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This two-part comprehensive survey is devoted to a computing framework most commonly known under the names Hyperdimensional Computing and Vector Symbolic Architectures (HDC/VSA).
Generating Hyperdimensional Distributed Representations from Continuous Valued Multivariate Sensory Input
Räsänen, O. (2015) · 1948
Earlier work this paper cites.
Holographic Embeddings of Knowledge Graphs
Nickel, M., Rosasco, L., and Poggio, T. (2016) · 1961
Earlier work this paper cites.
Theoretical Foundations of the Potential Function Method in Pattern Recognition
Aiserman, M. A., Braverman, E. M., and Rozonoer, L. I. (1964) · 1964
Earlier work this paper cites.
Holographic Model of Temporal Recall
Longuet-Higgins, H. C. (1968) · 1968
Earlier work this paper cites.
Space/Time Trade-offs in Hash Coding with Allowable Errors
Bloom, B. H. (1970) · 1970
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Convolution and Correlation Algebras
Borsellino, A. and Poggio, T. (1973) · 1973
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A Model for Visual Shape Recognition
Milner, P. M. (1974) · 1974
Earlier work this paper cites.
Data Storage in the Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC)
Albus, J. S. (1975) · 1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search
Newell, A. and Simon, H. A. (1976) · 1976
Earlier work this paper cites.
Implementing Semantic Networks in Parallel Hardware
Hinton, G. E. (1981) · 1981
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A Composite Holographic Associative Recall Model
Eich, J. M. (1982) · 1982
Earlier work this paper cites.
A Theory for the Storage and Retrieval of Item and Associative Information
Murdock, B. B. (1982) · 1982
Earlier work this paper cites.
Extensions of Lipschitz Mapping into Hilbert Space
Johnson, W. B. and Lindenstrauss, J. (1984) · 1984
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Distributed Representations
Hinton, G. E., McClelland, J. L., and Rumelhart, D. E. (1986) · 1986
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Am I thinking assemblies?
von der Malsburg, C. (1986) · 1986
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Some Algebraic Relations between Involutions, Convolutions, and Correlations, with Applications to Holographic Memories
Schönemann, P. H. (1987) · 1987
Earlier work this paper cites.
Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture: A Critical analysis
Fodor, J. A. and Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1988) · 1988
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Sparse Distributed Memory
Kanerva, P. (1988) · 1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
Context-Dependent Associations in Linear Distributed Memories
Mizraji, E. (1989) · 1989
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Fast Learning in Networks of Locally-tuned Processing Units
Moody, J. and Darken, C. J. (1989) · 1989
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The Symbol Grounding Problem
Harnad, S. (1990) · 1990
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Mapping Part-whole Hierarchies into Connectionist Networks
Hinton, G. E. (1990) · 1990
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Development and Investigation of Multilevel Assembly Neural Networks
Rachkovskij, D. A. (1990) · 1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
On Audio Signals Recognition by Multilevel Neural Network
Rachkovskij, D. A. and Fedoseyeva, T. V. (1990) · 1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
A Random Walk in Hamming Space
Smith, D. and Stanford, P. (1990) · 1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
Tensor Product Variable Binding and the Representation of Symbolic Structures in Connectionist Systems
Smolensky, P. (1990) · 1990
Earlier work this paper cites.
Multilevel Assembly Neural Architecture and Processing of Sequences
Kussul, E. M. and Rachkovskij, D. A. (1991) · 1991
Earlier work this paper cites.
Holographic Reduced Representations: Convolution Algebra for Compositional Distributed Representations
Plate, T. A. (1991) · 1991
Earlier work this paper cites.
Neural Network for Recognition of Small Images
Kussul, E. M., Baidyk, T. N., and Rachkovskij, D. A. (1992) · 1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
Vector Logics: The Matrix-Vector Representation of Logical Calculus Fuzzy Sets and Systems
Mizraji, E. (1992) · 1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
Holographic Recurrent Networks
Plate, T. A. (1992) · 1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
On Information Encoding in Associative-Projective Neural Networks
Kussul, E. M. and Baidyk, T. N. (1993) · 1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
Networks Based on Kanerva’s Sparse Distributed Memory: Results Showing Their Strengths and Limitations and a New Algorithm to Design the Location Matching Layer
Prager, R. W. (1993) · 1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
From Simple Associations to Systematic Reasoning: A Connectionist Representation of Rules, Variables and Dynamic Bindings using Temporal Synchrony
Shastri, L. and Ajjanagadde, V. (1993) · 1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
Associative Long Short-term Memory
Danihelka, I., Wayne, G., Uria, B., Kalchbrenner, N., and Graves, A. (2016) · 1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Spatter Code for Encoding Concepts at Many Levels
Kanerva, P. (1994) · 1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
Adaptive High Performance Classifier Based on Random Threshold Neurons
Kussul, E. M., Baidyk, T. N., Lukovich, V. V., and Rachkovskij, D. A. (1994) · 1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
Distributed Representations and Nested Compositional Structure
Plate, T. A. (1994) · 1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
Multidimensional Scatter Code: A Data Fusion Technique with Exponential Capacity
Stanford, P. and Smith, D. (1994) · 1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
A Family of Binary Spatter Codes
Kanerva, P. (1995) · 1995
Earlier work this paper cites.
Binary Spatter-Coding of Ordered K-tuples
Kanerva, P. (1996) · 1996
Earlier work this paper cites.
Application of Stochastic Assembly Neural Networks in the Problem of Interesting Text Selection
Rachkovskij, D. A. (1996) · 1996
Earlier work this paper cites.
Distributed Representations of Structure: A Theory of Analogical Access and Mapping
Hummel, J. E. and Holyoak, K. J. (1997) · 1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
Fully Distributed Representation
Kanerva, P. (1997) · 1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
A Common Framework for Distributed Representation Schemes for Compositional Structure
Plate, T. A. (1997) · 1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
Multiplicative Binding, Representation Operators & Analogy
Gayler, R. W. (1998) · 1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
Approximate Nearest Neighbors: Towards Removing the Curse of Dimensionality
Indyk, P. and Motwani, R. (1998) · 1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
Dimensionality reduction by random Mapping: Fast Similarity Computation for Clustering
Kaski, S. (1998) · 1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Random Subspace Coarse Coding Scheme for Real-valued Vectors
Kussul, E. M., Rachkovskij, D. A., and Wunsch, D. C. (1999) · 1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
Distributed vs. Local Representation
van Gelder, T. (1999) · 1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
Random Indexing of Text Samples for Latent Semantic Analysis
Kanerva, P., Kristoferson, J., and Holst, A. (2000) · 2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
Latent Semantic Indexing: A Probabilistic Analysis
Papadimitriou, C. H., Raghavan, P., Tamaki, H., and Vempala, S. (2000) · 2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
Analogy Retrieval and Processing with Distributed Vector Representations
Plate, T. A. (2000) · 2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Concentration of Measure Phenomenon
Ledoux, M. (2001) · 2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
Representation and Processing of Structures with Binary Sparse Distributed Codes
Rachkovskij, D. A. (2001) · 2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
Binding and Normalization of Binary Sparse Distributed Representations by Context-Dependent Thinning
Rachkovskij, D. A. and Kussul, E. M. (2001) · 2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution
Jackendoff, R. (2002) · 2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
Learning the Systematic Transformation of Holographic Reduced Representations
Neumann, J. (2002) · 2002
Cited alongside, same era.
Database-friendly Random Projections: Johnson-Lindenstrauss with Binary Coins
Achlioptas, D. (2003) · 2003
Cited alongside, same era.
Vector Symbolic Architectures Answer Jackendoff’s Challenges for Cognitive Neuroscience
Gayler, R. W. (2003) · 2003
Cited alongside, same era.
Kleyko, D., Gayler, R. W., and Osipov, E. (2020a) · 2003
Cited alongside, same era.
Permutative Coding Technique for Handwritten Digit Recognition System
Kussul, E. M. and Baidyk, T. N. (2003) · 2003
Cited alongside, same era.
Neural distributed autoassociative memories: A survey
Gritsenko, V. I., Rachkovskij, D. A., Frolov, A. A., Gayler, R. W., Kleyko, D., and Osipov, E. (2017) · 2017
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Holographic Graph Neuron: A Bioinspired Architecture for Pattern Processing
Kleyko, D., Osipov, E., Senior, A., Khan, A. I., and Sekercioglu, Y. A. (2017) · 2017
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High-dimensional Computing as a Nanoscalable Paradigm
Rahimi, A., Datta, S., Kleyko, D., Frady, E. P., Olshausen, B., Kanerva, P., and Rabaey, J. M. (2017) · 2017
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Exploring Neural-symbolic Integration Architectures for Computer Vision
Burco, A. (2018) · 2018
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Bringing Order to Neural Word Embeddings with Embeddings Augmented by Random Permutations (EARP)
Cohen, T. and Widdows, D. (2018) · 2018
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Blessing of Dimensionality: Mathematical Foundations of the Statistical Physics of Data
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Holographic Reduced Representations: Distributed Representation for Cognitive Structures
Plate, T. A. (2003) · 2003
Cited alongside, same era.
Localized Versus Distributed Representations
Thorpe, S. J. (2003) · 2003
Cited alongside, same era.
Improved Method of Handwritten Digit Recognition Tested on MNIST Database
Kussul, E. M. and Baidyk, T. N. (2004) · 2004
Cited alongside, same era.
Characterizing the Effects of Transient Faults on a High-Performance Processor Pipeline
Wang, N. J., Quek, J., Rafacz, T. M., and Patel, S. J. (2004) · 2004
Cited alongside, same era.
Invariant Visual Representation by Single Neurons in the Human Brain
Quiroga, R. Q., Reddy, L., Kreiman, G., Koch, C., and Fried, I. (2005) · 2005
Cited alongside, same era.
An Introduction to Random Indexing
Sahlgren, M. (2005) · 2005
Cited alongside, same era.
The Random Projection Method
Vempala, S. S. (2005) · 2005
Cited alongside, same era.
Gorban, A. N. and Tyukin, I. Y. (2018) · 2018
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HDNA: Energy-Efficient DNA Sequencing Using Hyperdimensional Computing
Imani, M., Nassar, T., Rahimi, A., and Rosing, T. (2018) · 2018
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HDM: Hyper-Dimensional Modulation for Robust Low-Power Communications
Kim, H.-S. (2018) · 2018
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Classification and Recall with Binary Hyperdimensional Computing: Tradeoffs in Choice of Density and Mapping Characteristic
Kleyko, D., Rahimi, A., Rachkovskij, D. A., Osipov, E., and Rabaey, J. M. (2018) · 2018
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Holistic Representations for Memorization and Inference
Ma, Y., Hildebrandt, M., Tresp, V., and Baier, S. (2018) · 2018
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Towards Hypervector Representations for Learning and Planning with Schemas
Neubert, P. and Protzel, P. (2018) · 2018
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Distributed Representation of Vector Data based on Random Projections
Rachkovskij, D. A. and Gritsenko, V. I. (2018) · 2018
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Representing Sets as Summed Semantic Vectors
Summers-Stay, D., Sutor, P., and Li, D. (2018) · 2018
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Hyperdimensional Computing Exploiting Carbon Nanotube FETs, Resistive RAM, and Their Monolithic 3D Integration
Wu, T. F., Li, H., Huang, P.-C., Rahimi, A., Hills, G., Hodson, B., Hwang, W., Rabaey, J. M., Wong, H.-S. P., Shulaker, M. M., and Mitra, S. (2018) · 2018
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The Hyperdimensional Stack Machine
Yerxa, T., Anderson, A. G., and Weiss, E. (2018) · 2018
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Robust Computation with Rhythmic Spike Patterns
Frady, E. P. and Sommer, F. T. (2019) · 2019
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Vector-Derived Transformation Binding: An Improved Binding Operation for Deep Symbol-Like Processing in Neural Networks
Gosmann, J. and Eliasmith, C. (2019) · 2019
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Computing with High-Dimensional Vectors
Kanerva, P. (2019) · 2019
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Performance Analysis of Hyperdimensional Computing for Character Recognition
Manabat, A. X., Marcelo, C. R., Quinquito, A. L., and Alvarez, A. (2019) · 2019
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Learning Sensorimotor Control with Neuromorphic Sensors: Toward Hyperdimensional Active Perception
Mitrokhin, A., Sutor, P., Fermuller, C., and Aloimonos, Y. (2019) · 2019
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An Introduction to Hyperdimensional Computing for Robotics
Neubert, P., Schubert, S., and Protzel, P. (2019) · 2019
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Efficient Biosignal Processing Using Hyperdimensional Computing: Network Templates for Combined Learning and Classification of ExG Signals
Rahimi, A., Kanerva, P., Benini, L., and Rabaey, J. M. (2019) · 2019
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Hardware Optimizations of Dense Binary Hyperdimensional Computing: Rematerialization of Hypervectors, Binarized Bundling, and Combinational Associative Memory
Schmuck, M., Benini, L., and Rahimi, A. (2019) · 2019
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Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLP
Strubell, E., Ganesh, A., and McCallum, A. (2019) · 2019
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Resonator Networks, 1: An Efficient Solution for Factoring High-Dimensional, Distributed Representations of Data Structures
Frady, E. P., Kent, S. J., Olshausen, B. A., and Sommer, F. T. (2020) · 2020
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Classification using Hyperdimensional Computing: A Review
Ge, L. and Parhi, K. K. (2020) · 2020
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Invertible Tree Embeddings using a Cryptographic Role Embedding Scheme
Haley, C. and Smolensky, P. (2020) · 2020
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In-Memory Hyperdimensional Computing
Karunaratne, G., Gallo, M. L., Cherubini, G., Benini, L., Rahimi, A., and Sebastian, A. (2020) · 2020
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Resonator Networks, 2: Factorization Performance and Capacity Compared to Optimization-Based Methods
Kent, S. J., Frady, E. P., Sommer, F. T., and Olshausen, B. A. (2020) · 2020
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GenieHD: Efficient DNA Pattern Matching Accelerator Using Hyperdimensional Computing
Kim, Y., Imani, M., Moshiri, N., and Rosing, T. (2020) · 2020
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Biologically Inspired Spatial Representation
Komer, B. (2020) · 2020
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Efficient Navigation using a Scalable, Biologically Inspired Spatial Representation
Komer, B. and Eliasmith, C. (2020) · 2020
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Analyzing the Capacity of Distributed Vector Representations to Encode Spatial Information
Mirus, F., Stewart, T. C., and Conradt, J. (2020) · 2020
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Symbolic Representation and Learning with Hyperdimensional Computing
Mitrokhin, A., Sutor, P., Summers-Stay, D., Fermuller, C., and Aloimonos, Y. (2020) · 2020
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A 5 μ \mu W Standard Cell Memory-based Configurable Hyperdimensional Computing Accelerator for Always-on Smart Sensing
Eggimann, M., Rahimi, A., and Benini, L. (2021) · 2021
Closest in time.
Learning with Holographic Reduced Representations
Ganesan, A., Gao, H., Gandhi, S., Raff, E., Oates, T., Holt, J., and McLean, M. (2021) · 2021
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Hyper-Dimensional Computing Challenges and Opportunities for AI Applications
Hassan, E., Halawani, Y., Mohammad, B., and Saleh, H. (2021) · 2021
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Near-channel Classifier: Symbiotic Communication and Classification in High-dimensional Space
Hersche, M., Lippuner, S., Korb, M., Benini, L., and Rahimi, A. (2021) · 2021
Closest in time.
Robust High-dimensional Memory-augmented Neural Networks
Karunaratne, G., Schmuck, M., Gallo, M. L., Cherubini, G., Benini, L., Sebastian, A., and Rahimi, A. (2021) · 2021
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Vector Symbolic Architectures as a Computing Framework for Nanoscale Hardware
Kleyko, D., Davies, M., Frady, E. P., Kanerva, P., Kent, S. J., Olshausen, B. A., Osipov, E., Rabaey, J. M., Rachkovskij, D. A., Rahimi, A., and Sommer, F. T. (2021) · 2021
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Shift-Equivariant Similarity-Preserving Hypervector Representations of Sequences
Rachkovskij, D. A. (2021) · 2021
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A Comparison of Vector Symbolic Architectures
Schlegel, K., Neubert, P., and Protzel, P. (2021) · 2021
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A Theoretical Perspective on Hyperdimensional Computing
Thomas, A., Dasgupta, S., and Rosing, T. (2021) · 2021
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HYPERLOCK: In-Memory Hyperdimensional Encryption in Memristor Crossbar Array
Cai, J., Amirsoleimani, A., and Genov, R. (2022) · 2022
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LeHDC: Learning-Based Hyperdimensional Computing Classifier
Duan, S., Liu, Y., Ren, S., and Xu, X. (2022) · 2022
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Computing on Functions Using Randomized Vector Representations (in brief)
Frady, E. P., Kleyko, D., Kymn, C. J., Olshausen, B. A., and Sommer, F. T. (2022) · 2022
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Constrained Few-shot Class-incremental Learning
Hersche, M., Karunaratne, G., Cherubini, G., Benini, L., Sebastian, A., and Rahimi, A. (2022) · 2022
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Optimal Quadratic Binding for Relational Reasoning in Vector Symbolic Neural Architectures
Hiratani, N. and Sompolinsky, H. (2022) · 2022
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DistriHD: A Memory Efficient Distributed Binary Hyperdimensional Computing Architecture for Image Classification
Liang, D., Shiomi, J., Miura, N., and Awano, H. (2022) · 2022
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Recursive Binding for Similarity-Preserving Hypervector Representations of Sequences
Rachkovskij, D. A. and Kleyko, D. (2022) · 2022
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Reimann, S. (2022) · 2022
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Associative Memory of Structured Knowledge
Steinberg, J. and Sompolinsky, H. (2022) · 2022
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Understanding Hyperdimensional Computing for Parallel Single-Pass Learning
Yu, T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., and Sa, C. D. (2022) · 2022
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A Survey on Hyperdimensional Computing aka Vector Symbolic Architectures, Part II: Applications, Cognitive Models, and Challenges
Kleyko, D., Rachkovskij, D. A., Osipov, E., and Rahimi, A. (2023) · 2023
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A Neural Representation of Continuous Space using Fractional Binding
Komer, B., Stewart, T. C., Voelker, A. R., and Eliasmith, C. (2019) · 2043
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Representing Objects, Relations, and Sequences
Gallant, S. I. and Okaywe, T. W. (2013) · 2078
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