Fetching the paper…
Reading the bibliography…
We propose a system for measuring hate speech on a continuous, interval-valued spectrum ranging from genocidal to supportive speech by combining supervised deep learning with faceted Rasch item response theory (IRT).
“HuggingFace’s Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing”
Thomas Wolf et al · 1910
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Two new properties of mathematical likelihood”
Ronald Fisher · 1934
Earlier work this paper cites.
“A generalization of sampling without replacement from a finite universe”
Daniel Horvitz and Donovan Thompson · 1952
Earlier work this paper cites.
“On simultaneous factor analysis in several populations”
G Rasch · 1953
Earlier work this paper cites.
“The Turner Diaries”
William Pierce and Andrew MacDonald · 1978
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests. 1960”
G Rasch · 1980
Earlier work this paper cites.
“A Rasch model for partial credit scoring”
Geoff Masters · 1982
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Rating scale analysis”
Benjamin Wright and Geoff Masters · 1982
Earlier work this paper cites.
“The cost of dichotomization”
Jacob Cohen · 1983
Earlier work this paper cites.
“An extension of the Rasch model to multi-facet situations”
John Linacre · 1987
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Many-facet Rasch measurement”
John Linacre · 1989
Earlier work this paper cites.
“A generalized partial credit model: Application of an EM algorithm”
Eiji Muraki · 1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
“The International Objective Measurement Workshops: Past and future”
Benjamin Wright · 1992
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Accounting for nonsystematic error in performance ratings”
Grant Henning · 1996
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Comparing Rasch measurement and factor analysis”
Benjamin Wright · 1996
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Multitask learning”
Rich Caruana · 1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Objective structured assessment of technical skill (OSATS) for surgical residents”
JA Martin, Glenn Regehr, Richard Reznick, Helen Macrae, John Murnaghan, Carol Hutchison and M Brown · 1997
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Investigating rating scale category utility”
John Linacre · 1999
Earlier work this paper cites.
“The rater bundle model”
Mark Wilson and Machteld Hoskens · 2001
Earlier work this paper cites.
“What do infit and outfit, mean-square and standardized mean?”
John Linacre · 2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Construction of measures from many-facet data.”
John Linacre and Benjamin Wright · 2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Breaking up is hard to do: the heartbreak of dichotomizing continuous data”
David Streiner · 2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Destructive messages: How hate speech paves the way for harmful social movements”
Alexander Tsesis · 2002
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Detecting and measuring rater effects using many-facet Rasch measurement: Part I”
Carol Myford and Edward Wolfe · 2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Disappointing dichotomies”
Stephen Senn · 2003
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Inventing temperature: Measurement and scientific progress”
Hasok Chang · 2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Constructing measures: An item response modeling approach”
Mark Wilson · 2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Dichotomizing continuous predictors in multiple regression: a bad idea”
Patrick Royston, Douglas Altman and Willi Sauerbrei · 2006
Earlier work this paper cites.
“The unimodal model for the classification of ordinal data”
Joaquim da Costa, Hugo Alonso and Jaime Cardoso · 2008
Earlier work this paper cites.
“A survey on transfer learning”
Sinno Pan and Qiang Yang · 2009
Earlier work this paper cites.
“BART: Bayesian additive regression trees”
Hugh Chipman, Edward George and Robert McCulloch · 2010
Earlier work this paper cites.
“Rating scales and Rasch measurement”
David Andrich · 2011
Cited alongside, same era.
“Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon. com’s Mechanical Turk”
Adam Berinsky, Gregory Huber and Gabriel Lenz · 2012
Cited alongside, same era.
“Dichotomizing continuous variables in statistical analysis: a practice to avoid.”
Neal Dawson and Robert Weiss · 2012
Cited alongside, same era.
“Detecting hate speech on the world wide web”
William Warner and Julia Hirschberg · 2012
Cited alongside, same era.
“Invariant measurement: Using Rasch models in the social, behavioral, and health sciences”
George Engelhard · 2013
Cited alongside, same era.
“The Ten Stages of Genocide”, 2013
Gregory Stanton · 2013
Cited alongside, same era.
“Measuring and mitigating unintended bias in text classification”
Lucas Dixon, John Li, Jeffrey Sorensen, Nithum Thain and Lucy Vasserman · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
“Invariant measurement with raters and rating scales: Rasch models for rater-mediated assessments”
George Engelhard and Stefanie Wind · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
“A survey on automatic detection of hate speech in text”
Paula Fortuna and Sergio Nunes · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
“A unified deep learning architecture for abuse detection”
Antigoni-Maria Founta, Despoina Chatzakou, Nicolas Kourtellis, Jeremy Blackburn, Athena Vakali and Ilias Leontiadis · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
“Universal language model fine-tuning for text classification”
Jeremy Howard and Sebastian Ruder · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.
alphaXiv is searching for related work…
“Keras”, https://keras.io , 2015
Francois Chollet · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
“Hate speech detection with comment embeddings”
Nemanja Djuric, Jing Zhou, Robin Morris, Mihajlo Grbovic, Vladan Radosavljevic and Narayan Bhamidipati · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
“Introduction to many-facet Rasch measurement, 2nd Ed. ”
Thomas Eckes · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
“Sentiment analysis: Mining opinions, sentiments, and emotions”
Bing Liu · 2015
Cited alongside, same era.
“Empowering young people in the aftermath of hate”, 2016
Anti-Defamation League · 2016
Cited alongside, same era.
“Xgboost: A scalable tree boosting system”
Tianqi Chen and Carlos Guestrin · 2016
Cited alongside, same era.
“A Case for a Range of Acceptable Annotations.”
Jennimaria Palomaki, Olivia Rhinehart and Michael Tseng · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
“Share of U.S. adults using social media, including Facebook, is mostly unchanged since 2018”, 2019
Andrew Perrin and Monica Anderson · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
“NLP’s ImageNet moment has arrived”
Sebastian Ruder · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
“Hate: Why we should resist it with free speech, not censorship”
Nadine Strossen · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
“Adaptive methods for nonconvex optimization”
Manzil Zaheer, Sashank Reddi, Devendra Sachan, Satyen Kale and Sanjiv Kumar · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
“Detecting hate speech on twitter using a convolution-gru based deep neural network”
Ziqi Zhang, David Robinson and Jonathan Tepper · 2018
Later among the works it cites.
“Crowdsourcing Subjective Tasks: The Case Study of Understanding Toxicity in Online Discussions”
Lora Aroyo, Lucas Dixon, Nithum Thain, Olivia Redfield and Rachel Rosen · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“A qualitative study to identify indicators of the quality of wound closure”
NS Blencowe, L Rooshenas, Z Tolkien, KD Bera, H Gould, D Elliott, BC Reeves and JM Blazeby · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“Rank-consistent ordinal regression for neural networks”
Wenzhi Cao, Vahid Mirjalili and Sebastian Raschka · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
Mor Geva, Yoav Goldberg and Jonathan Berant · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“NLP’s Clever Hans Moment has Arrived”, 2019
Benjamin Heinzerling · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“Multi-Task Learning in the Wilderness” ICML, 2019
Andrej Karpathy · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“Facets computer program for many-facet Rasch measurement, version 3.83.0”
John Linacre · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach”
Yinhan Liu et al · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“Probing Neural Network Comprehension of Natural Language Arguments”
Timothy Niven and Hung-Yu Kao · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“TPOT: A tree-based pipeline optimization tool for automating machine learning”
Randal Olson and Jason Moore · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“Package ’SuperLearner”’
Eric Polley, Erin LeDell, Chris Kennedy, Sam Lendle and Mark van Laan · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“Language models are unsupervised multitask learners”
Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei and Ilya Sutskever · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer”
Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li and Peter Liu · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“The risk of racial bias in hate speech detection”
Maarten Sap, Dallas Card, Saadia Gabriel, Yejin Choi and Noah Smith · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“Trumping Hate on Twitter? Online Hate Speech in the 2016 US Election Campaign and its Aftermath”, 2019
Alexandra Siegel, Evgenii Nikitin, Pablo Barbera, Joanna Sterling, Bethany Pullen, Richard Bonneau, Jonathan Nagler and Joshua Tucker · 2019
Later among the works it cites.
“CORAL: Ordinal Regression in Keras”
Chris Kennedy · 2020
Closest in time.
“The Hateful Memes Challenge: Detecting Hate Speech in Multimodal Memes”
Douwe Kiela, Hamed Firooz, Aravind Mohan, Vedanuj Goswami, Amanpreet Singh, Pratik Ringshia and Davide Testuggine · 2020
Closest in time.
“Nas-bench-nlp: Neural architecture search benchmark for natural language processing”
Nikita Klyuchnikov, Ilya Trofimov, Ekaterina Artemova, Mikhail Salnikov, Maxim Fedorov and Evgeny Burnaev · 2020
Closest in time.
“Adv-BERT: BERT is not robust on misspellings! Generating nature adversarial samples on BERT”
Lichao Sun, Kazuma Hashimoto, Wenpeng Yin, Akari Asai, Jia Li, Philip Yu and Caiming Xiong · 2020
Closest in time.