Built on

G. Dvali and C Gomez, “Quantum Information and Gravity Cutoff in Theories with Species”, Phys. Lett. B674
Original
1940
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. Israel, Phys. Lett. A 57 (1976) 107; L.Bombelli, R.K. Koul, J.H. Lee and R.D. Sorkin, Phys. Rev. D34, 373 (1986); M. Srednicki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 666 (1993); V.P. Frolov and I. Novikov, Phys. Rev. D48, 4545 (1993)
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. ’t Hooft, ”Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity”, gr-qc/9310026; L. Susskind, ”The World As A Hologram”, J. Math. Phys. 36
1995
Earlier work this paper cites.
M.J. Duff ,, P. Howe, T. Inami, K.S. Stelle, �Superstrings in D=10 from supermem- branes in D=11�, Phys. Lett. B191 (1987) 70; M.J. Duff , J. X. Lu, �Duality rotations in membrane theory�, Nucl. Phys. B347 (1990) 394 ; M.J. Duff, R. Minasian, James T. Liu, �Eleven-dimensional origin of string/string duality: a one-loop test�, Nucl. Phys. B452 (1995) 261 ; C. Hull and P. K. Townsend, �Unity of superstring dualities�, Nucl. Phys. B438 (1995) 109, hep-th/9410167 ; P. K. Townsend, �The Eleven-Dimensional Supermembrane Revisited� Phys. Lett. B350 (1995) 184 hep-th/9501068 ; �String-membrane duality in seven dimensions�, Phys. Lett. 354B (1995) 247, hep- th/9504095 ; C. Hull and P. K. Townsend, �Enhanced gauge symmetries in superstring theories�, Nucl. Phys. B451 (1995) 525, hep-th/9505073; E. Witten �String Theory Dynamics in Various Dimensions�, Nucl.Phys. B443 (1995) 85 hep-th/9503124
1995
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

T. Banks , W. Fischler , S.H. Shenker, L. Susskind, “ M theory as a matrix model: A Conjecture”, Phys.Rev.D55:5112-5128,1997. hep-th/9610043
Original
1997
Cited alongside, same era.
J. M. Maldacena, “ The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity”, Adv.Theor.Math.Phys. 2
1998
Cited alongside, same era.
G. T. Horowitz and J. Polchinski, A correspondence principle for black holes and strings, Phys. Rev. D 55, 6189 (1997), hep-th/9612146 G.T. Horowitz and J. Polchinski, Phys. Rev. D 57, 2557 (1998) [hep-th/9707170]; T. Damour and G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. B 568, 93 (2000) [hep-th/9907030]
2000
Cited alongside, same era.
L. Susskind and E. Witten, “The Holographic bound in anti-de Sitter space”, arXiv:9805114 [hep-th]
Cited in the paper.
G. Dvali and D. Lust, “Evaporation of Microscopic Black Holes in String Theory and the Bound on Species”, arXiv:0912.3167 [hep-th]

Then

G. Dvali, “Black Holes and Large N Species Solution to the Hierarchy Problem,” arXiv:0706.2050 [hep-th]; G. Dvali and M. Redi, “Black Hole Bound on the Number of Species and Quantum Gravity at LHC,” Phys. Rev. D77
Original
2008
Later among the works it cites.
G. Dvali, “ Predictive Power of Strong Coupling in Theories with Large Distance Modified Gravity”, New J.Phys. 8
Original
2008
Later among the works it cites.
R. Brustein, G. Dvali and G. Veneziano, “ A Bound on Effective Gravitational Coupling from Semiclassical Black Holes”, JHEP 0910:085,2009, arXiv:0907.5516 [hep-th]
Original
2009
Later among the works it cites.

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2010

Species and Strings

Dvali, Gia, Gomez, Cesar

Understand

Based on well-known properties of semi-classical black holes, we show that weakly-coupled string theory can be viewed as a theory of N = 1/g_s^2 particle species.

This statement is a string theoretic realization of the fact that the fundamental scale in any consistent D-dimensional theory of gravity is not the Planck length l_D, but rather the species scale L_N = N^1/(D-2) l_D.
Using this fact, we derive the bound on semi-classical black hole entropy in any consistent theory of gravity as S > N, which when applied to string theory provides additional evidence for the former relation.
This counting also shows that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy can be viewed as the entanglement entropy, without encountering any puzzle of species.

Built on

G. Dvali and C Gomez, “Quantum Information and Gravity Cutoff in Theories with Species”, Phys. Lett. B674
Original
1940
Earlier work this paper cites.
W. Israel, Phys. Lett. A 57 (1976) 107; L.Bombelli, R.K. Koul, J.H. Lee and R.D. Sorkin, Phys. Rev. D34, 373 (1986); M. Srednicki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 666 (1993); V.P. Frolov and I. Novikov, Phys. Rev. D48, 4545 (1993)
1993
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. ’t Hooft, ”Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity”, gr-qc/9310026; L. Susskind, ”The World As A Hologram”, J. Math. Phys. 36
1995
Earlier work this paper cites.
M.J. Duff ,, P. Howe, T. Inami, K.S. Stelle, �Superstrings in D=10 from supermem- branes in D=11�, Phys. Lett. B191 (1987) 70; M.J. Duff , J. X. Lu, �Duality rotations in membrane theory�, Nucl. Phys. B347 (1990) 394 ; M.J. Duff, R. Minasian, James T. Liu, �Eleven-dimensional origin of string/string duality: a one-loop test�, Nucl. Phys. B452 (1995) 261 ; C. Hull and P. K. Townsend, �Unity of superstring dualities�, Nucl. Phys. B438 (1995) 109, hep-th/9410167 ; P. K. Townsend, �The Eleven-Dimensional Supermembrane Revisited� Phys. Lett. B350 (1995) 184 hep-th/9501068 ; �String-membrane duality in seven dimensions�, Phys. Lett. 354B (1995) 247, hep- th/9504095 ; C. Hull and P. K. Townsend, �Enhanced gauge symmetries in superstring theories�, Nucl. Phys. B451 (1995) 525, hep-th/9505073; E. Witten �String Theory Dynamics in Various Dimensions�, Nucl.Phys. B443 (1995) 85 hep-th/9503124
1995
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

T. Banks , W. Fischler , S.H. Shenker, L. Susskind, “ M theory as a matrix model: A Conjecture”, Phys.Rev.D55:5112-5128,1997. hep-th/9610043
Original
1997
Cited alongside, same era.
J. M. Maldacena, “ The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity”, Adv.Theor.Math.Phys. 2
1998
Cited alongside, same era.
G. T. Horowitz and J. Polchinski, A correspondence principle for black holes and strings, Phys. Rev. D 55, 6189 (1997), hep-th/9612146 G.T. Horowitz and J. Polchinski, Phys. Rev. D 57, 2557 (1998) [hep-th/9707170]; T. Damour and G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. B 568, 93 (2000) [hep-th/9907030]
2000
Cited alongside, same era.
L. Susskind and E. Witten, “The Holographic bound in anti-de Sitter space”, arXiv:9805114 [hep-th]
Cited in the paper.
G. Dvali and D. Lust, “Evaporation of Microscopic Black Holes in String Theory and the Bound on Species”, arXiv:0912.3167 [hep-th]

Then

G. Dvali, “Black Holes and Large N Species Solution to the Hierarchy Problem,” arXiv:0706.2050 [hep-th]; G. Dvali and M. Redi, “Black Hole Bound on the Number of Species and Quantum Gravity at LHC,” Phys. Rev. D77
Original
2008
Later among the works it cites.
G. Dvali, “ Predictive Power of Strong Coupling in Theories with Large Distance Modified Gravity”, New J.Phys. 8
Original
2008
Later among the works it cites.
R. Brustein, G. Dvali and G. Veneziano, “ A Bound on Effective Gravitational Coupling from Semiclassical Black Holes”, JHEP 0910:085,2009, arXiv:0907.5516 [hep-th]
Original
2009
Later among the works it cites.

Beyond the bibliography

alphaXiv searches the wider corpus for related work and actual follow-ups.

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Original

Cited in the paper.

J.D. Bekenstein, “Do we understand black hole entropy?”, arXiv:gr-qc/9409015

Cited in the paper.

G. Dvali and S. N. Solodukhin, “ Black Hole Entropy and Gravity Cutoff”, hep-th/08063976

Cited in the paper.

While this paper was in preparation, we became aware of the following work that discusses the same bound from a different perspective. We thank the authors for sharing their preliminary results with us. R. Brustein and A.J.M. Medved, “Bounds on Black Hole Entropy in Unitary Theories of Gravity”, arXiv:1003.2850 [hep-th]

Original

Cited in the paper.

L. Susskind, hep-th/9309145, E. Halyo, A. Ra jaraman, and L. Susskind, hep-th/9605112, E. Halyo, B. Kol, A. Ra jaraman, and L. Susskind, hep-th/9609075

Cited in the paper.