Built on

V. Marra, M. Paakkonen, and W. Valkenburg, Uncertainty on w from large-scale structure
Original
1902
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. A. Milne, A newtonian expanding universe
1934
Earlier work this paper cites.
N. Meures and M. Bruni, Redshift and distances in a Λ {\Lambda} CDM cosmology with non-linear inhomogeneities
Original
1937
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Sachs, Gravitational waves in general relativity. vi. the outgoing radiation condition
1961
Earlier work this paper cites.
Y. B. Zeldovich, Observations in a Universe Homogeneous in the Mean
1964
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Kristian and R. K. Sachs, Observations in Cosmology
1966
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. E. Gunn, On the Propagation of Light in Inhomogeneous Cosmologies. I. Mean Effects
1967
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Kantowski, Corrections in the Luminosity-Redshift Relations of the Homogeneous Fried-Mann Models
1969
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Refsdal, On the Propagation of Light in Universes with Inhomogeneous Mass Distribution
1970
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. C. Dyer and R. C. Roeder, The Distance-Redshift Relation for Universes with no Intergalactic Medium
1972
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. Dyer and R. Roeder, Distance-Redshift Relations for Universes with Some Intergalactic Medium
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Seitz, P. Schneider, and J. Ehlers, Light propagation in arbitrary space-times and the gravitational lens approximation
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. A. Hughes, C. R. Keeton, P. Walker, K. T. Walsh, S. L. Shapiro, and S. A. Teukolsky, Finding black holes in numerical space-times
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Perlick, Gravitational lensing from a spacetime perspective
Original
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Schnetter, S. H. Hawley, and I. Hawke, Evolutions in 3-D numerical relativity using fixed mesh refinement
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Lamburt, D. Sokoloff, and V. Tutubalin, Light propagation in a universe with spatial inhomogeneities
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.

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2016

Light propagation through black-hole lattices

Bentivegna, Eloisa, Korzyński, Mikołaj, Hinder, Ian et al.

Understand

The apparent properties of distant objects encode information about the way the light they emit propagates to an observer, and therefore about the curvature of the underlying spacetime.

Measuring the relationship between the redshift $z$ and the luminosity distance $D_{\rm L}$ of a standard candle, for example, yields information on the Universe's matter content.
In practice, however, in order to decode this information the observer needs to make an assumption about the functional form of the $D_{\rm L}(z)$ relation; in other words, a cosmological model needs to be assumed.
In this work, we use numerical-relativity simulations, equipped with a new ray-tracing module, to numerically obtain this relation for a few black-hole--lattice cosmologies and compare it to the well-known Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker case, as well as to other relevant cosmologies and to the Empty-Beam Approximation.

Built on

V. Marra, M. Paakkonen, and W. Valkenburg, Uncertainty on w from large-scale structure
Original
1902
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. A. Milne, A newtonian expanding universe
1934
Earlier work this paper cites.
N. Meures and M. Bruni, Redshift and distances in a Λ {\Lambda} CDM cosmology with non-linear inhomogeneities
Original
1937
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Sachs, Gravitational waves in general relativity. vi. the outgoing radiation condition
1961
Earlier work this paper cites.
Y. B. Zeldovich, Observations in a Universe Homogeneous in the Mean
1964
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. Kristian and R. K. Sachs, Observations in Cosmology
1966
Earlier work this paper cites.
J. E. Gunn, On the Propagation of Light in Inhomogeneous Cosmologies. I. Mean Effects
1967
Earlier work this paper cites.
R. Kantowski, Corrections in the Luminosity-Redshift Relations of the Homogeneous Fried-Mann Models
1969
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Refsdal, On the Propagation of Light in Universes with Inhomogeneous Mass Distribution
1970
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. C. Dyer and R. C. Roeder, The Distance-Redshift Relation for Universes with no Intergalactic Medium
1972
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. Dyer and R. Roeder, Distance-Redshift Relations for Universes with Some Intergalactic Medium
1973
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Seitz, P. Schneider, and J. Ehlers, Light propagation in arbitrary space-times and the gravitational lens approximation
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. A. Hughes, C. R. Keeton, P. Walker, K. T. Walsh, S. L. Shapiro, and S. A. Teukolsky, Finding black holes in numerical space-times
1994
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Perlick, Gravitational lensing from a spacetime perspective
Original
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
E. Schnetter, S. H. Hawley, and I. Hawke, Evolutions in 3-D numerical relativity using fixed mesh refinement
2004
Earlier work this paper cites.
V. Lamburt, D. Sokoloff, and V. Tutubalin, Light propagation in a universe with spatial inhomogeneities
2005
Earlier work this paper cites.