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The proliferation of online toxic speech is a pertinent problem posing threats to demographic groups.
Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach
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‘hate speech in encyclopedia of the american constitution
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Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
Kishore Papineni, Salim Roukos, Todd Ward, and Wei-Jing Zhu. 2002 · 2002
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ROUGE: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries
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METEOR: An automatic metric for MT evaluation with improved correlation with human judgments
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Computing krippendorff’s alpha-reliability
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Detecting offensive language in social media to protect adolescent online safety
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Vader: A parsimonious rule-based model for sentiment analysis of social media text
Clayton J. Hutto and Eric Gilbert. 2014 · 2014
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A lexicon-based approach for hate speech detection
Njagi Dennis Gitari, Zhang Zuping, Hanyurwimfura Damien, and Jun Long. 2015 · 2015
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Distilling the knowledge in a neural network
Geoffrey Hinton, Oriol Vinyals, and Jeff Dean. 2015 · 2015
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Deep learning
Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville. 2016 · 2016
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"why should i trust you?": Explaining the predictions of any classifier
Marco Tulio Ribeiro, Sameer Singh, and Carlos Guestrin. 2016 · 2016
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A survey on hate speech detection using natural language processing
Anna Schmidt and Michael Wiegand. 2017 · 2017
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Ł ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017 · 2017
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Explainable artificial intelligence: A survey
Filip Karlo Dosilovic, Mario Brcic, and Nikica Hlupic. 2018 · 2018
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Hate lingo: A target-based linguistic analysis of hate speech in social media
Mai ElSherief, Vivek Kulkarni, Dana Nguyen, William Yang Wang, and Elizabeth Belding. 2018 · 2018
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The effect of extremist violence on hateful speech online
Alexandra Olteanu, Carlos Castillo, Jeremy Boy, and Kush Varshney. 2018 · 2018
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Characterizing and detecting hateful users on twitter
Manoel Horta Ribeiro, Pedro H Calais, Yuri A Santos, Virgílio AF Almeida, and Wagner Meira Jr. 2018 · 2018
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Inducing a lexicon of abusive words – a feature-based approach
Michael Wiegand, Josef Ruppenhofer, Anna Schmidt, and Clayton Greenberg. 2018 · 2018
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Beyond error propagation in neural machine translation: Characteristics of language also matter
Lijun Wu, Xu Tan, Di He, Fei Tian, Tao Qin, Jianhuang Lai, and Tie-Yan Liu. 2018 · 2018
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SemEval-2019 task 5: Multilingual detection of hate speech against immigrants and women in Twitter
Valerio Basile, Cristina Bosco, Elisabetta Fersini, Debora Nozza, Viviana Patti, Francisco Manuel Rangel Pardo, Paolo Rosso, and Manuela Sanguinetti. 2019 · 2019
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Finding microaggressions in the wild: A case for locating elusive phenomena in social media posts
Luke Breitfeller, Emily Ahn, David Jurgens, and Yulia Tsvetkov. 2019 · 2019
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BAM! born-again multi-task networks for natural language understanding
Kevin Clark, Minh-Thang Luong, Urvashi Khandelwal, Christopher D. Manning, and Quoc V. Le. 2019 · 2019
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Social bias frames: Reasoning about social and power implications of language
Maarten Sap, Saadia Gabriel, Lianhui Qin, Dan Jurafsky, Noah A. Smith, and Yejin Choi. 2020 · 2020
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HABERTOR: An efficient and effective deep hatespeech detector
Thanh Tran, Yifan Hu, Changwei Hu, Kevin Yen, Fei Tan, Kyumin Lee, and Se Rim Park. 2020 · 2020
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Transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing
Thomas Wolf, Lysandre Debut, Victor Sanh, Julien Chaumond, Clement Delangue, Anthony Moi, Pierric Cistac, Tim Rault, Remi Louf, Morgan Funtowicz, Joe Davison, Sam Shleifer, Patrick von Platen, Clara Ma, Yacine Jernite, Julien Plu, Canwen Xu, Teven Le Scao, Sylvain Gugger, Mariama Drame, Quentin Lhoest, and Alexander Rush. 2020 · 2020
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Bertscore: Evaluating text generation with bert
Tianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu*, Kilian Q. Weinberger, and Yoav Artzi. 2020 · 2020
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HateBERT: Retraining BERT for abusive language detection in English
Tommaso Caselli, Valerio Basile, Jelena Mitrović, and Michael Granitzer. 2021 · 2021
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BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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Exploring misogyny across the manosphere in reddit
Tracie Farrell, Miriam Fernandez, Jakub Novotny, and Harith Alani. 2019 · 2019
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Decoupled weight decay regularization
Ilya Loshchilov and Frank Hutter. 2019 · 2019
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Hate speech detection: Challenges and solutions
Sean MacAvaney, Hao-Ren Yao, Eugene Yang, Katina Russell, Nazli Goharian, and Ophir Frieder. 2019 · 2019
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Language models are unsupervised multitask learners
Alec Radford, Jeff Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, and Ilya Sutskever. 2019 · 2019
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Well-read students learn better: On the importance of pre-training compact models
Iulia Turc, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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Challenges and frontiers in abusive content detection
Bertie Vidgen, Alex Harris, Dong Nguyen, Rebekah Tromble, Scott Hale, and Helen Margetts. 2019 · 2019
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Latent hatred: A benchmark for understanding implicit hate speech
Mai ElSherief, Caleb Ziems, David Muchlinski, Vaishnavi Anupindi, Jordyn Seybolt, Munmun De Choudhury, and Diyi Yang. 2021 · 2021
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Knowledge distillation: A survey
Jianping Gou, Baosheng Yu, Stephen J. Maybank, and Dacheng Tao. 2021 · 2021
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A systematic review of hate speech automatic detection using natural language processing
Md Saroar Jahan and Mourad Oussalah. 2021 · 2021
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Hatexplain: A benchmark dataset for explainable hate speech detection
Binny Mathew, Punyajoy Saha, Seid Muhie Yimam, Chris Biemann, Pawan Goyal, and Animesh Mukherjee. 2021 · 2021
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Token: Task decomposition and knowledge infusion for few-shot hate speech detection
Badr AlKhamissi, Faisal Ladhak, Srini Iyer, Ves Stoyanov, Zornitsa Kozareva, Xian Li, Pascale Fung, Lambert Mathias, Asli Celikyilmaz, and Mona Diab. 2022 · 2022
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Training a helpful and harmless assistant with reinforcement learning from human feedback
Yuntao Bai, Andy Jones, Kamal Ndousse, Amanda Askell, Anna Chen, Nova DasSarma, Dawn Drain, Stanislav Fort, Deep Ganguli, Tom Henighan, Nicholas Joseph, Saurav Kadavath, Jackson Kernion, Tom Conerly, Sheer El-Showk, Nelson Elhage, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Danny Hernandez, Tristan Hume, Scott Johnston, Shauna Kravec, Liane Lovitt, Neel Nanda, Catherine Olsson, Dario Amodei, Tom Brown, Jack Clark, Sam McCandlish, Chris Olah, Ben Mann, and Jared Kaplan. 2022 · 2022
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Necessity and sufficiency for explaining text classifiers: A case study in hate speech detection
Esma Balkir, Isar Nejadgholi, Kathleen C Fraser, and Svetlana Kiritchenko. 2022 · 2022
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Scaling instruction-finetuned language models
Hyung Won Chung, Le Hou, Shayne Longpre, Barret Zoph, Yi Tay, William Fedus, Eric Li, Xuezhi Wang, Mostafa Dehghani, Siddhartha Brahma, et al. 2022 · 2022
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Fan Huang, Haewoon Kwak, and Jisun An. 2022 · 2022
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Generalizable implicit hate speech detection using contrastive learning
Youngwook Kim, Shinwoo Park, and Yo-Sub Han. 2022 · 2022
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Explaining toxic text via knowledge enhanced text generation
Rohit Sridhar and Diyi Yang. 2022 · 2022
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Hate speech and counter speech detection: Conversational context does matter
Xinchen Yu, Eduardo Blanco, and Lingzi Hong. 2022 · 2022
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A systematic review of hate speech automatic detection using natural language processing
Md Saroar Jahan and Mourad Oussalah. 2023 · 2023
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