Built on

P. Saad, S. H. Shenker, and D. Stanford, “JT gravity as a matrix integral,” arXiv:1903.11115 [hep-th]
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Stanford and E. Witten, “JT Gravity and the Ensembles of Random Matrix Theory,” arXiv:1907.03363 [hep-th]
Original
1907
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. Saad, “Late Time Correlation Functions, Baby Universes, and ETH in JT Gravity,” arXiv:1910.10311 [hep-th]
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Almheiri, T. Hartman, J. Maldacena, E. Shaghoulian, and A. Tajdini, “Replica Wormholes and the Entropy of Hawking Radiation,” JHEP
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Penington, S. H. Shenker, D. Stanford, and Z. Yang, “Replica wormholes and the black hole interior,” arXiv:1911.11977 [hep-th]
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Blommaert, T. G. Mertens, and H. Verschelde, “Eigenbranes in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity,” JHEP
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. Teitelboim, “Gravitation and Hamiltonian Structure in Two Space-Time Dimensions,” Phys. Lett
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Jackiw, “Lower Dimensional Gravity,” Nucl. Phys
1985
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. R. Coleman, “Black Holes as Red Herrings: Topological Fluctuations and the Loss of Quantum Coherence,” Nucl. Phys. B
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. B. Giddings and A. Strominger, “Loss of Incoherence and Determination of Coupling Constants in Quantum Gravity,” Nucl. Phys. B
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Sachdev and J.-w. Ye, “Gapless spin fluid ground state in a random, quantum Heisenberg magnet,” Phys. Rev. Lett
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. R. Zirnbauer, “The color-flavor transformation and a new approach to quantum chaotic maps,” arXiv e-prints
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Brézin and S. Hikami, “Characteristic Polynomials of Random Matrices,” Communications in Mathematical Physics
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Marolf and H. Maxfield, “Transcending the ensemble: baby universes, spacetime wormholes, and the order and disorder of black hole information,” arXiv:2002.08950 [hep-th]
Original
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Pollack, M. Rozali, J. Sully, and D. Wakeham, “Eigenstate Thermalization and Disorder Averaging in Gravity,” Phys. Rev. Lett
Original
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

J. M. Maldacena and L. Maoz, “Wormholes in AdS,” JHEP
2004
Cited alongside, same era.
J. M. Maldacena, G. W. Moore, N. Seiberg, and D. Shih, “Exact vs. semiclassical target space of the minimal string,” JHEP
2004
Cited alongside, same era.
D. Gaiotto and L. Rastelli, “A Paradigm of open / closed duality: Liouville D-branes and the Kontsevich model,” JHEP
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N. Afkhami-Jeddi, H. Cohn, T. Hartman, and A. Tajdini, “Free partition functions and an averaged holographic duality,” arXiv:2006.04839 [hep-th]
Original
2006
Cited alongside, same era.
A. Maloney and E. Witten, “Averaging Over Narain Moduli Space,” arXiv:2006.04855 [hep-th]
Original
2006
Cited alongside, same era.

Then

E. Brezin and S. Hikami, “Intersection theory from duality and replica,” Commun. Math. Phys
Original
2008
Later among the works it cites.
S. D. Mathur, “The Information paradox: A Pedagogical introduction,” Class. Quant. Grav
Original
2009
Later among the works it cites.
A. Kitaev, “A simple model of quantum holography talk1 and talk2 .”. Talks at KITP, April 7, 2015 and May 27, 2015
2015
Later among the works it cites.
A. Almheiri and J. Polchinski, “Models of ads 2 backreaction and holography,” Journal of High Energy Physics
2015
Later among the works it cites.
J. Maldacena and D. Stanford, “Remarks on the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model,” Phys. Rev. D
Original
2016
Later among the works it cites.

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2021

Wormholes without averaging

Saad, Phil, Shenker, Stephen H., Stanford, Douglas et al.

Understand

After averaging over fermion couplings, SYK has a collective field description that sometimes has "wormhole" solutions.

We study the fate of these wormholes when the couplings are fixed.
Working mainly in a simple model, we find that the wormhole saddles persist, but that new saddles also appear elsewhere in the integration space -- "half-wormholes." The wormhole contributions depend only weakly on the specific choice of couplings, while the half-wormhole contributions are strongly sensitive.
The half-wormholes are crucial for factorization of decoupled systems with fixed couplings, but they vanish after averaging, leaving the non-factorizing wormhole behind.

Built on

P. Saad, S. H. Shenker, and D. Stanford, “JT gravity as a matrix integral,” arXiv:1903.11115 [hep-th]
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Stanford and E. Witten, “JT Gravity and the Ensembles of Random Matrix Theory,” arXiv:1907.03363 [hep-th]
Original
1907
Earlier work this paper cites.
P. Saad, “Late Time Correlation Functions, Baby Universes, and ETH in JT Gravity,” arXiv:1910.10311 [hep-th]
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Almheiri, T. Hartman, J. Maldacena, E. Shaghoulian, and A. Tajdini, “Replica Wormholes and the Entropy of Hawking Radiation,” JHEP
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Penington, S. H. Shenker, D. Stanford, and Z. Yang, “Replica wormholes and the black hole interior,” arXiv:1911.11977 [hep-th]
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Blommaert, T. G. Mertens, and H. Verschelde, “Eigenbranes in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity,” JHEP
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. Teitelboim, “Gravitation and Hamiltonian Structure in Two Space-Time Dimensions,” Phys. Lett
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Jackiw, “Lower Dimensional Gravity,” Nucl. Phys
1985
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. R. Coleman, “Black Holes as Red Herrings: Topological Fluctuations and the Loss of Quantum Coherence,” Nucl. Phys. B
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. B. Giddings and A. Strominger, “Loss of Incoherence and Determination of Coupling Constants in Quantum Gravity,” Nucl. Phys. B
1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Sachdev and J.-w. Ye, “Gapless spin fluid ground state in a random, quantum Heisenberg magnet,” Phys. Rev. Lett
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
M. R. Zirnbauer, “The color-flavor transformation and a new approach to quantum chaotic maps,” arXiv e-prints
1998
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Brézin and S. Hikami, “Characteristic Polynomials of Random Matrices,” Communications in Mathematical Physics
2000
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. Marolf and H. Maxfield, “Transcending the ensemble: baby universes, spacetime wormholes, and the order and disorder of black hole information,” arXiv:2002.08950 [hep-th]
Original
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Pollack, M. Rozali, J. Sully, and D. Wakeham, “Eigenstate Thermalization and Disorder Averaging in Gravity,” Phys. Rev. Lett
Original
2002
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

J. M. Maldacena and L. Maoz, “Wormholes in AdS,” JHEP
2004
Cited alongside, same era.
J. M. Maldacena, G. W. Moore, N. Seiberg, and D. Shih, “Exact vs. semiclassical target space of the minimal string,” JHEP
2004
Cited alongside, same era.
D. Gaiotto and L. Rastelli, “A Paradigm of open / closed duality: Liouville D-branes and the Kontsevich model,” JHEP
2005
Cited alongside, same era.
N. Afkhami-Jeddi, H. Cohn, T. Hartman, and A. Tajdini, “Free partition functions and an averaged holographic duality,” arXiv:2006.04839 [hep-th]
Original
2006
Cited alongside, same era.
A. Maloney and E. Witten, “Averaging Over Narain Moduli Space,” arXiv:2006.04855 [hep-th]
Original
2006
Cited alongside, same era.