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We examine the way race and racial categories are adopted in algorithmic fairness frameworks.
Thicker Than Blood: How Racial Statistics Lie
Tukufu Zuberi · 1912
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Statistics and causal inference
Paul W. Holland · 1986
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Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1992
Charles Tilly · 1990
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The social production of indifference
Michael Herzfeld · 1993
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American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass
Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton · 1993
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The concept of race in health services research: 1966 to 1990
David R. Williams · 1994
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Toward a critical race theory of education
Gloria Ladson-Billings and William F Tate IV · 1995
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Miscegenation law, court cases, and ideologies of "race" in twentieth-century america
Peggy Pascoe · 1996
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The racial contract
Charles W Mills · 1997
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Fighting words: Black women and the search for justice
Patricia Hill Collins · 1998
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Comment: Abandoning "race" as a variable in public health research - an idea whose time has come
Mindy Fullilove · 1998
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Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed
James C Scott · 1998
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Does it matter who answers the race question? racial classification and income inequality in brazil
Edward E. Telles and Nelson Lim · 1998
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The social construction of what?
Ian Hacking · 1999
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How inconsistencies in racial classification demystify the race construct in public health statistics
Jay S Kaufman · 1999
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Sorting Things Out
Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star · 2000
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Use of race and ethnicity in epidemiologic research: Concepts, methodological issues, and suggestions for research
S Lin and J Kelsey · 2000
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Deracializing social statistics: Problems in the quantification of race
Tukufu Zuberi · 2000
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Commentary: Considerations for use of racial/ethnic classification in etiologic research
Jay Kaufman and Richard Cooper · 2001
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The changing meaning of race
Michael A Omi · 2001
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Racial residential segregation: A fundamental cause of racial disparities in health
David Williams and Chiquita Collins · 2001
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Race, ethnicity, and genomics: social classifications as proxies of biological heterogeneity
Morris W. Foster and Richard R Sharp · 2002
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Use of Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Publication
Judith B. Kaplan and Trude Bennett · 2003
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Classification of race and ethnicity: Implications for public health
Vickie Mays, Ninez Ponce, Donna Washington, and Susan Cochran · 2003
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Racial measurement in the american census: Past practices and implications for the future
C Matthew Snipp · 2003
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Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan · 2004
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Racial and ethnic disparities in health and mortality among the u.s. elderly population
Gary D. Sandefur, Mary E. Campbell, and Jennifer Eggerling-Boeck · 2004
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Race and reification in science
Troy Duster · 2005
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The order of things
Michel Foucault · 2005
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Environmental health disparities: A framework integrating psychosocial and environmental concepts
Gilbert Gee and Devon Payne-Sturges · 2005
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Misreading race and genomics after bidil
Jonathan Kahn · 2005
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Social sources of racial disparities in health
David Williams and Pamela Braboy Jackson · 2005
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Uncontested categories: the use of race and ethnicity variables in nursing research
Denise J. Drevdahl, Debby A. Philips, and Janette Y. Taylor · 2006
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White by law: The legal construction of race
Ian Haney López · 2006
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Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle
Katherine McKittrick · 2006
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Double-checking the race box: Examining inconsistency between survey measures of observed and self-reported race
Aliya Saperstein · 2006
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The science and business of genetic ancestry testing
Deborah A Bolnick, Duana Fullwiley, Troy Duster, Richard S Cooper, Joan H Fujimura, Jonathan Kahn, Jay S Kaufman, Jonathan Marks, Ann Morning, Alondra Nelson, et al · 2007
Earlier work this paper cites.
Racial categories in medical practice: How useful are they?
Lundy Braun, Anne Fausto-Sterling, Duana Fullwiley, Evelynn Hammonds, Alondra Nelson, William Quivers, Susan Reverby, and Alexandra E Shields · 2007
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The molecularization of race: Institutionalizing human difference in pharmacogenetics practice
Duana Fullwiley · 2007
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Researching race: Identifying a social construction through qualitative methods and an interactionist perspective
Edward Morris · 2007
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Qui bono? explaining–or defending–winners and losers in the competition for educational achievement
Walter R Allen, Susan A Suh, Gloria González, and Joshua Yang · 2008
Earlier work this paper cites.
Toward a definition of white logic and white methods
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva and Tukufu Zuberi · 2008
Earlier work this paper cites.
The biologistical construction of race
Duana Fullwiley · 2008
Cited alongside, same era.
Causation and race
Paul W. Holland · 2008
Cited alongside, same era.
Making sense of race and racial classification
Angela James · 2008
Cited alongside, same era.
Race and population statistics in south africa
Akil Kokayi Khalfani, Tukufu Zuberi, Sulaiman Bah, and Pali J Lehohla · 2008
Cited alongside, same era.
Use and Misuse of ’Race’ in Biomedical Research
Karama C. Neal · 2008
Cited alongside, same era.
Mixed race: Understanding difference in the genome era
Elizabeth Phillips, Adebola Odunlami, and Vence Bonham · 2008
Cited alongside, same era.
The standardization of race and ethnicity in biomedical science editorials and uk biobanks
Public health critical race praxis: An introduction, an intervention, and three points for consideration
Chandra L. Ford · 2016
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Seeing like a market
Marion Fourcade and Kieran Healy · 2016
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Equality of opportunity in supervised learning
Moritz Hardt, Eric Price, and Nathan Srebro · 2016
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How we analyzed the compas recidivism algorithm
Jeff Larson, Surya Mattu, Lauren Kirchner, and Julia Angwin · 2016
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The multiple dimensions of race
Wendy D Roth · 2016
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Making the most of multiple measures: Disentangling the effects of different dimensions of race in survey research
Aliya Saperstein, Jessica M Kizer, and Andrew M Penner · 2016
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Andrew Smart, Richard Tutton, Paul Martin, George T.H. Ellison, and Richard Ashcroft · 2008
Cited alongside, same era.
Toward a non-ideal, relational methodology for political philosophy: Comments on schwartzman’s "challenging liberalism"
Elizabeth Anderson · 2009
Cited alongside, same era.
Life on the wire: Deconstructing race on the internet
Andre Brock · 2009
Cited alongside, same era.
Introduction: Race and/as Technology; or, How to Do Things to Race
Wendy Hui Kyong Chun · 2009
Cited alongside, same era.
What is racial domination?
Matthew Desmond and Mustafa Emirbayer · 2009
Cited alongside, same era.
The foundation of modern racial categories and implications for research on black/white disparities in health
Nina T Harawa and C. Lawrence Ford · 2009
Cited alongside, same era.
Race as a bundle of sticks: Designs that estimate effects of seemingly immutable characteristics
Maya Sen and Omar Wasow · 2016
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The racism-race reification process: A mesolevel political economic framework for understanding racial health disparities
Abigail A. Sewell · 2016
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Taking race out of human genetics
Michael Yudell, Dorothy Roberts, Rob DeSalle, and Sarah Tishkoff · 2016
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Interventions over predictions: Reframing the ethical debate for actuarial risk assessment
Chelsea Barabas, Karthik Dinakar, Joichi Ito, Madars Virza, and Jonathan Zittrain · 2017
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Fair prediction with disparate impact: A study of bias in recidivism prediction instruments
Alexandra Chouldechova · 2017
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The multiplicity and situationality of enacting ’ethnicity’ in dutch health research articles
Alana Helberg-Proctor, Anja Krumeich, Agnes Meershoek, and Klasien Horstman · 2017
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So what "should" we use? evaluating the impact of five racial measures on markers of social inequality
Junia Howell and Michael Emerson · 2017
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Stamped from the beginning: The definitive history of racist ideas in America
Ibram X Kendi · 2017
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Inherent trade-offs in the fair determination of risk scores
Jon M. Kleinberg, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Manish Raghavan · 2017
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The Limits of Whiteness: Iranian Americans and the Everyday Politics of Race
Neda Maghbouleh · 2017
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Methodological pitfalls of measuring race: international comparisons and repurposing of statistical categories
Wendy D. Roth · 2017
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Against the grain: a deep history of the earliest states
James C Scott · 2017
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Physiognomy’s new clothes
Blaise Agüera y Arcas, Margaret Mitchell, and Alexander Todorov · 2017
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Fairness beyond disparate treatment & disparate impact: Learning classification without disparate mistreatment
Muhammad Bilal Zafar, Isabel Valera, Manuel Gomez Rodriguez, and Krishna P. Gummadi · 2017
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Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification
Joy Buolamwini and Timnit Gebru · 2018
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The measure and mismeasure of fairness: A critical review of fair machine learning
Sam Corbett-Davies and Sharad Goel · 2018
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The myth in the methodology: Towards a recontextualization of fairness in machine learning
Ben Green and Lily Hu · 2018
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Race and Ethnicity: Understanding Difference in the Genome Era
Shannon Kelly and Yashwant Pathak · 2018
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Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism
Safiya Umoja Noble · 2018
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Unsettled identities amid settled classifications? toward a sociology of racial appraisals
Wendy D Roth · 2018
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Genetic options: The impact of genetic ancestry testing on consumers’ racial and ethnic identities
Wendy D. Roth and Biorn Ivemark · 2018
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Fat* be wilin’
J. Khadijah Abdurahman · 2019
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Towards a just theory of measurement: A principled social measurement assurance program for machine learning
McKane Andrus and Thomas K Gilbert · 2019
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Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code
Ruha Benjamin · 2019
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Racial categories in machine learning
Sebastian Benthall and Bruce D. Haynes · 2019
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Assessing miscounts in the 2020 census
Diana Elliott, Rob Santos, Steven Martin, and Charmaine Runes · 2019
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Where fairness fails: data, algorithms, and the limits of antidiscrimination discourse
Anna Lauren Hoffmann · 2019
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Measurement and fairness
Abigail Z. Jacobs and Hanna Wallach · 2019
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Eddie Murphy and the Dangers of Counterfactual Causal Thinking About Detecting Racial Discrimination
Issa Kohler-Hausmann · 2019
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Supreme court leaves census question on citizenship in doubt
Adam Liptak · 2019
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Model cards for model reporting
Margaret Mitchell, Simone Wu, Andrew Zaldivar, Parker Barnes, Lucy Vasserman, Ben Hutchinson, Elena Spitzer, Inioluwa Deborah Raji, and Timnit Gebru · 2019
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Actionable auditing: Investigating the impact of publicly naming biased performance results of commercial ai products
Inioluwa Deborah Raji and Joy Buolamwini · 2019
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A theory of racialized organizations
Victor Ray · 2019
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Dirty data, bad predictions: How civil rights violations impact police data, predictive policing systems, and justice
Rashida Richardson, Jason Schultz, and Kate Crawford · 2019
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Fairness and abstraction in sociotechnical systems
Andrew D. Selbst, danah boyd, Sorelle A. Friedler, Suresh Venkatasubramanian, and Janet Vertesi · 2019
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