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Asymptotically Vanishing Cosmological Constant in the Multiverse · Around

2011

Asymptotically Vanishing Cosmological Constant in the Multiverse

Kawai, Hikaru, Okada, Takashi

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We study the problem of the cosmological constant in the context of the multiverse in Lorentzian spacetime, and show that the cosmological constant will vanish in the future.

This sort of argument was started from Coleman in 1989, and he argued that the Euclidean wormholes make the multiverse partition a superposition of various values of the cosmological constant $\Lambda$, which has a sharp peak at $\Lambda=0$.
However, the implication of the Euclidean analysis to our Lorentzian spacetime is unclear.
With this motivation, we analyze the quantum state of the multiverse in Lorentzian spacetime by the WKB method, and calculate the density matrix of our universe by tracing out the other universes.

Built on

The cosmological constant is probably zero
SW Hawking · 1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
Quantum creation of universes
A. Vilenkin · 1984
Earlier work this paper cites.
Why there is nothing rather than something: A theory of the cosmological constant* 1
S. Coleman · 1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
Prolegomena to a theory of bifurcating universes: a nonlocal solution to the cosmological constant problem or little lambda goes back to the future
T. Banks · 1988
Earlier work this paper cites.
Does the wormhole mechanism for vanishing cosmological constant work in lorentzian gravity?
J.M. Cline · 1989
Earlier work this paper cites.

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Unimodular theory of canonical quantum gravity
WG Unruh · 1989
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Wormholes and the cosmological constant* 1
Original
I. Klebanov, L. Susskind, and T. Banks · 1989
Cited alongside, same era.

Then

Possible solution to the cosmological-constant problem
Y.J. Ng and H. van Dam · 1990
Later among the works it cites.
Quantization of four-form fluxes and dynamical neutralization of the cosmological constant
R. Bousso and J. Polchinski · 2000
Later among the works it cites.
For reviews, see, for example, S. Weinberg. The cosmological constant problem
2001
Later among the works it cites.
Quantization of unimodular gravity and the cosmological constant problems
L. Smolin · 2009
Later among the works it cites.
A Testable Solution of the Cosmological Constant and Coincidence Problems
Douglas J. Shaw and John D. Barrow · 2011
Closest in time.

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