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Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, K. Akiyama, A. Alberdi, W. Alef, K. Asada, R. Azulay, A.-K. Baczko, D. Ball, M. Baloković, and J. Barrett, “First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole,” ApJ 875
Original
1906
Earlier work this paper cites.
Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, K. Akiyama, A. Alberdi, W. Alef, K. Asada, R. Azulay, A.-K. Baczko, D. Ball, M. Baloković, and J. Barrett, “First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation,” ApJ 875
Original
1906
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Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, K. Akiyama, A. Alberdi, W. Alef, K. Asada, R. Azulay, A.-K. Baczko, D. Ball, M. Baloković, and J. Barrett, “First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration,” ApJ 875
Original
1906
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Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, K. Akiyama, A. Alberdi, W. Alef, K. Asada, R. Azulay, A.-K. Baczko, D. Ball, M. Baloković, and J. Barrett, “First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole,” ApJ 875
Original
1906
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Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, K. Akiyama, A. Alberdi, W. Alef, K. Asada, R. Azulay, A.-K. Baczko, D. Ball, M. Baloković, and J. Barrett, “First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring,” ApJ 875
Original
1906
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Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, K. Akiyama, A. Alberdi, W. Alef, K. Asada, R. Azulay, A.-K. Baczko, D. Ball, M. Baloković, and J. Barrett, “First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole,” ApJ 875
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1906
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S. E. Gralla, D. E. Holz, and R. M. Wald, “Black hole shadows, photon rings, and lensing rings,” Phys. Rev. D 100
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M. D. Johnson, A. Lupsasca, A. Strominger, G. N. Wong, S. Hadar, D. Kapec, R. Narayan, A. Chael, C. F. Gammie, P. Galison, D. C. M. Palumbo, S. S. Doeleman, L. Blackburn, M. Wielgus, D. W. Pesce, J. R. Farah, and J. M. Moran, “Universal Interferometric Signatures of a Black Hole’s Photon Ring,” arXiv e-prints
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1907
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Similar

E. Teo, “Spherical Photon Orbits Around a Kerr Black Hole,” General Relativity and Gravitation
1926
Cited alongside, same era.
T. Johannsen and D. Psaltis, “Testing the No-hair Theorem with Observations in the Electromagnetic Spectrum. II. Black Hole Images,” ApJ 718
Original
1931
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C. Darwin, “The Gravity Field of a Particle,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A
1959
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Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Jan, 1973
J. M. Bardeen, “Timelike and null geodesics in the Kerr metric.,” in Black Holes (Les Astres Occlus) · 1973
Cited alongside, same era.
P. A. Connors and R. F. Stark, “Observable gravitational effects on polarised radiation coming from near a black hole,” Nature 269
1977
Cited alongside, same era.

Then

J. P. Hamaker and J. D. Bregman, “Understanding radio polarimetry. III. Interpreting the IAU/IEEE definitions of the Stokes parameters.,” A&AS 117
1996
Later among the works it cites.
L.-X. Li, R. Narayan, and J. E. McClintock, “Inferring the Inclination of a Black Hole Accretion Disk from Observations of its Polarized Continuum Radiation,” ApJ 691
Original
2009
Later among the works it cites.
J. Dexter, “A public code for general relativistic, polarised radiative transfer around spinning black holes,” MNRAS 462
Original
2016
Later among the works it cites.
M. Mościbrodzka, J. Dexter, J. Davelaar, and H. Falcke, “Faraday rotation in GRMHD simulations of the jet launching zone of M87,” MNRAS 468
Original
2017
Later among the works it cites.
L. Smolin, “Extending Dualities to Trialities Deepens the Foundations of Dynamics,” International Journal of Theoretical Physics

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2020

Universal Polarimetric Signatures of the Black Hole Photon Ring

Himwich, Elizabeth, Johnson, Michael D., Lupsasca, Alexandru et al.

Understand

Black hole images present an annular region of enhanced brightness.

In the absence of propagation effects, this "photon ring" has universal features that are completely governed by general relativity and independent of the details of the emission.
Here, we show that the polarimetric image of a black hole also displays universal properties.
In particular, the photon ring exhibits a self-similar pattern of polarization that encodes the black hole spin.

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Similar

E. Teo, “Spherical Photon Orbits Around a Kerr Black Hole,” General Relativity and Gravitation
1926
Cited alongside, same era.
T. Johannsen and D. Psaltis, “Testing the No-hair Theorem with Observations in the Electromagnetic Spectrum. II. Black Hole Images,” ApJ 718
Original
1931
Cited alongside, same era.
C. Darwin, “The Gravity Field of a Particle,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A
1959
Cited alongside, same era.
Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Jan, 1973
J. M. Bardeen, “Timelike and null geodesics in the Kerr metric.,” in Black Holes (Les Astres Occlus) · 1973
Cited alongside, same era.
P. A. Connors and R. F. Stark, “Observable gravitational effects on polarised radiation coming from near a black hole,” Nature 269
1977
Cited alongside, same era.