Built on

Phil Saad, Stephen H. Shenker, and Douglas Stanford, “JT gravity as a matrix integral,”
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
Juan Maldacena, Gustavo J. Turiaci, and Zhenbin Yang, “Two dimensional Nearly de Sitter gravity,”
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
Jordan Cotler, Kristan Jensen, and Alexander Maloney, “Low-dimensional de Sitter quantum gravity,”
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
Geoffrey Penington, “Entanglement Wedge Reconstruction and the Information Paradox,”
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ahmed Almheiri, Netta Engelhardt, Donald Marolf, and Henry Maxfield, “The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole,”
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
Edward A. Mazenc and Daniel Ranard, “Target Space Entanglement Entropy,”
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ahmed Almheiri, Thomas Hartman, Juan Maldacena, Edgar Shaghoulian, and Amirhossein Tajdini, “Replica Wormholes and the Entropy of Hawking Radiation,”
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
Geoff Penington, Stephen H. Shenker, Douglas Stanford, and Zhenbin Yang, “Replica wormholes and the black hole interior,”
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
Andreas Blommaert, Thomas G. Mertens, and Henri Verschelde, “Eigenbranes in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity,”
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
James D. Bjorken and Sidney D. Drell, “Relativistic quantum fields,” (1965)
1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
S.W. Hawking and Don N. Page, “Thermodynamics of Black Holes in anti-De Sitter Space,”
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. Teitelboim, “Gravitation and Hamiltonian Structure in Two Space-Time Dimensions,”
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. B. Hartle and S. W. Hawking, “Wave function of the universe,”
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
S.W. Hawking, “The Cosmological Constant Is Probably Zero,”
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
S.W. Hawking, “The quantum state of the universe,”
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Jackiw, “Lower Dimensional Gravity,”
1985
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Anderson and Bryce S. DeWitt, “Does the Topology of Space Fluctuate?.”
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
Don N. Page, “Density Matrix of the Universe,”
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

Andrew G. Cohen, Gregory W. Moore, Philip C. Nelson, and Joseph Polchinski, “An Off-Shell Propagator for String Theory,”
1986
Cited alongside, same era.
S.W. Hawking, “The Density Matrix of the Universe,”
1987
Cited alongside, same era.
Sidney R. Coleman, “Black Holes as Red Herrings: Topological Fluctuations and the Loss of Quantum Coherence,”
1988
Cited alongside, same era.
Sidney R. Coleman, “Why There Is Nothing Rather Than Something: A Theory of the Cosmological Constant,”
1988
Cited alongside, same era.
Steven B. Giddings and Andrew Strominger, “Axion Induced Topology Change in Quantum Gravity and String Theory,”
1988
Cited alongside, same era.
Steven B. Giddings and Andrew Strominger, “Loss of Incoherence and Determination of Coupling Constants in Quantum Gravity,”

Then

Juan Martin Maldacena, Gregory W. Moore, Nathan Seiberg, and David Shih, “Exact vs. semiclassical target space of the minimal string,”
2004
Later among the works it cites.
Jacob McNamara and Cumrun Vafa, “Baby Universes, Holography, and the Swampland,”
Original
2004
Later among the works it cites.
Steven B. Giddings and Gustavo J. Turiaci, “Wormhole calculus, replicas, and entropies,”
Original
2004
Later among the works it cites.
Diego Pontello, “Aspects of Entanglement Entropy in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory,”
Original
2005
Later among the works it cites.
Alexander Maloney and Edward Witten, “Averaging Over Narain Moduli Space,”
Original

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2020

Density matrices in quantum gravity

Anous, Tarek, Kruthoff, Jorrit, Mahajan, Raghu

Understand

We study density matrices in quantum gravity, focusing on topology change.

We argue that the inclusion of bra-ket wormholes in the gravity path integral is not a free choice, but is dictated by the specification of a global state in the multi-universe Hilbert space.
Specifically, the Hartle-Hawking (HH) state does not contain bra-ket wormholes.
It has recently been pointed out that bra-ket wormholes are needed to avoid potential bags-of-gold and strong subadditivity paradoxes, suggesting a problem with the HH state.

Built on

Phil Saad, Stephen H. Shenker, and Douglas Stanford, “JT gravity as a matrix integral,”
Original
1903
Earlier work this paper cites.
Juan Maldacena, Gustavo J. Turiaci, and Zhenbin Yang, “Two dimensional Nearly de Sitter gravity,”
Original
1904
Earlier work this paper cites.
Jordan Cotler, Kristan Jensen, and Alexander Maloney, “Low-dimensional de Sitter quantum gravity,”
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
Geoffrey Penington, “Entanglement Wedge Reconstruction and the Information Paradox,”
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ahmed Almheiri, Netta Engelhardt, Donald Marolf, and Henry Maxfield, “The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole,”
Original
1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
Edward A. Mazenc and Daniel Ranard, “Target Space Entanglement Entropy,”
Original
1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
Ahmed Almheiri, Thomas Hartman, Juan Maldacena, Edgar Shaghoulian, and Amirhossein Tajdini, “Replica Wormholes and the Entropy of Hawking Radiation,”
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
Geoff Penington, Stephen H. Shenker, Douglas Stanford, and Zhenbin Yang, “Replica wormholes and the black hole interior,”
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
Andreas Blommaert, Thomas G. Mertens, and Henri Verschelde, “Eigenbranes in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity,”
Original
1911
Earlier work this paper cites.
James D. Bjorken and Sidney D. Drell, “Relativistic quantum fields,” (1965)
1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
S.W. Hawking and Don N. Page, “Thermodynamics of Black Holes in anti-De Sitter Space,”
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. Teitelboim, “Gravitation and Hamiltonian Structure in Two Space-Time Dimensions,”
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. B. Hartle and S. W. Hawking, “Wave function of the universe,”
1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
S.W. Hawking, “The Cosmological Constant Is Probably Zero,”
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
S.W. Hawking, “The quantum state of the universe,”
1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Jackiw, “Lower Dimensional Gravity,”
1985
Earlier work this paper cites.
A. Anderson and Bryce S. DeWitt, “Does the Topology of Space Fluctuate?.”
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.
Don N. Page, “Density Matrix of the Universe,”
1986
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

Andrew G. Cohen, Gregory W. Moore, Philip C. Nelson, and Joseph Polchinski, “An Off-Shell Propagator for String Theory,”
1986
Cited alongside, same era.
S.W. Hawking, “The Density Matrix of the Universe,”
1987
Cited alongside, same era.
Sidney R. Coleman, “Black Holes as Red Herrings: Topological Fluctuations and the Loss of Quantum Coherence,”
1988
Cited alongside, same era.
Sidney R. Coleman, “Why There Is Nothing Rather Than Something: A Theory of the Cosmological Constant,”
1988
Cited alongside, same era.
Steven B. Giddings and Andrew Strominger, “Axion Induced Topology Change in Quantum Gravity and String Theory,”
1988
Cited alongside, same era.
Steven B. Giddings and Andrew Strominger, “Loss of Incoherence and Determination of Coupling Constants in Quantum Gravity,”

Then

Juan Martin Maldacena, Gregory W. Moore, Nathan Seiberg, and David Shih, “Exact vs. semiclassical target space of the minimal string,”
2004
Later among the works it cites.
Jacob McNamara and Cumrun Vafa, “Baby Universes, Holography, and the Swampland,”
Original
2004
Later among the works it cites.
Steven B. Giddings and Gustavo J. Turiaci, “Wormhole calculus, replicas, and entropies,”
Original
2004
Later among the works it cites.
Diego Pontello, “Aspects of Entanglement Entropy in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory,”
Original
2005
Later among the works it cites.
Alexander Maloney and Edward Witten, “Averaging Over Narain Moduli Space,”
Original

Beyond the bibliography

alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.

Open on alphaXiv

alphaXiv is searching for related work…

1988

Cited alongside, same era.

Jonathan J. Halliwell, “Derivation of the wheeler-dewitt equation from a path integral for minisuperspace models,”

1988

Cited alongside, same era.

Steven B. Giddings and Andrew Strominger, “Baby Universes, Third Quantization and the Cosmological Constant,”

1989

Cited alongside, same era.

Tom Banks, Michael R. Douglas, Nathan Seiberg, and Stephen H. Shenker, “Microscopic and Macroscopic Loops in Nonperturbative Two-dimensional Gravity,”

1990

Cited alongside, same era.

Sumit R. Das and Antal Jevicki, “String Field Theory and Physical Interpretation of

1990

Cited alongside, same era.

Andrew Strominger, “Baby Universes,” in

1991

Cited alongside, same era.

S.W. Hawking, “The Alpha parameters of wormholes,”

1991

Cited alongside, same era.

2006