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Retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs) have demonstrated significant potential in refining and expanding their internal memory by retrieving evidence from external sources.
Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Chris Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei. 2020 · 1901
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Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises
Raymond S Nickerson. 1998 · 1998
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Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments
Justin Kruger and David Dunning. 1999 · 1999
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The dunning–kruger effect: On being ignorant of one’s own ignorance
David Dunning. 2011 · 2011
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TriviaQA: A large scale distantly supervised challenge dataset for reading comprehension
Mandar Joshi, Eunsol Choi, Daniel Weld, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2017 · 2017
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Natural Questions: A Benchmark for Question Answering Research
Tom Kwiatkowski, Jennimaria Palomaki, Olivia Redfield, Michael Collins, Ankur Parikh, Chris Alberti, Danielle Epstein, Illia Polosukhin, Jacob Devlin, Kenton Lee, Kristina Toutanova, Llion Jones, Matthew Kelcey, Ming-Wei Chang, Andrew M. Dai, Jakob Uszkoreit, Quoc Le, and Slav Petrov. 2019 · 2019
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Retrieval augmented language model pre-training
Kelvin Guu, Kenton Lee, Zora Tung, Panupong Pasupat, and Mingwei Chang. 2020 · 2020
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Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks
Patrick Lewis, Ethan Perez, Aleksandra Piktus, Fabio Petroni, Vladimir Karpukhin, Naman Goyal, Heinrich Küttler, Mike Lewis, Wen-tau Yih, Tim Rocktäschel, et al. 2020 · 2020
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Leveraging passage retrieval with generative models for open domain question answering
Gautier Izacard and Edouard Grave. 2021 · 2021
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Entity-based knowledge conflicts in question answering
Shayne Longpre, Kartik Perisetla, Anthony Chen, Nikhil Ramesh, Chris DuBois, and Sameer Singh. 2021 · 2021
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KILT: a benchmark for knowledge intensive language tasks
Fabio Petroni, Aleksandra Piktus, Angela Fan, Patrick Lewis, Majid Yazdani, Nicola De Cao, James Thorne, Yacine Jernite, Vladimir Karpukhin, Jean Maillard, Vassilis Plachouras, Tim Rocktäschel, and Sebastian Riedel. 2021 · 2021
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Rich knowledge sources bring complex knowledge conflicts: Recalibrating models to reflect conflicting evidence
Hung-Ting Chen, Michael Zhang, and Eunsol Choi. 2022 · 2022
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Scaling instruction-finetuned language models
Hyung Won Chung, Le Hou, Shayne Longpre, Barret Zoph, Yi Tay, William Fedus, Eric Li, Xuezhi Wang, Mostafa Dehghani, Siddhartha Brahma, et al. 2022 · 2022
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LoRA: Low-rank adaptation of large language models
Edward J Hu, yelong shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen. 2022 · 2022
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TemporalWiki: A lifelong benchmark for training and evaluating ever-evolving language models
Joel Jang, Seonghyeon Ye, Changho Lee, Sohee Yang, Joongbo Shin, Janghoon Han, Gyeonghun Kim, and Minjoon Seo. 2022 · 2022
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Musique: Multihop questions via single-hop question composition
Harsh Trivedi, Niranjan Balasubramanian, Tushar Khot, and Ashish Sabharwal. 2022 · 2022
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Evaluating correctness and faithfulness of instruction-following models for question answering
Vaibhav Adlakha, Parishad BehnamGhader, Xing Han Lu, Nicholas Meade, and Siva Reddy. 2023 · 2023
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Survey of hallucination in natural language generation
Ziwei Ji, Nayeon Lee, Rita Frieske, Tiezheng Yu, Dan Su, Yan Xu, Etsuko Ishii, Ye Jin Bang, Andrea Madotto, and Pascale Fung. 2023 · 2023
Investigating the factual knowledge boundary of large language models with retrieval augmentation
Ruiyang Ren, Yuhao Wang, Yingqi Qu, Wayne Xin Zhao, Jing Liu, Hao Tian, Hua Wu, Ji-Rong Wen, and Haifeng Wang. 2023 · 2023
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The confidence-competence gap in large language models: A cognitive study
Aniket Kumar Singh, Suman Devkota, Bishal Lamichhane, Uttam Dhakal, and Chandra Dhakal. 2023 · 2023
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Aviv Slobodkin, Omer Goldman, Avi Caciularu, Ido Dagan, and Shauli Ravfogel. 2023 · 2023
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Kai Sun, Yifan Ethan Xu, Hanwen Zha, Yue Liu, and Xin Luna Dong. 2023 · 2023
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Instructor: Instructing unsupervised conversational dense retrieval with large language models
Zhuoran Jin, Pengfei Cao, Yubo Chen, Kang Liu, and Jun Zhao. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Large language models struggle to learn long-tail knowledge
Nikhil Kandpal, Haikang Deng, Adam Roberts, Eric Wallace, and Colin Raffel. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
Contrastive decoding: Open-ended text generation as optimization
Xiang Lisa Li, Ari Holtzman, Daniel Fried, Percy Liang, Jason Eisner, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Mike Lewis. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
DisentQA: Disentangling parametric and contextual knowledge with counterfactual question answering
Ella Neeman, Roee Aharoni, Or Honovich, Leshem Choshen, Idan Szpektor, and Omri Abend. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
OpenAI. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
" merge conflicts!" exploring the impacts of external distractors to parametric knowledge graphs
Cheng Qian, Xinran Zhao, and Sherry Tongshuang Wu. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
In-context retrieval-augmented language models
Ori Ram, Yoav Levine, Itay Dalmedigos, Dor Muhlgay, Amnon Shashua, Kevin Leyton-Brown, and Yoav Shoham. 2023 · 2023
Cited alongside, same era.
UL2: Unifying language learning paradigms
Yi Tay, Mostafa Dehghani, Vinh Q. Tran, Xavier Garcia, Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Hyung Won Chung, Dara Bahri, Tal Schuster, Steven Zheng, Denny Zhou, Neil Houlsby, and Donald Metzler. 2023 · 2023
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Llama 2: Open foundation and fine-tuned chat models
Hugo Touvron, Louis Martin, Kevin Stone, Peter Albert, Amjad Almahairi, Yasmine Babaei, Nikolay Bashlykov, Soumya Batra, Prajjwal Bhargava, Shruti Bhosale, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Resolving knowledge conflicts in large language models
Yike Wang, Shangbin Feng, Heng Wang, Weijia Shi, Vidhisha Balachandran, Tianxing He, and Yulia Tsvetkov. 2023 · 2023
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Jian Xie, Kai Zhang, Jiangjie Chen, Renze Lou, and Yu Su. 2023 · 2023
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Baichuan 2: Open large-scale language models
Aiyuan Yang, Bin Xiao, Bingning Wang, Borong Zhang, Chao Yin, Chenxu Lv, Da Pan, Dian Wang, Dong Yan, Fan Yang, et al. 2023 · 2023
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Generate rather than retrieve: Large language models are strong context generators
Wenhao Yu, Dan Iter, Shuohang Wang, Yichong Xu, Mingxuan Ju, Soumya Sanyal, Chenguang Zhu, Michael Zeng, and Meng Jiang. 2023 · 2023
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Physics of language models: Part 3.1, knowledge storage and extraction
Zeyuan Allen Zhu and Yuanzhi Li. 2023 · 2023
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When not to trust language models: Investigating effectiveness of parametric and non-parametric memories
Alex Mallen, Akari Asai, Victor Zhong, Rajarshi Das, Daniel Khashabi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2023 · 2023
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