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Original
D. Gleich · 1909
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

Numerical Optimization
J. Nocedal and S. Wright · 2006
Cited alongside, same era.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_problem
Cited in the paper.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system
Cited in the paper.
http://www-lp.fmf.uni-lj.si/plestenjak/talks/preddvor.pdf
Cited in the paper.

Then

One-bit compressed sensing by linear programming
Y. Plan and R. Vershynin · 2013
Later among the works it cites.

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2019

Optimization on the Surface of the (Hyper)-Sphere

Raman, Parameswaran, Yang, Jiasen

Understand

Thomson problem is a classical problem in physics to study how $n$ number of charged particles distribute themselves on the surface of a sphere of $k$ dimensions.

When $k=2$, i.e.
a 2-sphere (a circle), the particles appear at equally spaced points.
Such a configuration can be computed analytically.