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Searching for a Black Hole in the Outer Solar System · Around

2020

Searching for a Black Hole in the Outer Solar System

Witten, Edward

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There are hints of a novel object ("Planet 9") with a mass $5-10$ $M_\oplus$ in the outer Solar System, at a distance of order 500 AU.

If it is a relatively conventional planet, it can be found in telescopic searches.
Alternatively, it has been suggested that this body might be a primordial black hole (PBH).
In that case, conventional searches will fail.

Built on

H. Niikura, M. Takada, S. Yokoyama, T. Sumi, and S. Masaki, “Constraints on Earth-Mass Primordial Black Holes from OGLE 5-Year Microlensing Events,” arXiv:1901.07120
Original
1901
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. Batygin, F. C. Adams, M. E. Brown, J. C. Becker, “The Planet Nine Hypothesis,” Phys. Rep. (2019), arXiv:1902.10103
Original
1902
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Scholtz and J. Unwin, “What if Planet 9 Is A Primordial Black Hole?” arXiv:1909.11090
Original
1909
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Lawrence and Z. Rogoszinski, “The Brute-Force Search For Planet Nine,” arXiv:2004.14980
Original
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

C. A. Trujillo and S. S. Sheppard, “A Sedna-Like Body With a Perihelion of 80 Astronomical Units,” Nature 507
2014
Cited alongside, same era.
K. Batygin and M. E. Brown, “Evidence For A Distant Giant Planet In The Solar System,” AJ 151.2
Original
2016
Cited alongside, same era.
A. Fienga, J. Laskar, H. Manche, and M. Gastineau, “Constraints on the Location Of A Possible 9th Planet Derived From the Cassini Data,” Astron. Astrophys. 587
2016
Cited alongside, same era.
M. J. Holman and M. J. Payne, “Observational Constraints on Planet Nine: Cassini Range Observations,” Astron. J. 152
Original
2016
Cited alongside, same era.
See https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/initiative/3
Cited in the paper.
K. Parkin, “The Breakthrough Starshot System Model,” arXiv:1805.01306
Original
Cited in the paper.
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_anomaly
Cited in the paper.
B. Buscaino, D. DeBra, P. W. Graham, G. Gratta, and T. D. Wiser, “Testing Long-Distance Modifications of Gravity to 100 Astronomical Units,” arXiv:1508.06273
Original
Cited in the paper.

Then

P. Mróz, A. Udalski, J. Skowron, R. Poleski, S. Kozlowski, M. K. Szymański, I. Soszyński, Ł. Wyrzykowski, P. Pietrukowicz, K. Ulaczyk, D. Skowron, and M Pawlak, “No Large Population of Unbound or Wide-Orbit Jupiter-Mass Planets,” arXiv:1707.07634, Nature 548
Original
2017
Later among the works it cites.
P. Christian and A. Loeb, “Interferometric Measurements of Acceleration at Relativistic Speeds,” Ap. J. Lett. 834
Original
2017
Later among the works it cites.
Y. J. Guo, K. J. Lee, and R. N. Caballero, “A Dynamical Approach in Exploring the Unknown Mass in the Solar System Using Pulsar Timing Arrays,” MNRAS 4̱75 (2018) 3644, arXiv:1802.05452
Original
2018
Later among the works it cites.

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