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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems respond to queries by retrieving relevant documents from a knowledge database and applying an LLM to the retrieved documents.
Interpolated estimation of Markov source parameters from sparse data
Frederick Jelinek · 1980
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The impact of search engine optimization on online advertising market
Bo Xing and Zhangxi Lin · 2006
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The role of search engine optimization in search marketing
Ron Berman and Zsolt Katona · 2013
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Pointer sentinel mixture models
Stephen Merity, Caiming Xiong, James Bradbury, and Richard Socher · 2016
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MS MARCO: A human generated machine reading comprehension dataset
Tri Nguyen, Mir Rosenberg, Xia Song, Jianfeng Gao, Saurabh Tiwary, Rangan Majumder, and Li Deng · 2016
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Interpretable adversarial training for text
Samuel Barham and Soheil Feizi · 2019
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Natural questions: a benchmark for question answering research
Tom Kwiatkowski, Jennimaria Palomaki, Olivia Redfield, Michael Collins, Ankur Parikh, Chris Alberti, Danielle Epstein, Illia Polosukhin, Jacob Devlin, Kenton Lee, et al · 2019
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GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natural language understanding
Alex Wang, Amanpreet Singh, Julian Michael, Felix Hill, Omer Levy, and Samuel R Bowman · 2019
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Hal: Improved text-image matching by mitigating visual semantic hubs
Fangyu Liu, Rongtian Ye, Xun Wang, and Shuaipeng Li · 2020
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Adversarial semantic collisions
Congzheng Song, Alexander M Rush, and Vitaly Shmatikov · 2020
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Unsupervised dense information retrieval with contrastive learning
Gautier Izacard, Mathilde Caron, Lucas Hosseini, Sebastian Riedel, Piotr Bojanowski, Armand Joulin, and Edouard Grave · 2022
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Large dual encoders are generalizable retrievers
Jianmo Ni, Chen Qu, Jing Lu, Zhuyun Dai, Gustavo Hernandez Abrego, Ji Ma, Vincent Zhao, Yi Luan, Keith Hall, Ming-Wei Chang, et al · 2022
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Ignore previous prompt: Attack techniques for language models
Fábio Perez and Ian Ribeiro · 2022
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Detecting language model attacks with perplexity
Gabriel Alon and Michael Kamfonas · 2023
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Jailbreaking black box large language models in twenty queries
Patrick Chao, Alexander Robey, Edgar Dobriban, Hamed Hassani, George J Pappas, and Eric Wong · 2023
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https://simonwillison.net/2023/May/11/delimiters-wont-save-you/
Delimiters won’t save you from prompt injection · 2023
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Retrieval-augmented generation for large language models: A survey
Yunfan Gao, Yun Xiong, Xinyu Gao, Kangxiang Jia, Jinliu Pan, Yuxi Bi, Yi Dai, Jiawei Sun, and Haofen Wang · 2023
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Not what you’ve signed up for: Compromising real-world LLM-integrated applications with indirect prompt injection
Kai Greshake, Sahar Abdelnabi, Shailesh Mishra, Christoph Endres, Thorsten Holz, and Mario Fritz · 2023
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Baseline defenses for adversarial attacks against aligned language models
Neel Jain, Avi Schwarzschild, Yuxin Wen, Gowthami Somepalli, John Kirchenbauer, Ping-yeh Chiang, Micah Goldblum, Aniruddha Saha, Jonas Geiping, and Tom Goldstein · 2023
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Albert Q Jiang, Alexandre Sablayrolles, Arthur Mensch, Chris Bamford, Devendra Singh Chaplot, Diego de las Casas, Florian Bressand, Gianna Lengyel, Guillaume Lample, Lucile Saulnier, et al · 2023
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Efficient memory management for large language model serving with PagedAttention
Woosuk Kwon, Zhuohan Li, Siyuan Zhuang, Ying Sheng, Lianmin Zheng, Cody Hao Yu, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica · 2023
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https://learnprompting.org
Learn prompting · 2023
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Jailbreaking ChatGPT via prompt engineering: An empirical study
Yi Liu, Gelei Deng, Zhengzi Xu, Yuekang Li, Yaowen Zheng, Ying Zhang, Lida Zhao, Tianwei Zhang, Kailong Wang, and Yang Liu · 2023
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Text embeddings reveal (almost) as much as text
John Morris, Volodymyr Kuleshov, Vitaly Shmatikov, and Alexander M Rush · 2023
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Scalable extraction of training data from (production) language models
Milad Nasr, Nicholas Carlini, Jonathan Hayase, Matthew Jagielski, A Feder Cooper, Daphne Ippolito, Christopher A Choquette-Choo, Eric Wallace, Florian Tramèr, and Katherine Lee · 2023
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OpenAI, Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al · 2023
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Ignore this title and HackAPrompt: Exposing systemic vulnerabilities of LLMs through a global prompt hacking competition
Sander Schulhoff, Jeremy Pinto, Anaum Khan, Louis-François Bouchard, Chenglei Si, Svetlina Anati, Valen Tagliabue, Anson Kost, Christopher Carnahan, and Jordan Boyd-Graber · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
https://pyxos.ai/knowledge/overcoming-document-complexity-in-gdpr-compliance-with-rag-technology/
Overcoming document complexity in GDPR compliance with RAG technology · 2024
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https://openai.com/index/hello-gpt-4o/
Hello GPT-4o · 2024
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https://www.anthropic.com/news/3-5-models-and-computer-use
Introducing computer use, a new Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Claude 3.5 Haiku · 2024
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SALAD-bench: A hierarchical and comprehensive safety benchmark for large language models
Lijun Li, Bowen Dong, Ruohui Wang, Xuhao Hu, Wangmeng Zuo, Dahua Lin, Yu Qiao, and Jing Shao · 2024
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AutoDAN: Generating stealthy jailbreak prompts on aligned large language models
Xiaogeng Liu, Nan Xu, Muhao Chen, and Chaowei Xiao · 2024
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https://llama.meta.com/
Meet Llama 3.1 · 2024
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Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Tensor Trust: Interpretable prompt injection attacks from an online game
Sam Toyer, Olivia Watkins, Ethan Adrian Mendes, Justin Svegliato, Luke Bailey, Tiffany Wang, Isaac Ong, Karim Elmaaroufi, Pieter Abbeel, Trevor Darrell, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
DecodingTrust: A comprehensive assessment of trustworthiness in GPT models
Boxin Wang, Weixin Chen, Hengzhi Pei, Chulin Xie, Mintong Kang, Chenhui Zhang, Chejian Xu, Zidi Xiong, Ritik Dutta, Rylan Schaeffer, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Jailbroken: How does LLM safety training fail?
Alexander Wei, Nika Haghtalab, and Jacob Steinhardt · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Jailbreak and guard aligned language models with only few in-context demonstrations
Zeming Wei, Yifei Wang, and Yisen Wang · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Benchmarking and defending against indirect prompt injection attacks on large language models
Jingwei Yi, Yueqi Xie, Bin Zhu, Emre Kiciman, Guangzhong Sun, Xing Xie, and Fangzhao Wu · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Judging LLM-as-a-judge with MT-bench and chatbot arena
Lianmin Zheng, Wei-Lin Chiang, Ying Sheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Zhanghao Wu, Yonghao Zhuang, Zi Lin, Zhuohan Li, Dacheng Li, Eric Xing, et al · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
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Tree of attacks: Jailbreaking black-box LLMs automatically
Anay Mehrotra, Manolis Zampetakis, Paul Kassianik, Blaine Nelson, Hyrum Anderson, Yaron Singer, and Amin Karbasi · 2024
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https://huggingface.co/Open-Orca/Mistral-7B-OpenOrca
Mistral Orca · 2024
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https://openai.com/index/new-embedding-models-and-api-updates
New embedding models and API updates · 2024
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PrivAgent: Agentic-based red-teaming for LLM privacy leakage
Yuzhou Nie, Zhun Wang, Ye Yu, Xian Wu, Xuandong Zhao, Wenbo Guo, and Dawn Song · 2024
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https://blog.google/technology/ai/google-gemini-next-generation-model-february-2024/
Our next-generation model: Gemini 1.5 · 2024
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https://genai.owasp.org/resource/owasp-top-10-for-llm-applications-2025/
OWASP top 10 for LLM applications 2025 · 2024
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Fast adversarial attacks on language models in one GPU minute
Vinu Sankar Sadasivan, Shoumik Saha, Gaurang Sriramanan, Priyatham Kattakinda, Atoosa Chegini, and Soheil Feizi · 2024
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ALERT: A comprehensive benchmark for assessing large language models’ safety through red teaming
Simone Tedeschi, Felix Friedrich, Patrick Schramowski, Kristian Kersting, Roberto Navigli, Huu Nguyen, and Bo Li · 2024
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The instruction hierarchy: Training LLMs to prioritize privileged instructions
Eric Wallace, Kai Xiao, Reimar Leike, Lilian Weng, Johannes Heidecke, and Alex Beutel · 2024
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BadRAG: Identifying vulnerabilities in retrieval augmented generation of large language models
Jiaqi Xue, Mengxin Zheng, Yebowen Hu, Fei Liu, Xun Chen, and Qian Lou · 2024
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GPTFUZZER: Red teaming large language models with auto-generated jailbreak prompts
Jiahao Yu, Xingwei Lin, Zheng Yu, and Xinyu Xing · 2024
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Effective prompt extraction from language models
Yiming Zhang, Nicholas Carlini, and Daphne Ippolito · 2024
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SafetyBench: Evaluating the safety of large language models
Zhexin Zhang, Leqi Lei, Lindong Wu, Rui Sun, Yongkang Huang, Chong Long, Xiao Liu, Xuanyu Lei, Jie Tang, and Minlie Huang · 2024
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StruQ: Defending against prompt injection with structured queries
Sizhe Chen, Julien Piet, Chawin Sitawarin, and David Wagner · 2025
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https://www.theinformation.com/articles/why-openaiis-taking-so-long-to-launch-agents
Why OpenAI is taking so long to launch agents · 2025
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PoisonedRAG: Knowledge poisoning attacks to retrieval-augmented generation of large language models
Wei Zou, Runpeng Geng, Binghui Wang, and Jinyuan Jia · 2025
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