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2014

A Massless Firewall

Israel, Werner

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Several anomalies of black hole thermodynamics are resolved if one accepts hints from semi classical theory that in regions of strong gravity the energy density of the vacuum can become substantially negative.

This leads to a picture of the horizon as a hot massless shell.
As viewed in the local (Boulware) ground state, the apparent horizon is the repository of a large store of energy, and this energy is thermal.
But, as a source of gravity, its mass is near zero.

A Massless Firewall · Around

Built on

G. ’t Hooft, Nucl. Phys. B256
1985
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. S. Thorne, R. H. Price and D. A. MacDonald: Black Holes. The Membrane Paradigm . Yale Univ. Press (New Haven, 1985)
1985
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

E. Poisson and W. Israel, Phys. Rev. D41
Original
1990
Cited alongside, same era.
S. Mukohyama and W. Israel, Phys. Rev. D58
1998
Cited alongside, same era.

Then

Recent reviews of black hole thermodynamics: A. Fabbri, and J. Navarro-Salas, Modeling Black Hole Evaporation . Imperial College Press (London, 2005). W. Israel, “Black hole thermodynamics”, in Current Trends in Relativistic Astrophysics (ed. L. Fernández and L. M. Gonzáles), Springer Lecture Notes in Physics LNP 617 (2003)
2003
Later among the works it cites.
A. Almheiri, D. Marolf, J. Polchinski and J. Sully, High Energy Phys, 02
2013
Later among the works it cites.

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