; Ziegler, D.; Wu, J.; Winter, C.; Hesse, C.; Chen, M.; Sigler, E.; Litwin, M.; Gray, S.; Chess, B.; Clark, J.; Berner, C.; McCandlish, S.; Radford, A.; Sutskever, I.; and Amodei, D. 2020 · 1901
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Contributions to the Theory of Games
Tucker, A. W.; and Luce, R. D. 1959 · 1959
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Effective Choice in the Prisoner’s Dilemma
Axelrod, R. 1980 · 1980
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The Emergence of Cooperation among Egoists
Axelrod, R. 1981 · 1981
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The evolution of cooperation
Axelrod, R.; and Hamilton, W. D. 1981 · 1981
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The Mathematics of Tucker: A Sampler
Tucker, A. W.; and Straffin Jr, P. D. 1983 · 1983
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A course in game theory
Osborne, M. J.; and Rubinstein, A. 1994 · 1994
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Progress in Behavioral Game Theory
Camerer, C. F. 1997 · 1997
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The Evolution of Cooperation in Infinitely Repeated Games: Experimental Evidence
Dal Bó, P.; and Fréchette, G. R. 2011 · 2011
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Open problems in cooperative ai
Dafoe, A.; Hughes, E.; Bachrach, Y.; Collins, T.; McKee, K. R.; Leibo, J. Z.; Larson, K.; and Graepel, T. 2020 · 2012
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Slow to Anger and Fast to Forgive: Cooperation in an Uncertain World
Fudenberg, D.; Rand, D. G.; and Dreber, A. 2012 · 2012
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Extortion and cooperation in the Prisoner’s Dilemma
Stewart, A. J.; and Plotkin, J. B. 2012 · 2012
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Constructing strategies in the indefinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma game
Romero, J.; and Rosokha, Y. 2018 · 2018
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Prisoner’s Dilemma ¿ Strategies for the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Kuhn, S. 2019 · 2019
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GPT-3: Its nature, scope, limits, and consequences
Floridi, L.; and Chiriatti, M. 2020 · 2020
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On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big?
Bender, E. M.; Gebru, T.; McMillan-Major, A.; and Shmitchell, S. 2021 · 2021
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The power of scale for parameter-efficient prompt tuning
Lester, B.; Al-Rfou, R.; and Constant, N. 2021 · 2021
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Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners
Kojima, T.; Gu, S. S.; Reid, M.; Matsuo, Y.; and Iwasawa, Y. 2022 · 2022
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Large pre-trained language models contain human-like biases of what is right and wrong to do
Schramowski, P.; Turan, C.; Andersen, N.; Rothkopf, C. A.; and Kersting, K. 2022 · 2022
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Taxonomy of risks posed by language models
Weidinger, L.; Uesato, J.; Rauh, M.; Griffin, C.; Huang, P.-S.; Mellor, J.; Glaese, A.; Cheng, M.; Balle, B.; Kasirzadeh, A.; et al. 2022 · 2022
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Using Large Language Models to Simulate Multiple Humans and Replicate Human Subject Studies
Aher, G. V.; Arriaga, R. I.; and Kalai, A. T. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Playing repeated games with Large Language Models
Akata, E.; Schulz, L.; Coda-Forno, J.; Oh, S. J.; Bethge, M.; and Schulz, E. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Out of One, Many: Using Language Models to Simulate Human Samples
Argyle, L. P.; Busby, E. C.; Fulda, N.; Gubler, J. R.; Rytting, C.; and Wingate, D. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
The Persuasive Power of Large Language Models
Breum, S. M.; Egdal, D. V.; Mortensen, V. G.; Møller, A. G.; and Aiello, L. M. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Playing Games With GPT: What Can We Learn About a Large Language Model From Canonical Strategic Games?
Brookins, P.; and DeBacker, J. M. 2023 · 2023
Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models
Wei, J.; Wang, X.; Schuurmans, D.; Bosma, M.; Ichter, B.; Xia, F.; Chi, E. H.; Le, Q. V.; and Zhou, D. 2023 · 2023
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The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey
Xi, Z.; Chen, W.; Guo, X.; He, W.; Ding, Y.; Hong, B.; Zhang, M.; Wang, J.; Jin, S.; Zhou, E.; Zheng, R.; Fan, X.; Wang, X.; Xiong, L.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, W.; Jiang, C.; Zou, Y.; Liu, X.; Yin, Z.; Dou, S.; Weng, R.; Cheng, W.; Zhang, Q.; Qin, W.; Zheng, Y.; Qiu, X.; Huang, X.; and Gui, T. 2023 · 2023
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Xu, L.; Hu, Z.; Zhou, D.; Ren, H.; Dong, Z.; Keutzer, K.; Ng, S. K.; and Feng, J. 2023 · 2023
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Anatomy of an AI-powered malicious social botnet
Yang, K.-C.; and Menczer, F. 2023 · 2023
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Cited alongside, same era.
Cao, Y.; Li, S.; Liu, Y.; Yan, Z.; Dai, Y.; Yu, P. S.; and Sun, L. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Simulating Opinion Dynamics with Networks of LLM-based Agents
Chuang, Y.-S.; Goyal, A.; Harlalka, N.; Suresh, S.; Hawkins, R.; Yang, S.; Shah, D.; Hu, J.; and Rogers, T. T. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Emergence of Scale-Free Networks in Social Interactions among Large Language Models
De Marzo, G.; Pietronero, L.; and Garcia, D. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Can Large Language Models Serve as Rational Players in Game Theory? A Systematic Analysis
Fan, C.; Chen, J.; Jin, Y.; and He, H. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
GPT in Game Theory Experiments
Guo, F. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Homophily in An Artificial Social Network of Agents Powered By Large Language Models — Research Square
He, J.; Wallis, F.; and Rathje, S. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
An Overview of Catastrophic AI Risks
Hendrycks, D.; Mazeika, M.; and Woodside, T. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models
Yao, S.; Yu, D.; Zhao, J.; Shafran, I.; Griffiths, T.; Cao, Y.; and Narasimhan, K. 2023 · 2023
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Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineers
Zhou, Y.; Muresanu, A. I.; Han, Z.; Paster, K.; Pitis, S.; Chan, H.; and Ba, J. 2023 · 2023
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Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science?
Ziems, C.; Held, W.; Shaikh, O.; Chen, J.; Zhang, Z.; and Yang, D. 2023 · 2023
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Can Generative AI improve social science?
Bail, C. A. 2024 · 2024
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Capraro, V.; Di Paolo, R.; and Pizziol, V. 2024 · 2024
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Evaluating Language Model Agency Through Negotiations
Davidson, T. R.; Veselovsky, V.; Kosinski, M.; and West, R. 2024 · 2024
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GTBench: Uncovering the Strategic Reasoning Limitations of LLMs via Game-Theoretic Evaluations
Duan, J.; Zhang, R.; Diffenderfer, J.; Kailkhura, B.; Sun, L.; Stengel-Eskin, E.; Bansal, M.; Chen, T.; and Xu, K. 2024 · 2024
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GenAI against humanity: Nefarious applications of generative artificial intelligence and large language models
Ferrara, E. 2024 · 2024
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Quantifying the persona effect in llm simulations
Hu, T.; and Collier, N. 2024 · 2024
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LLMs Can’t Plan, But Can Help Planning in LLM-Modulo Frameworks
Kambhampati, S.; Valmeekam, K.; Guan, L.; Stechly, K.; Verma, M.; Bhambri, S.; Saldyt, L.; and Murthy, A. 2024 · 2024
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A Turing test of whether AI chatbots are behaviorally similar to humans
Mei, Q.; Xie, Y.; Yuan, W.; and Jackson, M. O. 2024 · 2024
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Cooperate or Collapse: Emergence of Sustainable Cooperation in a Society of LLM Agents
Piatti, G.; Jin, Z.; Kleiman-Weiner, M.; Schölkopf, B.; Sachan, M.; and Mihalcea, R. 2024 · 2024
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Emergence of Social Norms in Large Language Model-based Agent Societies
Ren, S.; Cui, Z.; Song, R.; Wang, Z.; and Hu, S. 2024 · 2024
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A survey on large language model based autonomous agents
Wang, L.; Ma, C.; Feng, X.; Zhang, Z.; Yang, H.; Zhang, J.; Chen, Z.; Tang, J.; Chen, X.; Lin, Y.; Zhao, W. X.; Wei, Z.; and Wen, J. 2024 · 2024
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Hallucination is inevitable: An innate limitation of large language models
Xu, Z.; Jain, S.; and Kankanhalli, M. 2024 · 2024
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