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Without assuming necessary conditions for observers such as galaxies or entropy production, we show that the causal patch measure predicts the coincidence of vacuum energy and present matter density.
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We know of no argument against this assumption. Indeed, it seems clear that h h and f f should both increase with t obs t_{\rm obs} , when averaged over many vacua with t obs ∼ t c ≲ t Λ t_{\rm obs}\sim t_{\rm c}\lesssim t_{\Lambda} . The density of matter at the time t obs t_{\rm obs} is of order t obs − 2 t_{\rm obs}^{-2} , which implies that the maximum number of nonoverlapping quanta per unit mass grows as t obs 1 / 2 t_{\rm obs}^{1/2} Bousso and Harnik 2010 . Supposing that a system of sufficient complexity to function as an observer requires a fixed minimum amount of quanta, this implies that more observers can be produced per unit mass, on average. Similarly, the fraction of vacua containing observers should increase with t obs t_{\rm obs} , since the number of elementary interactions that can take place in the universe, and hence, the probability that successful evolution of observers can take place, increases with time. (This argument is due to Roni Harnik.)
Cited in the paper.
R. Bousso and R. Harnik, (2010), arXiv:1001.1155 [hep-th]
2010
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A. Linde and V. Vanchurin, (2010), arXiv:1011.0119 [hep-th]
2010
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