Built on

H. Lim, G. Khanna, A. Apte, and S. A. Hughes, Exciting black hole modes via misaligned coalescences: II. The mode content of late-time coalescence waveforms, Phys. Rev. D 100
Original
1901
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Carullo, W. Del Pozzo, and J. Veitch, Observational Black Hole Spectroscopy: A time-domain multimode analysis of GW150914, Phys. Rev. D 99
Original
1902
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Giesler, M. Isi, M. A. Scheel, and S. Teukolsky, Black Hole Ringdown: The Importance of Overtones, Phys. Rev. X9
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Zimmerman, C.-J. Haster, and K. Chatziioannou, On combining information from multiple gravitational wave sources, Phys. Rev. D 99
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Cardoso and P. Pani, Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report, Living Rev. Rel. 22
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Boyle et al. , The SXS Collaboration catalog of binary black hole simulations, Class. Quant. Grav. 36
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Isi, K. Chatziioannou, and W. M. Farr, Hierarchical test of general relativity with gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Isi, M. Giesler, W. M. Farr, M. A. Scheel, and S. A. Teukolsky, Testing the no-hair theorem with GW150914, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Buscicchio, E. Roebber, J. M. Goldstein, and C. J. Moore, Label switching problem in Bayesian analysis for gravitational wave astronomy, Phys. Rev. D 100
Original
1907
Earlier work this paper cites.
L. C. Stein, qnm: A Python package for calculating Kerr quasinormal modes, separation constants, and spherical-spheroidal mixing coefficients, J. Open Source Softw. 4
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Zackay, T. Venumadhav, J. Roulet, L. Dai, and M. Zaldarriaga, Detecting Gravitational Waves in Data with Non-Gaussian Noise, arXiv e-prints , arXiv:1908.05644 (2019), arXiv:1908.05644 [astro-ph.IM]
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific, Virgo), A guide to LIGO–Virgo detector noise and extraction of transient gravitational-wave signals, Class. Quant. Grav. 37
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Bhagwat, X. J. Forteza, P. Pani, and V. Ferrari, Ringdown overtones, black hole spectroscopy, and no-hair theorem tests, Phys. Rev. D 101
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Maselli, P. Pani, L. Gualtieri, and E. Berti, Parametrized ringdown spin expansion coefficients: a data-analysis framework for black-hole spectroscopy with multiple events, Phys. Rev. D 101
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
I. Ota and C. Chirenti, Overtones or higher harmonics? Prospects for testing the no-hair theorem with gravitational wave detections, Phys. Rev. D 101
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
N. Levinson, The Wiener (root mean square) error criterion in filter design and prediction, Journal of Mathematics and Physics 25
1946
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Durbin, The fitting of time-series models, Revue de l’Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute 28
1960
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. P. Kerr, Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 11
1963
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. G. Doroshkevich, Y. B. Zel’dovich, and I. D. Novikov, Gravitational collapse of non-symmetric and rotating masses, Sov. Phys. JETP 22
1966
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. Israel, Event horizons in static vacuum space-times, Phys. Rev. 164
1967
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. V. Vishveshwara, Stability of the schwarzschild metric, Phys. Rev. D 1
1970
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. H. Press, Long Wave Trains of Gravitational Waves from a Vibrating Black Hole, Astrophys. J. Lett. 170
1971
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Carter, Axisymmetric Black Hole Has Only Two Degrees of Freedom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26
1971
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Hawking, Gravitational radiation from colliding black holes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26
1971
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. W. Hawking, Black holes in general relativity, Commun. Math. Phys. 25
1972
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. A. Teukolsky, Perturbations of a rotating black hole. 1. Fundamental equations for gravitational electromagnetic and neutrino field perturbations, Astrophys. J. 185
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. H. Press and S. A. Teukolsky, Perturbations of a Rotating Black Hole. II. Dynamical Stability of the Kerr Metric, Astrophys. J. 185
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Chandrasekhar and S. L. Detweiler, The quasi-normal modes of the Schwarzschild black hole, Proc. R. Soc. A 344
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. C. Robinson, Uniqueness of the Kerr black hole, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. L. Detweiler, Black holes and gravitational waves. III. The resonant frequencies of rotating holes, Astrophys. J. 239
1980
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Unser, On the approximation of the discrete Karhunen-Loeve transform for stationary processes, Signal Processing 7
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Leaver, An Analytic representation for the quasi normal modes of Kerr black holes, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 402
1985
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. W. Leaver, Spectral decomposition of the perturbation response of the Schwarzschild geometry, Phys. Rev. D 34
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
F. Echeverria, Gravitational Wave Measurements of the Mass and Angular Momentum of a Black Hole, Phys. Rev. D40
1989
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

L. S. Finn, Detection, measurement and gravitational radiation, Phys. Rev. D 46
1992
Cited alongside, same era.
R. M. Wald, The thermodynamics of black holes, Living Rev. Rel. 4
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
P. T. Chrusciel, E. Delay, G. J. Galloway, and R. Howard, The Area theorem, Annales Henri Poincare 2
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
B. Allen, J. D. Creighton, E. E. Flanagan, and J. D. Romano, Robust statistics for deterministic and stochastic gravitational waves in nonGaussian noise. 1. Frequentist analyses, Phys. Rev. D 65
2002
Cited alongside, same era.
O. Dreyer, B. J. Kelly, B. Krishnan, L. S. Finn, D. Garrison, and R. Lopez-Aleman, Black hole spectroscopy: Testing general relativity through gravitational wave observations, Class. Quant. Grav. 21
2004
Cited alongside, same era.

Then

S. A. Teukolsky, The Kerr Metric, Class. Quant. Grav. 32
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
J. Veitch, V. Raymond, B. Farr, W. Farr, P. Graff, S. Vitale, B. Aylott, K. Blackburn, N. Christensen, M. Coughlin, W. Del Pozzo, F. Feroz, J. Gair, C. J. Haster, V. Kalogera, T. Littenberg, I. Mandel, R. O’Shaughnessy, M. Pitkin, C. Rodriguez, C. Röver, T. Sidery, R. Smith, M. Van Der Sluys, A. Vecchio, W. Vousden, and L. Wade, Parameter estimation for compact binaries with ground-based gravitational-wave observations using the LALInference software library, Phys. Rev. D 91
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
T. B. Littenberg and N. J. Cornish, Bayesian inference for spectral estimation of gravitational wave detector noise, Phys. Rev. D 91
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
E. Berti, A. Sesana, E. Barausse, V. Cardoso, and K. Belczynski, Spectroscopy of Kerr black holes with Earth- and space-based interferometers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117
Original
2016
Later among the works it cites.

Beyond the bibliography

alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.

Open on alphaXiv

alphaXiv is searching for related work…

Reading the bibliography…

2021

Analyzing black-hole ringdowns

Isi, Maximiliano, Farr, Will M.

Understand

A perturbed black hole rings down by emitting gravitational waves in tones with specific frequencies and durations.

Such tones encode prized information about the geometry of the source spacetime and the fundamental nature of gravity, making the measurement of black hole ringdowns a key goal of gravitational wave astronomy.
However, this task is plagued by technical challenges that invalidate the naive application of standard data analysis methods and complicate sensitivity projections.
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive account of the formalism required to properly carry out ringdown analyses, examining in detail the foundations of recent observational results, and providing a framework for future measurements.

Built on

H. Lim, G. Khanna, A. Apte, and S. A. Hughes, Exciting black hole modes via misaligned coalescences: II. The mode content of late-time coalescence waveforms, Phys. Rev. D 100
Original
1901
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Carullo, W. Del Pozzo, and J. Veitch, Observational Black Hole Spectroscopy: A time-domain multimode analysis of GW150914, Phys. Rev. D 99
Original
1902
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Giesler, M. Isi, M. A. Scheel, and S. Teukolsky, Black Hole Ringdown: The Importance of Overtones, Phys. Rev. X9
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Zimmerman, C.-J. Haster, and K. Chatziioannou, On combining information from multiple gravitational wave sources, Phys. Rev. D 99
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Cardoso and P. Pani, Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report, Living Rev. Rel. 22
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Boyle et al. , The SXS Collaboration catalog of binary black hole simulations, Class. Quant. Grav. 36
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Isi, K. Chatziioannou, and W. M. Farr, Hierarchical test of general relativity with gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Isi, M. Giesler, W. M. Farr, M. A. Scheel, and S. A. Teukolsky, Testing the no-hair theorem with GW150914, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Buscicchio, E. Roebber, J. M. Goldstein, and C. J. Moore, Label switching problem in Bayesian analysis for gravitational wave astronomy, Phys. Rev. D 100
Original
1907
Earlier work this paper cites.
L. C. Stein, qnm: A Python package for calculating Kerr quasinormal modes, separation constants, and spherical-spheroidal mixing coefficients, J. Open Source Softw. 4
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Zackay, T. Venumadhav, J. Roulet, L. Dai, and M. Zaldarriaga, Detecting Gravitational Waves in Data with Non-Gaussian Noise, arXiv e-prints , arXiv:1908.05644 (2019), arXiv:1908.05644 [astro-ph.IM]
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific, Virgo), A guide to LIGO–Virgo detector noise and extraction of transient gravitational-wave signals, Class. Quant. Grav. 37
Original
1908
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Bhagwat, X. J. Forteza, P. Pani, and V. Ferrari, Ringdown overtones, black hole spectroscopy, and no-hair theorem tests, Phys. Rev. D 101
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Maselli, P. Pani, L. Gualtieri, and E. Berti, Parametrized ringdown spin expansion coefficients: a data-analysis framework for black-hole spectroscopy with multiple events, Phys. Rev. D 101
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
I. Ota and C. Chirenti, Overtones or higher harmonics? Prospects for testing the no-hair theorem with gravitational wave detections, Phys. Rev. D 101
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
N. Levinson, The Wiener (root mean square) error criterion in filter design and prediction, Journal of Mathematics and Physics 25
1946
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Durbin, The fitting of time-series models, Revue de l’Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute 28
1960
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. P. Kerr, Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 11
1963
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. G. Doroshkevich, Y. B. Zel’dovich, and I. D. Novikov, Gravitational collapse of non-symmetric and rotating masses, Sov. Phys. JETP 22
1966
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. Israel, Event horizons in static vacuum space-times, Phys. Rev. 164
1967
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. V. Vishveshwara, Stability of the schwarzschild metric, Phys. Rev. D 1
1970
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. H. Press, Long Wave Trains of Gravitational Waves from a Vibrating Black Hole, Astrophys. J. Lett. 170
1971
Earlier work this paper cites.
B. Carter, Axisymmetric Black Hole Has Only Two Degrees of Freedom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26
1971
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Hawking, Gravitational radiation from colliding black holes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26
1971
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. W. Hawking, Black holes in general relativity, Commun. Math. Phys. 25
1972
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. A. Teukolsky, Perturbations of a rotating black hole. 1. Fundamental equations for gravitational electromagnetic and neutrino field perturbations, Astrophys. J. 185
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. H. Press and S. A. Teukolsky, Perturbations of a Rotating Black Hole. II. Dynamical Stability of the Kerr Metric, Astrophys. J. 185
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Chandrasekhar and S. L. Detweiler, The quasi-normal modes of the Schwarzschild black hole, Proc. R. Soc. A 344
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. C. Robinson, Uniqueness of the Kerr black hole, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. L. Detweiler, Black holes and gravitational waves. III. The resonant frequencies of rotating holes, Astrophys. J. 239
1980
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. Unser, On the approximation of the discrete Karhunen-Loeve transform for stationary processes, Signal Processing 7
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Leaver, An Analytic representation for the quasi normal modes of Kerr black holes, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 402
1985
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. W. Leaver, Spectral decomposition of the perturbation response of the Schwarzschild geometry, Phys. Rev. D 34
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
F. Echeverria, Gravitational Wave Measurements of the Mass and Angular Momentum of a Black Hole, Phys. Rev. D40
1989
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

L. S. Finn, Detection, measurement and gravitational radiation, Phys. Rev. D 46
1992
Cited alongside, same era.
R. M. Wald, The thermodynamics of black holes, Living Rev. Rel. 4
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
P. T. Chrusciel, E. Delay, G. J. Galloway, and R. Howard, The Area theorem, Annales Henri Poincare 2
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
B. Allen, J. D. Creighton, E. E. Flanagan, and J. D. Romano, Robust statistics for deterministic and stochastic gravitational waves in nonGaussian noise. 1. Frequentist analyses, Phys. Rev. D 65
2002
Cited alongside, same era.
O. Dreyer, B. J. Kelly, B. Krishnan, L. S. Finn, D. Garrison, and R. Lopez-Aleman, Black hole spectroscopy: Testing general relativity through gravitational wave observations, Class. Quant. Grav. 21
2004
Cited alongside, same era.

Then

S. A. Teukolsky, The Kerr Metric, Class. Quant. Grav. 32
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
J. Veitch, V. Raymond, B. Farr, W. Farr, P. Graff, S. Vitale, B. Aylott, K. Blackburn, N. Christensen, M. Coughlin, W. Del Pozzo, F. Feroz, J. Gair, C. J. Haster, V. Kalogera, T. Littenberg, I. Mandel, R. O’Shaughnessy, M. Pitkin, C. Rodriguez, C. Röver, T. Sidery, R. Smith, M. Van Der Sluys, A. Vecchio, W. Vousden, and L. Wade, Parameter estimation for compact binaries with ground-based gravitational-wave observations using the LALInference software library, Phys. Rev. D 91
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
T. B. Littenberg and N. J. Cornish, Bayesian inference for spectral estimation of gravitational wave detector noise, Phys. Rev. D 91
Original
2015
Later among the works it cites.
E. Berti, A. Sesana, E. Barausse, V. Cardoso, and K. Belczynski, Spectroscopy of Kerr black holes with Earth- and space-based interferometers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117
Original
2016
Later among the works it cites.

Beyond the bibliography

alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.

Open on alphaXiv

alphaXiv is searching for related work…

X. Jiménez Forteza, S. Bhagwat, P. Pani, and V. Ferrari, Spectroscopy of binary black hole ringdown using overtones and angular modes, Phys. Rev. D 102

Original

2005

Cited alongside, same era.

E. Berti and V. Cardoso, Quasinormal ringing of Kerr black holes: The Excitation factors, Phys. Rev. D 74

2006

Cited alongside, same era.

E. Berti, V. Cardoso, and M. Casals, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of spin-weighted spheroidal harmonics in four and higher dimensions, Phys. Rev. D 73

2006

Cited alongside, same era.

S. R. Cook, A. Gelman, and D. B. Rubin, Validation of software for bayesian models using posterior quantiles, Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 15

2006

Cited alongside, same era.

A. Buonanno, G. B. Cook, and F. Pretorius, Inspiral, merger and ring-down of equal-mass black-hole binaries, Phys. Rev. D 75

2007

Cited alongside, same era.

R. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific, Virgo), GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of 150 M ⊙ 150M_{\odot} , Phys. Rev. Lett. 125

Original

2009

Cited alongside, same era.

R. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific, Virgo), Properties and Astrophysical Implications of the 150 M ⊙ Binary Black Hole Merger GW190521, Astrophys. J. Lett. 900

Original

2009

Cited alongside, same era.

L. London, D. Shoemaker, and J. Healy, Modeling ringdown: Beyond the fundamental quasinormal modes, Phys. Rev. D 90

Original

2016