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In deep learning, models typically reuse the same parameters for all inputs.
Some aspects of the sequential design of experiments
Herbert Robbins · 1952
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“cloze procedure”: A new tool for measuring readability
Wilson L Taylor · 1953
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Adaptive mixtures of local experts
Robert A Jacobs, Michael I Jordan, Steven J Nowlan, and Geoffrey E Hinton · 1991
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Hierarchical mixtures of experts and the em algorithm
Michael I Jordan and Robert A Jacobs · 1994
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Long short-term memory
Sepp Hochreiter and Jürgen Schmidhuber · 1997
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Semantic parsing on freebase from question-answer pairs
Jonathan Berant, Andrew Chou, Roy Frostig, and Percy Liang · 2013
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Learning factored representations in a deep mixture of experts
David Eigen, Marc’Aurelio Ranzato, and Ilya Sutskever · 2013
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Kyunghyun Cho and Yoshua Bengio · 2014
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Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting
Nitish Srivastava, Geoffrey E. Hinton, Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov · 2014
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Teaching machines to read and comprehend
Karl Moritz Hermann, Tomas Kocisky, Edward Grefenstette, Lasse Espeholt, Will Kay, Mustafa Suleyman, and Phil Blunsom · 2015
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Distilling the knowledge in a neural network
Geoffrey Hinton, Oriol Vinyals, and Jeff Dean · 2015
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Tensorflow: A system for large-scale machine learning
Martín Abadi, Paul Barham, Jianmin Chen, Zhifeng Chen, Andy Davis, Jeffrey Dean, Matthieu Devin, Sanjay Ghemawat, Geoffrey Irving, Michael Isard, et al · 2016
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Squad: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text
Pranav Rajpurkar, Jian Zhang, Konstantin Lopyrev, and Percy Liang · 2016
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Gpu kernels for block-sparse weights
Scott Gray, Alec Radford, and Diederik P Kingma · 2017
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Triviaqa: A large scale distantly supervised challenge dataset for reading comprehension
Mandar Joshi, Eunsol Choi, Daniel S Weld, and Luke Zettlemoyer · 2017
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Paulius Micikevicius, Sharan Narang, Jonah Alben, Gregory Diamos, Erich Elsen, David Garcia, Boris Ginsburg, Michael Houston, Oleksii Kuchaiev, Ganesh Venkatesh, et al · 2017
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Routing networks: Adaptive selection of non-linear functions for multi-task learning
Clemens Rosenbaum, Tim Klinger, and Matthew Riemer · 2017
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Outrageously large neural networks: The sparsely-gated mixture-of-experts layer
Noam Shazeer, Azalia Mirhoseini, Krzysztof Maziarz, Andy Davis, Quoc Le, Geoffrey Hinton, and Jeff Dean · 2017
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin · 2017
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Think you have solved question answering? try arc, the ai2 reasoning challenge
Peter Clark, Isaac Cowhey, Oren Etzioni, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, Carissa Schoenick, and Oyvind Tafjord · 2018
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Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova · 2018
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Maskgan: Better text generation via filling in the_
William Fedus, Ian Goodfellow, and Andrew M Dai · 2018
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Pipedream: Fast and efficient pipeline parallel dnn training
Aaron Harlap, Deepak Narayanan, Amar Phanishayee, Vivek Seshadri, Nikhil Devanur, Greg Ganger, and Phil Gibbons · 2018
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Shashi Narayan, Shay B Cohen, and Mirella Lapata · 2018
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Improving language understanding by generative pre-training, 2018
Alec Radford, Karthik Narasimhan, Tim Salimans, and Ilya Sutskever · 2018
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Diversity and depth in per-example routing models
Prajit Ramachandran and Quoc V Le · 2018
The Bitter Lesson
Rich Sutton · 2019
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Superglue: A stickier benchmark for general-purpose language understanding systems
Alex Wang, Yada Pruksachatkun, Nikita Nangia, Amanpreet Singh, Julian Michael, Felix Hill, Omer Levy, and Samuel Bowman · 2019
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Bfloat16: The secret to high performance on cloud tpus
Shibo Wang and Pankaj Kanwar · 2019
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Longformer: The long-document transformer
Iz Beltagy, Matthew E Peters, and Arman Cohan · 2020
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Language models are few-shot learners
Tom B Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, et al · 2020
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Mesh-tensorflow: Deep learning for supercomputers
Noam Shazeer, Youlong Cheng, Niki Parmar, Dustin Tran, Ashish Vaswani, Penporn Koanantakool, Peter Hawkins, HyoukJoong Lee, Mingsheng Hong, Cliff Young, et al · 2018
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Reinforcement learning: An introduction
Richard S Sutton and Andrew G Barto · 2018
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Glue: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natural language understanding
Alex Wang, Amanpreet Singh, Julian Michael, Felix Hill, Omer Levy, and Samuel R Bowman · 2018
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Generating long sequences with sparse transformers
Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, and Ilya Sutskever · 2019
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Adaptively sparse transformers
Gonçalo M Correia, Vlad Niculae, and André FT Martins · 2019
Cited alongside, same era.
Gpipe: Efficient training of giant neural networks using pipeline parallelism
Yanping Huang, Youlong Cheng, Ankur Bapna, Orhan Firat, Dehao Chen, Mia Chen, HyoukJoong Lee, Jiquan Ngiam, Quoc V Le, Yonghui Wu, et al · 2019
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Natural questions: a benchmark for question answering research
Tom Kwiatkowski, Jennimaria Palomaki, Olivia Redfield, Michael Collins, Ankur Parikh, Chris Alberti, Danielle Epstein, Illia Polosukhin, Jacob Devlin, Kenton Lee, et al · 2019
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Trevor Gale, Matei Zaharia, Cliff Young, and Erich Elsen · 2020
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Realm: Retrieval-augmented language model pre-training
Kelvin Guu, Kenton Lee, Zora Tung, Panupong Pasupat, and Ming-Wei Chang · 2020
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Sara Hooker · 2020
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Scaling laws for neural language models
Jared Kaplan, Sam McCandlish, Tom Henighan, Tom B Brown, Benjamin Chess, Rewon Child, Scott Gray, Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, and Dario Amodei · 2020
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Reformer: The efficient transformer
Nikita Kitaev, Łukasz Kaiser, and Anselm Levskaya · 2020
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Gshard: Scaling giant models with conditional computation and automatic sharding
Dmitry Lepikhin, HyoukJoong Lee, Yuanzhong Xu, Dehao Chen, Orhan Firat, Yanping Huang, Maxim Krikun, Noam Shazeer, and Zhifeng Chen · 2020
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Scalable transfer learning with expert models
Joan Puigcerver, Carlos Riquelme, Basil Mustafa, Cedric Renggli, André Susano Pinto, Sylvain Gelly, Daniel Keysers, and Neil Houlsby · 2020
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How much knowledge can you pack into the parameters of a language model?
Adam Roberts, Colin Raffel, and Noam Shazeer · 2020
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Winogrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale
Keisuke Sakaguchi, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, and Yejin Choi · 2020
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Glu variants improve transformer, 2020
Noam Shazeer · 2020
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mt5: A massively multilingual pre-trained text-to-text transformer
Linting Xue, Noah Constant, Adam Roberts, Mihir Kale, Rami Al-Rfou, Aditya Siddhant, Aditya Barua, and Colin Raffel · 2020
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Xlnet: Generalized autoregressive pretraining for language understanding, 2020
Zhilin Yang, Zihang Dai, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Quoc V. Le · 2020
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Big bird: Transformers for longer sequences
Manzil Zaheer, Guru Guruganesh, Avinava Dubey, Joshua Ainslie, Chris Alberti, Santiago Ontanon, Philip Pham, Anirudh Ravula, Qifan Wang, Li Yang, et al · 2020
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Beyond english-centric multilingual machine translation
Angela Fan, Shruti Bhosale, Holger Schwenk, Zhiyi Ma, Ahmed El-Kishky, Siddharth Goyal, Mandeep Baines, Onur Celebi, Guillaume Wenzek, Vishrav Chaudhary, et al · 2021
Closest in time.
Deduplicating training data makes language models better
Katherine Lee, Daphne Ippolito, Andrew Nystrom, Chiyuan Zhang, Douglas Eck, Chris Callison-Burch, and Nicholas Carlini · 2021
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