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A flaw in QA evaluation is that annotations often only provide one gold answer.
A BERT Baseline for the Natural Questions
Chris Alberti, Kenton Lee, and Michael Collins. 2019 · 1901
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Freebase: a collaboratively created graph database for structuring human knowledge
Kurt Bollacker, Colin Evans, Praveen K. Paritosh, Tim Sturge, and Jamie Taylor. 2008 · 2008
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Generation-Augmented Retrieval for Open-domain Question Answering
Yuning Mao, Pengcheng He, Xiaodong Liu, Yelong Shen, Jianfeng Gao, Jiawei Han, and Weizhu Chen. 2021 · 2009
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A survey of automatic query expansion in information retrieval
Claudio Carpineto and Giovanni Romano. 2012 · 2012
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SQuAD: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text
Pranav Rajpurkar, Jian Zhang, Konstantin Lopyrev, and Percy Liang. 2016 · 2016
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Reading Wikipedia to answer open-domain questions
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TriviaQA: A large scale distantly supervised challenge dataset for reading comprehension
Mandar Joshi, Eunsol Choi, Daniel Weld, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2017 · 2017
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HotpotQA: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi-hop question answering
Zhilin Yang, Peng Qi, Saizheng Zhang, Yoshua Bengio, William Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Christopher D. Manning. 2018 · 2018
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Evaluating question answering evaluation
Anthony Chen, Gabriel Stanovsky, Sameer Singh, and Matt Gardner. 2019 · 2019
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Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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What AI can do for me: Evaluating machine learning interpretations in cooperative play
Shi Feng and Jordan Boyd-Graber. 2019 · 2019
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Natural questions: A benchmark for question answering research
Tom Kwiatkowski, Jennimaria Palomaki, Olivia Redfield, Michael Collins, Ankur Parikh, Chris Alberti, Danielle Epstein, Illia Polosukhin, Jacob Devlin, Kenton Lee, Kristina Toutanova, Llion Jones, Matthew Kelcey, Ming-Wei Chang, Andrew M. Dai, Jakob Uszkoreit, Quoc Le, and Slav Petrov. 2019 · 2019
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Latent retrieval for weakly supervised open domain question answering
Kenton Lee, Ming-Wei Chang, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019 · 2019
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TyDi QA: A benchmark for information-seeking question answering in typologically diverse languages
Jonathan H. Clark, Eunsol Choi, Michael Collins, Dan Garrette, Tom Kwiatkowski, Vitaly Nikolaev, and Jennimaria Palomaki. 2020 · 2020
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Dense passage retrieval for open-domain question answering
Vladimir Karpukhin, Barlas Oguz, Sewon Min, Patrick Lewis, Ledell Wu, Sergey Edunov, Danqi Chen, and Wen-tau Yih. 2020 · 2020
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NeurIPS 2020 EfficientQA Competition: Systems, Analyses and Lessons Learned
Sewon Min, Jordan Boyd-Graber, Chris Alberti, Danqi Chen, Eunsol Choi, Michael Collins, Kelvin Guu, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Kenton Lee, Jennimaria Palomaki, Colin Raffel, Adam Roberts, Tom Kwiatkowski, Patrick Lewis, Yuxiang Wu, Heinrich Küttler, Linqing Liu, Pasquale Minervini, Pontus Stenetorp, Sebastian Riedel, Sohee Yang, Minjoon Seo, Gautier Izacard, Fabio Petroni, Lucas Hosseini, Nicola De Cao, Edouard Grave, Ikuya Yamada, Sonse Shimaoka, Masatoshi Suzuki, Shumpei Miyawaki, Shun Sato, Ryo Takahashi, Jun Suzuki, Martin Fajcik, Martin Docekal, Karel Ondrej, Pavel Smrz, Hao Cheng, Yelong Shen, Xiaodong Liu, Pengcheng He, Weizhu Chen, Jianfeng Gao, Barlas Oguz, Xilun Chen, Vladimir Karpukhin, Stan Peshterliev, Dmytro Okhonko, Michael Schlichtkrull, Sonal Gupta, Yashar Mehdad, and Wen-tau Yih. 2021 · 2020
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AmbigQA: Answering ambiguous open-domain questions
Sewon Min, Julian Michael, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2020 · 2020
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Answering complex open-domain questions through iterative query generation
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The evolution of cranfield
Ellen M Voorhees. 2019 · 2019
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Learning to retrieve reasoning paths over wikipedia graph for question answering
Akari Asai, Kazuma Hashimoto, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Richard Socher, and Caiming Xiong. 2020 · 2020
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‘Just because you are right, doesn’t mean I am wrong’: Overcoming a Bottleneck in the Development and Evaluation of Open-Ended Visual Question Answering (VQA) Tasks
Man Luo, Shailaja Keyur Sampat, Riley Tallman, Yankai Zeng, Manuha Vancha, Akarshan Sajja, and Chitta Baral. 2021 · 2021
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Semantic answer similarity for evaluating question answering models
Julian Risch, Timo Moller, Julian Gutsch, and Malte Pietsch. 2021 · 2021
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Multi-step reasoning over unstructured text with beam dense retrieval
Chen Zhao, Chenyan Xiong, Jordan Boyd-Graber, and Hal Daumé III. 2021 · 2021
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