Human vs. Machine: Behavioral Differences Between Expert Humans and Language Models in Wargame Simulations

Wargames handbook: How to play and design commercial and professional wargames

Dunnigan, J. F. 2000 · 2000

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What Wargames Really Reveal

Schneider, J. 2003 · 2003

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Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning

Mnih, V.; Kavukcuoglu, K.; Silver, D.; Rusu, A. A.; Veness, J.; Bellemare, M. G.; Graves, A.; Riedmiller, M.; Fidjeland, A. K.; Ostrovski, G.; Petersen, S.; Beattie, C.; Sadik, A.; Antonoglou, I.; King, H.; Kumaran, D.; Wierstra, D.; Legg, S.; and Hassabis, D. 2015 · 2015

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Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search

Silver, D.; Huang, A.; Maddison, C. J.; Guez, A.; Sifre, L.; van den Driessche, G.; Schrittwieser, J.; Antonoglou, I.; Panneershelvam, V.; Lanctot, M.; Dieleman, S.; Grewe, D.; Nham, J.; Kalchbrenner, N.; Sutskever, I.; Lillicrap, T.; Leach, M.; Kavukcuoglu, K.; Graepel, T.; and Hassabis, D. 2016 · 2016

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Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: Libratus beats top professionals

Brown, N.; and Sandholm, T. 2018 · 2018

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Next generation wargames

Reddie, A. W.; Goldblum, B. L.; Lakkaraju, K.; Reinhardt, J.; Nacht, M.; and Epifanovskaya, L. 2018 · 2018

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A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play

Silver, D.; Hubert, T.; Schrittwieser, J.; Antonoglou, I.; Lai, M.; Guez, A.; Lanctot, M.; Sifre, L.; Kumaran, D.; Graepel, T.; Lillicrap, T.; Simonyan, K.; and Hassabis, D. 2018 · 2018

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Superhuman AI for multiplayer poker

Brown, N.; and Sandholm, T. 2019 · 2019

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Grandmaster level in StarCraft II using multi-agent reinforcement learning

Vinyals, O.; Babuschkin, I.; Czarnecki, W. M.; Mathieu, M.; Dudzik, A.; Chung, J.; Choi, D. H.; Powell, R.; Ewalds, T.; Georgiev, P.; Oh, J.; Horgan, D.; Kroiss, M.; Danihelka, I.; Huang, A.; Sifre, L.; Cai, T.; Agapiou, J. P.; Jaderberg, M.; Vezhnevets, A. S.; Leblond, R.; Pohlen, T.; Dalibard, V.; Budden, D.; Sulsky, Y.; Molloy, J.; Paine, T. L.; Gulcehre, C.; Wang, Z.; Pfaff, T.; Wu, Y.; Ring, R.; Yogatama, D.; Wünsch, D.; McKinney, K.; Smith, O.; Schaul, T.; Lillicrap, T.; Kavukcuoglu, K.; Hassabis, D.; Apps, C.; and Silver, D. 2019 · 2019

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On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?

Bender, E. M.; Gebru, T.; McMillan-Major, A.; and Shmitchell, S. 2021 · 2021

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Moral Choices Without Moral Language: 1950s Political-Military Wargaming at the RAND Corporation

Emery, J. R. 2021 · 2021

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Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold

Jumper, J.; Evans, R.; Pritzel, A.; Green, T.; Figurnov, M.; Ronneberger, O.; Tunyasuvunakool, K.; Bates, R.; Žídek, A.; Potapenko, A.; Bridgland, A.; Meyer, C.; Kohl, S. A. A.; Ballard, A. J.; Cowie, A.; Romera-Paredes, B.; Nikolov, S.; Jain, R.; Adler, J.; Back, T.; Petersen, S.; Reiman, D.; Clancy, E.; Zielinski, M.; Steinegger, M.; Pacholska, M.; Berghammer, T.; Bodenstein, S.; Silver, D.; Vinyals, O.; Senior, A. W.; Kavukcuoglu, K.; Kohli, P.; and Hassabis, D. 2021 · 2021

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Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback

Original

Bai, Y.; Kadavath, S.; Kundu, S.; Askell, A.; Kernion, J.; Jones, A.; Chen, A.; Goldie, A.; Mirhoseini, A.; McKinnon, C.; Chen, C.; Olsson, C.; Olah, C.; Hernandez, D.; Drain, D.; Ganguli, D.; Li, D.; Tran-Johnson, E.; Perez, E.; Kerr, J.; Mueller, J.; Ladish, J.; Landau, J.; Ndousse, K.; Lukosuite, K.; Lovitt, L.; Sellitto, M.; Elhage, N.; Schiefer, N.; Mercado, N.; DasSarma, N.; Lasenby, R.; Larson, R.; Ringer, S.; Johnston, S.; Kravec, S.; Showk, S. E.; Fort, S.; Lanham, T.; Telleen-Lawton, T.; Conerly, T.; Henighan, T.; Hume, T.; Bowman, S. R.; Hatfield-Dodds, Z.; Mann, B.; Amodei, D.; Joseph, N.; McCandlish, S.; Brown, T.; and Kaplan, J. 2022 · 2022

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Human-level play in the game of Diplomacy by combining language models with strategic reasoning

FAIR, M. F. A. R.; et al. 2022 · 2022

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Wargaming for International Relations

Lin-Greenberg, E.; Pauly, R. B.; and Schneider, J. G. 2022 · 2022

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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Ouyang, L.; Wu, J.; Jiang, X.; Almeida, D.; Wainwright, C. L.; Mishkin, P.; Zhang, C.; Agarwal, S.; Slama, K.; Ray, A.; Schulman, J.; Hilton, J.; Kelton, F.; Miller, L.; Simens, M.; Askell, A.; Welinder, P.; Christiano, P.; Leike, J.; and Lowe, R. 2022 · 2022

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Using Large Language Models to Simulate Multiple Humans and Replicate Human Subject Studies

Aher, G.; Arriaga, R. I.; and Kalai, A. T. 2023 · 2023

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The Fourth International Verification of Neural Networks Competition (VNN-COMP 2023): Summary and Results

Original

Brix, C.; Bak, S.; Liu, C.; and Johnson, T. T. 2023 · 2023

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Open Problems and Fundamental Limitations of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

Casper, S.; Davies, X.; Shi, C.; Gilbert, T. K.; Scheurer, J.; Rando, J.; Freedman, R.; Korbak, T.; Lindner, D.; Freire, P.; Wang, T. T.; Marks, S.; Segerie, C.-R.; Carroll, M.; Peng, A.; Christoffersen, P.; Damani, M.; Slocum, S.; Anwar, U.; Siththaranjan, A.; Nadeau, M.; Michaud, E. J.; Pfau, J.; Krasheninnikov, D.; Chen, X.; Langosco, L.; Hase, P.; Biyik, E.; Dragan, A.; Krueger, D.; Sadigh, D.; and Hadfield-Menell, D. 2023 · 2023

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Using large language models in psychology

Demszky, D.; Yang, D.; Yeager, D. S.; Bryan, C. J.; Clapper, M.; Chandhok, S.; Eichstaedt, J. C.; Hecht, C.; Jamieson, J.; Johnson, M.; Jones, M.; Krettek-Cobb, D.; Lai, L.; JonesMitchell, N.; Ong, D. C.; Dweck, C. S.; Gross, J. J.; and Pennebaker, J. W. 2023 · 2023

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Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?

Santurkar, S.; Durmus, E.; Ladhak, F.; Lee, C.; Liang, P.; and Hashimoto, T. 2023 · 2023

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Student of Games: A unified learning algorithm for both perfect and imperfect information games

Schmid, M.; Moravčík, M.; Burch, N.; Kadlec, R.; Davidson, J.; Waugh, K.; Bard, N.; Timbers, F.; Lanctot, M.; Holland, G. Z.; Davoodi, E.; Christianson, A.; and Bowling, M. 2023 · 2023

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Role play with large language models

Shanahan, M.; McDonell, K.; and Reynolds, L. 2023 · 2023

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Large language model as autonomous decision maker

Original

Ye, Y.; Cong, X.; Qin, Y.; Lin, Y.; Liu, Z.; and Sun, M. 2023 · 2023

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OpenAI Quietly Deletes Ban on Using ChatGPT for ‘Military and Warfare’

Biddle, S. 2024 · 2024

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