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Posterior inference in directed graphical models is commonly done using a probabilistic encoder (a.k.a inference model) conditioned on the input.
The helmholtz machine
Dayan, P., Hinton, G. E., Neal, R. M., and Zemel, R. S · 1995
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An introduction to variational methods for graphical models
Jordan, M. I., Ghahramani, Z., Jaakkola, T. S., and Saul, L. K · 1999
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Localizing parts of faces using a consensus of exemplars
Belhumeur, P. N., Jacobs, D. W., Kriegman, D. J., and Kumar, N · 2011
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Interactive facial feature localization
Le, V., Brandt, J., Lin, Z., Bourdev, L., and Huang, T. S · 2012
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Practical bayesian optimization of machine learning algorithms
Snoek, J., Larochelle, H., and Adams, R. P · 2012
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Face detection, pose estimation, and landmark localization in the wild
Zhu, X. and Ramanan, D · 2012
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Stochastic variational inference
Hoffman, M. D., Blei, D. M., Wang, C., and Paisley, J · 2013
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Auto-encoding variational bayes
Kingma, D. P. and Welling, M · 2013
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Recursive deep models for semantic compositionality over a sentiment treebank
Socher, R., Perelygin, A., Wu, J., Chuang, J., Manning, C. D., Ng, A., and Potts, C · 2013
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Kingma, D. P. and Ba, J · 2014
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Stochastic backpropagation and approximate inference in deep generative models
Rezende, D. J., Mohamed, S., and Wierstra, D · 2014
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Deep unordered composition rivals syntactic methods for text classification
Iyyer, M., Manjunatha, V., Boyd-Graber, J., and Daumé III, H · 2015
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Ladder variational autoencoders
Sønderby, C. K., Raiko, T., Maaløe, L., Sønderby, S. K., and Winther, O · 2016
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Multimodal sentiment intensity analysis in videos: Facial gestures and verbal messages
Zadeh, A., Zellers, R., Pincus, E., and Morency, L.-P · 2016
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Multimodal sentiment analysis with word-level fusion and reinforcement learning
Chen, M., Wang, S., Liang, P. P., Baltrušaitis, T., Zadeh, A., and Morency, L.-P · 2017
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Inference suboptimality in variational autoencoders
Cremer, C., Li, X., and Duvenaud, D · 2018
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Semi-amortized variational autoencoders
Kim, Y., Wiseman, S., Miller, A. C., Sontag, D., and Rush, A. M · 2018
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Iterative refinement of the approximate posterior for directed belief networks
Hjelm, D., Salakhutdinov, R. R., Cho, K., Jojic, N., Calhoun, V., and Chung, J · 2016
Cited alongside, same era.
300 faces in-the-wild challenge: The first facial landmark localization challenge
Sagonas, C., Tzimiropoulos, G., Zafeiriou, S., and Pantic, M
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A semi-automatic methodology for facial landmark annotation
Sagonas, C., Tzimiropoulos, G., Zafeiriou, S., and Pantic, M
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300 faces in-the-wild challenge: The first facial landmark localization challenge
Sagonas, C., Tzimiropoulos, G., Zafeiriou, S., and Pantic, M
Cited in the paper.
Zadeh, A., Lim, Y.-C., Liang, P. P., and Morency, L.-P · 2019
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