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Have Large Language Models (LLMs) developed a personality? The short answer is a resounding "We Don't Know!".
Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers
R. R. McCrae and P. T. Costa · 1987
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Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model
J. M. Digman · 1990
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An alternative" description of personality": the big-five factor structure
L. R. Goldberg · 1990
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The structure of phenotypic personality traits
L. R. Goldberg · 1993
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The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives
J. S. Wiggins · 1996
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A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models
L. R. Goldberg et al · 1999
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The big five personality factors: the psycholexical approach to personality
B. De Raad · 2000
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The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures
L. R. Goldberg, J. A. Johnson, H. W. Eber, R. Hogan, M. C. Ashton, C. R. Cloninger, and H. G. Gough · 2006
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The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures
L. R. Goldberg, J. A. Johnson, H. W. Eber, R. Hogan, M. C. Ashton, C. R. Cloninger, and H. G. Gough · 2006
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Does response scale format affect the answering of personality scales? assessing the big five dimensions of personality with different response scales in a dependent sample
B. Rammstedt and D. Krebs · 2007
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Analyzing and interpreting data from likert-type scales
G. M. Sullivan and A. R. Artino Jr · 2013
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Measuring thirty facets of the five factor model with a 120-item public domain inventory: Development of the ipip-neo-120
J. A. Johnson · 2014
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Measuring thirty facets of the five factor model with a 120-item public domain inventory: Development of the ipip-neo-120
J. A. Johnson · 2014
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Assessing the big five personality traits with latent semantic analysis
P. J. Kwantes, N. Derbentseva, Q. Lam, O. Vartanian, and H. H. Marmurek · 2016
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Big five personality traits: The ocean model explained
C. Ackerman · 2017
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Attention is all you need
A. Vaswani, N. Shazeer, N. Parmar, J. Uszkoreit, L. Jones, A. N. Gomez, Ł. Kaiser, and I. Polosukhin · 2017
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Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
J. Devlin, M.-W. Chang, K. Lee, and K. Toutanova · 2018
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The curious case of neural text degeneration
A. Holtzman, J. Buys, L. Du, M. Forbes, and Y. Choi · 2019
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Language models as knowledge bases?
F. Petroni, T. Rocktäschel, P. Lewis, A. Bakhtin, Y. Wu, A. H. Miller, and S. Riedel · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Language models are unsupervised multitask learners
A. Radford, J. Wu, R. Child, D. Luan, D. Amodei, I. Sutskever, et al · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Universal adversarial triggers for attacking and analyzing nlp
E. Wallace, S. Feng, N. Kandpal, M. Gardner, and S. Singh · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Huggingface’s transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing
T. Wolf, L. Debut, V. Sanh, J. Chaumond, C. Delangue, A. Moi, P. Cistac, T. Rault, R. Louf, M. Funtowicz, et al · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Language models are few-shot learners
T. Brown, B. Mann, N. Ryder, M. Subbiah, J. D. Kaplan, P. Dhariwal, A. Neelakantan, P. Shyam, G. Sastry, A. Askell, et al · 2020
Gpt-neox-20b: An open-source autoregressive language model
S. Black, S. Biderman, E. Hallahan, Q. Anthony, L. Gao, L. Golding, H. He, C. Leahy, K. McDonell, J. Phang, et al · 2022
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Identifying and manipulating the personality traits of language models
G. Caron and S. Srivastava · 2022
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Training compute-optimal large language models
J. Hoffmann, S. Borgeaud, A. Mensch, E. Buchatskaya, T. Cai, E. Rutherford, D. d. L. Casas, L. A. Hendricks, J. Welbl, A. Clark, et al · 2022
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Mpi: Evaluating and inducing personality in pre-trained language models
G. Jiang, M. Xu, S.-C. Zhu, W. Han, C. Zhang, and Y. Zhu · 2022
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alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.
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Cited alongside, same era.
The pile: An 800gb dataset of diverse text for language modeling
L. Gao, S. Biderman, S. Black, L. Golding, T. Hoppe, C. Foster, J. Phang, H. He, A. Thite, N. Nabeshima, et al · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
How can we know what language models know?
Z. Jiang, F. F. Xu, J. Araki, and G. Neubig · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Bottom-up and top-down: Predicting personality with psycholinguistic and language model features
Y. Mehta, S. Fatehi, A. Kazameini, C. Stachl, E. Cambria, and S. Eetemadi · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Autoprompt: Eliciting knowledge from language models with automatically generated prompts
T. Shin, Y. Razeghi, R. L. Logan IV, E. Wallace, and S. Singh · 2020
Cited alongside, same era.
Gpt-neo: Large scale autoregressive language modeling with mesh-tensorflow
S. Black, L. Gao, P. Wang, C. Leahy, and S. Biderman · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Text based personality prediction from multiple social media data sources using pre-trained language model and model averaging
H. Christian, D. Suhartono, A. Chowanda, and K. Z. Zamli · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
The power of scale for parameter-efficient prompt tuning
B. Lester, R. Al-Rfou, and N. Constant · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
S. R. Karra, S. Nguyen, and T. Tulabandhula · 2022
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Chatgpt - https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt#OpenAI
OpenAI · 2022
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Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
L. Ouyang, J. Wu, X. Jiang, D. Almeida, C. Wainwright, P. Mishkin, C. Zhang, S. Agarwal, K. Slama, A. Ray, et al · 2022
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Effects of response option order on likert-type psychometric properties and reactions
C. Robie, A. W. Meade, S. D. Risavy, and S. Rasheed · 2022
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Leveraging large language models for multiple choice question answering
J. Robinson, C. M. Rytting, and D. Wingate · 2022
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An information-theoretic approach to prompt engineering without ground truth labels
T. Sorensen, J. Robinson, C. M. Rytting, A. G. Shaw, K. J. Rogers, A. P. Delorey, M. Khalil, N. Fulda, and D. Wingate · 2022
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Opt: Open pre-trained transformer language models
S. Zhang, S. Roller, N. Goyal, M. Artetxe, M. Chen, S. Chen, C. Dewan, M. Diab, X. Li, X. V. Lin, et al · 2022
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Definition of Personality
A. P. Association · 2023
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Definition of Personality Traits
A. P. Association · 2023
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https://github.com/Significant-Gravitas/Auto-GPT
AutoGPT · 2023
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Sparks of artificial general intelligence: Early experiments with gpt-4
S. Bubeck, V. Chandrasekaran, R. Eldan, J. Gehrke, E. Horvitz, E. Kamar, P. Lee, Y. T. Lee, Y. Li, S. Lundberg, et al · 2023
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Gpt-4 technical report - https://cdn.openai.com/papers/gpt-4.pdf
OpenAI · 2023
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The inside story of chatgpt’s astonishing potential - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_78DM8fG6E
OpenAI · 2023
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