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Large language models can perform new tasks in a zero-shot fashion, given natural language prompts that specify the desired behavior.
Language models are few-shot learners
Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, et al. 2020 · 1901
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The pascal recognising textual entailment challenge
Ido Dagan, Oren Glickman, and Bernardo Magnini. 2005 · 2005
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Hidden factors and hidden topics: understanding rating dimensions with review text
Julian McAuley and Jure Leskovec. 2013 · 2013
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Recursive deep models for semantic compositionality over a sentiment treebank
Richard Socher, Alex Perelygin, Jean Wu, Jason Chuang, Christopher D. Manning, Andrew Ng, and Christopher Potts. 2013 · 2013
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Character-level convolutional networks for text classification
Xiang Zhang, Junbo Jake Zhao, and Yann LeCun. 2015 · 2015
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A diversity-promoting objective function for neural conversation models
Jiwei Li, Michel Galley, Chris Brockett, Jianfeng Gao, and Bill Dolan. 2016 · 2016
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Decoupled weight decay regularization
Ilya Loshchilov and Frank Hutter. 2018 · 2018
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The curious case of neural text degeneration
Ari Holtzman, Jan Buys, Li Du, Maxwell Forbes, and Yejin Choi. 2019 · 2019
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Language models are unsupervised multitask learners
Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, Ilya Sutskever, et al. 2019 · 2019
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The pile: An 800gb dataset of diverse text for language modeling
Leo Gao, Stella Biderman, Sid Black, Laurence Golding, Travis Hoppe, Charles Foster, Jason Phang, Horace He, Anish Thite, Noa Nabeshima, et al. 2020 · 2020
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Autoprompt: Eliciting knowledge from language models with automatically generated prompts
Taylor Shin, Yasaman Razeghi, Robert L Logan IV, Eric Wallace, and Sameer Singh. 2020 · 2020
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Openprompt: An open-source framework for prompt-learning
Ning Ding, Shengding Hu, Weilin Zhao, Yulin Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, Hai-Tao Zheng, and Maosong Sun. 2021 · 2021
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WARP: Word-level Adversarial ReProgramming
Karen Hambardzumyan, Hrant Khachatrian, and Jonathan May. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Surface form competition: Why the highest probability answer isn’t always right
Ari Holtzman, Peter West, Vered Shwartz, Yejin Choi, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2021 · 2021
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Prompt waywardness: The curious case of discretized interpretation of continuous prompts
Daniel Khashabi, Shane Lyu, Sewon Min, Lianhui Qin, Kyle Richardson, Sean Welleck, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, Sameer Singh, and Yejin Choi. 2021 · 2021
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The power of scale for parameter-efficient prompt tuning
Brian Lester, Rami Al-Rfou, and Noah Constant. 2021 · 2021
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Xiao Liu, Yanan Zheng, Zhengxiao Du, Ming Ding, Yujie Qian, Zhilin Yang, and Jie Tang. 2021 · 2021
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On the relation between sensitivity and accuracy in in-context learning
Yanda Chen, Chen Zhao, Zhou Yu, Kathleen McKeown, and He He. 2022 · 2022
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Rlprompt: Optimizing discrete text prompts with reinforcement learning
Mingkai Deng, Jianyu Wang, Cheng-Ping Hsieh, Yihan Wang, Han Guo, Tianmin Shu, Meng Song, Eric P Xing, and Zhiting Hu. 2022 · 2022
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Demystifying prompts in language models via perplexity estimation
Hila Gonen, Srini Iyer, Terra Blevins, Noah A Smith, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2022 · 2022
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Large language models are zero-shot reasoners
Takeshi Kojima, Shixiang Shane Gu, Machel Reid, Yutaka Matsuo, and Yusuke Iwasawa. 2022 · 2022
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Swaroop Mishra, Daniel Khashabi, Chitta Baral, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Learning how to ask: Querying LMs with mixtures of soft prompts
Guanghui Qin and Jason Eisner. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Multitask prompted training enables zero-shot task generalization
Victor Sanh, Albert Webson, Colin Raffel, Stephen H. Bach, Lintang Sutawika, Zaid Alyafeai, Antoine Chaffin, Arnaud Stiegler, Teven Le Scao, Arun Raja, Manan Dey, M. Saiful Bari, Canwen Xu, Urmish Thakker, Shanya Sharma, Eliza Szczechla, Taewoon Kim, Gunjan Chhablani, Nihal V. Nayak, Debajyoti Datta, Jonathan Chang, Mike Tian-Jian Jiang, Han Wang, Matteo Manica, Sheng Shen, Zheng Xin Yong, Harshit Pandey, Rachel Bawden, Thomas Wang, Trishala Neeraj, Jos Rozen, Abheesht Sharma, Andrea Santilli, Thibault Févry, Jason Alan Fries, Ryan Teehan, Stella Biderman, Leo Gao, Tali Bers, Thomas Wolf, and Alexander M. Rush. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Exploiting cloze-questions for few-shot text classification and natural language inference
Timo Schick and Hinrich Schütze. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Do prompt-based models really understand the meaning of their prompts?
Albert Webson and Ellie Pavlick. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Calibrate before use: Improving few-shot performance of language models
Zihao Zhao, Eric Wallace, Shi Feng, Dan Klein, and Sameer Singh. 2021 · 2021
Cited alongside, same era.
Promptsource: An integrated development environment and repository for natural language prompts
Stephen Bach, Victor Sanh, Zheng Xin Yong, Albert Webson, Colin Raffel, Nihal V Nayak, Abheesht Sharma, Taewoon Kim, M Saiful Bari, Thibault Févry, et al. 2022 · 2022
Cited alongside, same era.
Sachin Kumar, Biswajit Paria, and Yulia Tsvetkov. 2022 · 2022
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What makes good in-context examples for gpt-3?
Jiachang Liu, Dinghan Shen, Yizhe Zhang, William B Dolan, Lawrence Carin, and Weizhu Chen. 2022 · 2022
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Fantastically ordered prompts and where to find them: Overcoming few-shot prompt order sensitivity
Yao Lu, Max Bartolo, Alastair Moore, Sebastian Riedel, and Pontus Stenetorp. 2022 · 2022
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Rethinking the role of demonstrations: What makes in-context learning work?
Sewon Min, Xinxi Lyu, Ari Holtzman, Mikel Artetxe, Mike Lewis, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2022 · 2022
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Grips: Gradient-free, edit-based instruction search for prompting large language models
Archiki Prasad, Peter Hase, Xiang Zhou, and Mohit Bansal. 2022 · 2022
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Super-naturalinstructions: Generalization via declarative instructions on 1600+ nlp tasks
Yizhong Wang, Swaroop Mishra, Pegah Alipoormolabashi, Yeganeh Kordi, Amirreza Mirzaei, Anjana Arunkumar, Arjun Ashok, Arut Selvan Dhanasekaran, Atharva Naik, David Stap, Eshaan Pathak, Giannis Karamanolakis, Haizhi Gary Lai, Ishan Purohit, Ishani Mondal, Jacob Anderson, Kirby Kuznia, Krima Doshi, Maitreya Patel, Kuntal Kumar Pal, Mehrad Moradshahi, Mihir Parmar, Mirali Purohit, Neeraj Varshney, Phani Rohitha Kaza, Pulkit Verma, Ravsehaj Singh Puri, Rushang Karia, Shailaja Keyur Sampat, Savan Doshi, Siddhartha Mishra, Sujan Reddy, Sumanta Patro, Tanay Dixit, Xudong Shen, Chitta Baral, Yejin Choi, Noah A. Smith, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Daniel Khashabi. 2022 · 2022
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Large language models are human-level prompt engineers
Yongchao Zhou, Andrei Ioan Muresanu, Ziwen Han, Keiran Paster, Silviu Pitis, Harris Chan, and Jimmy Ba. 2022 · 2022
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