2022

Spectroastrometry and Reverberation Mapping: the Mass and Geometric Distance of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Quasar 3C 273

Li, Yan-Rong, Wang, Jian-Min, Songsheng, Yu-Yang et al.

Understand

The quasar 3C 273 has been observed with infrared spectroastrometry (SA) on broad Pa$\alpha$ line and optical reverberation mapping (RM) on broad H$\beta$ line.

SA delivers information about the angular size and structure of the Pa$\alpha$ broad-line region (BLR), while RM delivers information about the physical size and structure of the H$\beta$ BLR.
Based on the fact that the two BLRs share the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) and viewing inclination, a combination of SA and velocity-resolved RM (SARM) thereby allows us to simultaneously determine the SMBH mass and geometric distance through dynamically modeling the two BLRs.
We construct a suite of dynamical models with different geometric configurations and apply a Bayesian approach to obtain the parameter inferences.

Built on

Woltjer, L. 1959, ApJ, 130, 38. 10.1086/146694
1959
Earlier work this paper cites.
Burbidge, E. M., Burbidge, G. R., & Prendergast, K. H. 1963, ApJ, 137, 1022. 10.1086/147580
1963
Earlier work this paper cites.
Salpeter, E. E. 1964, ApJ, 140, 796. 10.1086/147973
1964
Earlier work this paper cites.
Sandage, A. R. 1965, AJ, 70, 690. 10.1086/109571
1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
Hoyle, F. & Burbidge, G. R. 1966, ApJ, 144, 534. 10.1086/148635
1966
Earlier work this paper cites.
Longair, M. S. & Scheuer, P. A. G. 1967, Nature, 215, 919. 10.1038/215919a0
1967
Earlier work this paper cites.
Schmidt, M. 1968, ApJ, 151, 393. 10.1086/149446
1968
Earlier work this paper cites.
Bahcall, J. N., Kozlovsky, B.-Z., & Salpeter, E. E. 1972, ApJ, 171, 467. 10.1086/151300
1972
Earlier work this paper cites.
Bahcall, J. N. & Hills, R. E. 1973, ApJ, 179, 699. 10.1086/151909
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
Baldwin, J. A. 1977, ApJ, 214, 679. 10.1086/155294
1977
Earlier work this paper cites.
Rees, M. J. 1977, Eighth Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, 302, 613. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb37079.x
1977
Earlier work this paper cites.
Beckers, J. M. 1982, Optica Acta, 29, 361. 10.1080/713820871
1982
Earlier work this paper cites.
Blandford, R. D. & McKee, C. F. 1982, ApJ, 255, 419. 10.1086/159843
1982
Earlier work this paper cites.
Roeser, H.-J. & Meisenheimer, K. 1991, A&A, 252, 458
1991
Earlier work this paper cites.
Boroson, T. A. & Green, R. F. 1992, ApJS, 80, 109. 10.1086/191661
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
Goad, M. R., O’Brien, P. T., & Gondhalekar, P. M. 1993, MNRAS, 263, 149. 10.1093/mnras/263.1.149
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
Peterson, B. M. 1993, PASP, 105, 247. 10.1086/133140
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
Rodríguez-Pascual, P. M., Alloin, D., Clavel, J., et al. 1997, ApJS, 110, 9. 10.1086/312996
1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
Bailey, J. A. 1998, Proc. SPIE, 3355, 932. 10.1117/12.316802
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
Courvoisier, T. J.-L. 1998, A&A Rev., 9, 1. 10.1007/s001590050013
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
Peterson, B. M., Wanders, I., Bertram, R., et al. 1998, ApJ, 501, 82. 10.1086/305813
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
Fitzpatrick, E. L. 1999, PASP, 111, 63. 10.1086/316293
1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
Kaspi, S., Smith, P. S., Netzer, H., et al. 2000, ApJ, 533, 631. 10.1086/308704
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
Lobanov, A. P. & Zensus, J. A. 2001, Science, 294, 128. 10.1126/science.1063239
2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
Elvis, M. & Karovska, M. 2002, ApJ, 581, L67. 10.1086/346015
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
Smith, J. E., Young, S., Robinson, A., et al. 2002, MNRAS, 335, 773. 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05665.x
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
Véron, P., Gonçalves, A. C., & Véron-Cetty, M.-P. 2002, A&A, 384, 826. 10.1051/0004-6361:20020072
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
Jeffreys, H. 2003, Theory of Probability, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press), p. 432
2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
Korista, K. T. & Goad, M. R. 2004, ApJ, 606, 749. 10.1086/383193
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
Martini, P. 2004, in Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, ed. L. C. Ho (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 169
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
Peterson, B. M., Ferrarese, L., Gilbert, K. M., et al. 2004, ApJ, 613, 682. 10.1086/423269
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
Cackett, E. M. & Horne, K. 2006, MNRAS, 365, 1180. 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09795.x
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.
Osterbrock, D. E. & Ferland, G. J. 2006, Astrophysics of Gaseous Nebulae and Active Galactic Nuclei (Sausalito, CA: Univ. Science Books)
2006
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

Savolainen, T., Wiik, K., Valtaoja, E., et al. 2006, A&A, 446, 71. 10.1051/0004-6361:20053753
2006
Cited alongside, same era.
Sivia, D., & Skilling, D. 2006, Data Analysis: A Bayesian Tutorial (New York: Oxford Univ. Press)
2006
Cited alongside, same era.
Landt, H., Bentz, M. C., Ward, M. J., et al. 2008, ApJS, 174, 282. 10.1086/522373
2008
Cited alongside, same era.
Smith, P. S., Montiel, E., Rightley, S., et al. 2009, arXiv:0912.3621
Original
2009
Cited alongside, same era.
Denney, K. D., Peterson, B. M., Pogge, R. W., et al. 2010, ApJ, 721, 715. 10.1088/0004-637X/721/1/715
2010
Cited alongside, same era.
Gregory, P. C. 2011, MNRAS, 410, 94. 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17428.x
2010
Cited alongside, same era.
Kim, D., Im, M., & Kim, M. 2010, ApJ, 724, 386. 10.1088/0004-637X/724/1/386
2010
Cited alongside, same era.
Brewer, B. J., Páatay, L. B, & Csányi, G. 2011, Stat. Comput., 21, 649. 10.1007/s11222-010-9198-8
2011
Cited alongside, same era.
Richards, J. L., Max-Moerbeck, W., Pavlidou, V., et al. 2011, ApJS, 194, 29. 10.1088/0067-0049/194/2/29
2011
Cited alongside, same era.
Bonning, E., Urry, C. M., Bailyn, C., et al. 2012, ApJ, 756, 13. 10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/13
2012
Cited alongside, same era.
Hu, C., Wang, J.-M., Ho, L. C., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 126. 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/126
2012
Cited alongside, same era.
Barth, A. J., Pancoast, A., Bennert, V. N., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 128. 10.1088/0004-637X/769/2/128
2013
Cited alongside, same era.

Then

Grier, C. J., Pancoast, A., Barth, A. J., et al. 2017, ApJ, 849, 146. 10.3847/1538-4357/aa901b
2017
Later among the works it cites.
Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Morozova, D. A., et al. 2017, ApJ, 846, 98. 10.3847/1538-4357/aa8407
2017
Later among the works it cites.
Kochanek, C. S., Shappee, B. J., Stanek, K. Z., et al. 2017, PASP, 129, 104502. 10.1088/1538-3873/aa80d9
2017
Later among the works it cites.
Wang, J.-M., Du, P., Brotherton, M. S., et al. 2017, Nature Astronomy, 1, 775. 10.1038/s41550-017-0264-4
2017
Later among the works it cites.
Brewer, B., & Foreman-Mackey, D. 2018, Journal of Statistical Software, 86, 1. 10.18637/jss.v086.i07
2018
Later among the works it cites.
De Rosa, G., Fausnaugh, M. M., Grier, C. J., et al. 2018, ApJ, 866, 133. 10.3847/1538-4357/aadd11
2018
Later among the works it cites.
Du, P., Brotherton, M. S., Wang, K., et al. 2018, ApJ, 869, 142. 10.3847/1538-4357/aaed2c
2018
Later among the works it cites.
Gravity Collaboration, Sturm, E., Dexter, J., et al. 2018, Nature, 563, 657. 10.1038/s41586-018-0731-9
2018
Later among the works it cites.
Li, Y.-R., Songsheng, Y.-Y., Qiu, J., et al. 2018, ApJ, 869, 137. 10.3847/1538-4357/aaee6b
2018
Later among the works it cites.
Songsheng, Y.-Y. & Wang, J.-M. 2018, MNRAS, 473, L1. 10.1093/mnrasl/slx154
2018
Later among the works it cites.
Williams, P. R., Pancoast, A., Treu, T., et al. 2018, ApJ, 866, 75. 10.3847/1538-4357/aae086
2018
Later among the works it cites.
Du, P. & Wang, J.-M. 2019, ApJ, 886, 42. 10.3847/1538-4357/ab4908
2019
Later among the works it cites.
Risaliti, G. & Lusso, E. 2019, Nature Astronomy, 3, 272. 10.1038/s41550-018-0657-z
2019
Later among the works it cites.
Songsheng, Y.-Y., Wang, J.-M., & Li, Y.-R. 2019, ApJ, 883, 184. 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3c5e
2019
Later among the works it cites.
Zhang, Z.-X., Du, P., Smith, P. S., et al. 2019, ApJ, 876, 49. 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1099
Original
2019
Later among the works it cites.
Li, Y.-R. 2020, CDNest: A diffusive nested sampling code in C, v0.2.0, Zenodo, 10.5281/zenodo.3884449
2020
Later among the works it cites.
Li, Y.-R., Zhang, Z.-X., Jin, C., et al. 2020, ApJ, 897, 18. 10.3847/1538-4357/ab95a3
2020
Later among the works it cites.
Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., et al. 2020, A&A, 641, A6. 10.1051/0004-6361/201833910
2020
Later among the works it cites.
Wang, J.-M., Songsheng, Y.-Y., Li, Y.-R., et al. 2020, Nature Astronomy, 4, 517. 10.1038/s41550-019-0979-5
2020
Later among the works it cites.
Williams, P. R., Pancoast, A., Treu, T., et al. 2020, ApJ, 902, 74. 10.3847/1538-4357/abbad7
2020
Later among the works it cites.
Alsing, J. & Handley, W. 2021, MNRAS, 505, L95. 10.1093/mnrasl/slab057
2021
Later among the works it cites.
Bosco, F., Hennawi, J. F., Stern, J. et al. 2021, ApJ in press (arXiv: 2106.15900)
2021
Later among the works it cites.
Durré, M. & Mould, J. 2021, arXiv:2110.03890
Original
2021
Later among the works it cites.
Gravity Collaboration, Amorim, A., Bauböck, M., et al. 2021b, A&A, 654, A85. 10.1051/0004-6361/202141426
2021
Later among the works it cites.
Papamakarios, G., Nalisnick, E., Rezende, D. J., Mohamed, S., Lakshminarayanan, B. 2021, Journal of Machine Learning Research, 22, 1
2021
Later among the works it cites.
Songsheng, Y.-Y., Li, Y.-R., Du, P., et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 57. 10.3847/1538-4365/abe539
2021
Later among the works it cites.
Zhang, X., He, Z., Wang, T., et al. 2021, ApJ, 914, 143. 10.3847/1538-4357/abfb6b
2021
Later among the works it cites.
Afanasiev, V. L. & Popović, L. Č. 2015, ApJ, 800, L35. 10.1088/2041-8205/800/2/L35
2041
Closest in time.
Barth, A. J., Boizelle, B. D., Darling, J., et al. 2016, ApJ, 822, L28. 10.3847/2041-8205/822/2/L28
2041
Closest in time.
La Franca, F., Bianchi, S., Ponti, G., et al. 2014, ApJ, 787, L12. 10.1088/2041-8205/787/1/L12
2041
Closest in time.
Watson, D., Denney, K. D., Vestergaard, M., et al. 2011, ApJ, 740, L49. 10.1088/2041-8205/740/2/L49
2041
Closest in time.
Williams, P. R., Treu, T., Dahle, H., et al. 2021, ApJ, 915, L9. 10.3847/2041-8213/ac081b
2041
Closest in time.

Beyond the bibliography

alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.

Open on alphaXiv

alphaXiv is searching for related work…

Reading the bibliography…