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The emergence of ChatGPT marks the arrival of the large language model (LLM) era.
How to share a secret
Adi Shamir · 1979
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How to generate and exchange secrets
Andrew Chi-Chih Yao · 1986
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Efficient multiparty protocols using circuit randomization
Donald Beaver · 1992
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Public-key cryptosystems based on composite degree residuosity classes
Pascal Paillier · 1999
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Fully homomorphic encryption without modulus switching from classical gapsvp
Zvika Brakerski · 2012
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Somewhat practical fully homomorphic encryption
Junfeng Fan and Frederik Vercauteren · 2012
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Single-database private information retrieval from fully homomorphic encryption
Xun Yi, Mohammed Golam Kaosar, Russell Paulet, and Elisa Bertino · 2013
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ABY - A framework for efficient mixed-protocol secure two-party computation
Daniel Demmler, Thomas Schneider, and Michael Zohner · 2015
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Cryptonets: Applying neural networks to encrypted data with high throughput and accuracy
Ran Gilad-Bachrach, Nathan Dowlin, Kim Laine, Kristin Lauter, Michael Naehrig, and John Wernsing · 2016
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Xpir: Private information retrieval for everyone
Carlos Aguilar Melchor, Joris Barrier, Laurent Fousse, and Marc-Olivier Killijian · 2016
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Homomorphic encryption for arithmetic of approximate numbers
Jung Hee Cheon, Andrey Kim, Miran Kim, and Yong Soo Song · 2017
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Secureml: A system for scalable privacy-preserving machine learning
Payman Mohassel and Yupeng Zhang · 2017
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{ \{ GAZELLE } \} : A low latency framework for secure neural network inference
Chiraag Juvekar, Vinod Vaikuntanathan, and Anantha Chandrakasan · 2018
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Aby3: A mixed protocol framework for machine learning
Payman Mohassel and Peter Rindal · 2018
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Chameleon: A hybrid secure computation framework for machine learning applications
M Sadegh Riazi, Christian Weinert, Oleksandr Tkachenko, Ebrahim M Songhori, Thomas Schneider, and Farinaz Koushanfar · 2018
Earlier work this paper cites.
Deepsecure: Scalable provably-secure deep learning
Bita Darvish Rouhani, M Sadegh Riazi, and Farinaz Koushanfar · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Split learning for health: Distributed deep learning without sharing raw patient data
Praneeth Vepakomma, Otkrist Gupta, Tristan Swedish, and Ramesh Raskar · 2018
Cited alongside, same era.
Pytorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library
Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Francisco Massa, Adam Lerer, James Bradbury, Gregory Chanan, Trevor Killeen, Zeming Lin, Natalia Gimelshein, Luca Antiga, et al · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Securenn: 3-party secure computation for neural network training
Sameer Wagh, Divya Gupta, and Nishanth Chandran · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Secret-shared shuffle
Melissa Chase, Esha Ghosh, and Oxana Poburinnaya · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Cryptflow2: Practical 2-party secure inference
Introducing chatgpt
OpenAI · 2022
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Towards secure and practical machine learning via secret sharing and random permutation
Fei Zheng, Chaochao Chen, Xiaolin Zheng, and Mingjie Zhu · 2022
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Cheetah: Lean and fast secure Two-Party deep neural network inference
Huang Zhicong, Lu Wen-jie, Hong Cheng, and Ding Jiansheng · 2022
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Puma: Secure inference of llama-7b in five minutes
Ye Dong, Wen-jie Lu, Yancheng Zheng, Haoqi Wu, Derun Zhao, Jin Tan, Zhicong Huang, Cheng Hong, Tao Wei, and Wenguang Cheng · 2023
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Secure pac bayesian regression via real shamir secret sharing
Jaron Skovsted Gundersen, Bulut Kuskonmaz, and Rafael Wisniewski · 2023
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Deevashwer Rathee, Mayank Rathee, Nishant Kumar, Nishanth Chandran, Divya Gupta, Aseem Rastogi, and Rahul Sharma · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Pyfhel: Python for homomorphic encryption libraries
Alberto Ibarrondo and Alexander Viand · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Crypten: Secure multi-party computation meets machine learning
Brian Knott, Shobha Venkataraman, Awni Hannun, Shubho Sengupta, Mark Ibrahim, and Laurens van der Maaten · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Privacy in distributed computations based on real number secret sharing
Katrine Tjell and Rafael Wisniewski · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Glm: General language model pretraining with autoregressive blank infilling
Zhengxiao Du, Yujie Qian, Xiao Liu, Ming Ding, Jiezhong Qiu, Zhilin Yang, and Jie Tang · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Unsplit: Data-oblivious model inversion, model stealing, and label inference attacks against split learning
Ege Erdogan, Alptekin Küpçü, and A. Ercüment Çiçek · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Iron: Private inference on transformers
Meng Hao, Hongwei Li, Hanxiao Chen, Pengzhi Xing, Guowen Xu, and Tianwei Zhang · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Ciphergpt: Secure two-party gpt inference
Xiaoyang Hou, Jian Liu, Jingyu Li, Yuhan Li, Wen-jie Lu, Cheng Hong, and Kui Ren · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
Text embeddings reveal (almost) as much as text
John X. Morris, Volodymyr Kuleshov, Vitaly Shmatikov, and Alexander M. Rush · 2023
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Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models
Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, et al · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
Bloomberggpt: A large language model for finance
Shijie Wu, Ozan Irsoy, Steven Lu, Vadim Dabravolski, Mark Dredze, Sebastian Gehrmann, Prabhanjan Kambadur, David Rosenberg, and Gideon Mann · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
GLM-130B: an open bilingual pre-trained model
Aohan Zeng, Xiao Liu, Zhengxiao Du, Zihan Wang, Hanyu Lai, Ming Ding, Zhuoyi Yang, Yifan Xu, Wendi Zheng, Xiao Xia, Weng Lam Tam, Zixuan Ma, Yufei Xue, Jidong Zhai, Wenguang Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, Peng Zhang, Yuxiao Dong, and Jie Tang · 2023
Later among the works it cites.
A survey of large language models
Wayne Xin Zhao, Kun Zhou, Junyi Li, Tianyi Tang, Xiaolei Wang, Yupeng Hou, Yingqian Min, Beichen Zhang, Junjie Zhang, Zican Dong, et al · 2023
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Input reconstruction attack against vertical federated large language models
Fei Zheng · 2023
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Pp-stream: Toward high-performance privacy-preserving neural network inference via distributed stream processing
Qingxiu Liu, Qun Huang, Xiang Chen, Sa Wang, Wenhao Wang, Shujie Han, and Patrick PC Lee · 2024
Closest in time.
Shuffled transformer for privacy-preserving split learning
Hengyuan Xu, Liyao Xiang, Hangyu Ye, Dixi Yao, Pengzhi Chu, and Baochun Li · 2024
Closest in time.