Built on

S. Weinberg, “Photons and gravitons in perturbation theory: Derivation of Maxwell’s and Einstein’s equations,” Phys. Rev. 138
1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Deser, “Self-interaction and gauge invariance,” Gen. Rel. Grav. 1
1970
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. J. Isham, A. Salam and J. A. Strathdee, “F-dominance of gravity,” Phys. Rev. D 3
1971
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. G. Boulware and S. Deser, “Classical General Relativity Derived From Quantum Gravity,” Annals Phys. 89
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. S. Stelle, “Classical Gravity With Higher Derivatives,” Gen. Rel. Grav. 9
1978
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Deser, R. Jackiw and S. Templeton, “Topologically massive gauge theories”, Annals Phys. 140
1982
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

C. Aragone and A. Khoudeir, “Selfdual massive gravity”, Phys. Lett. B 173
1986
Cited alongside, same era.
J. D. Brown and M. Henneaux, “Central Charges in the Canonical Realization of Asymptotic Symmetries: An Example from Three-Dimensional Gravity,” Commun. Math. Phys. 104
1986
Cited alongside, same era.
H. Nishino and S. Rajpoot, “(Curvature) 2 -terms for supergravity in three dimension,” Phys. Lett. B 639
2006
Cited alongside, same era.
E. A. Bergshoeff, O. Hohm and P. K. Townsend, “Massive Gravity in Three Dimensions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102
Original
2009
Cited alongside, same era.
S. Deser, “Ghost-free, finite, fourth order D=3 (alas) gravity”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103
Original
2009
Cited alongside, same era.

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2009

On massive gravitons in 2+1 dimensions

Bergshoeff, Eric, Hohm, Olaf, Townsend, Paul

Understand

The Fierz-Pauli (FP) free field theory for massive spin 2 particles can be extended, in a spacetime of (1+2) dimensions (3D), to a generally covariant parity-preserving interacting field theory, in at least two ways.

One is "new massive gravity" (NMG), with an action that involves curvature-squared terms.
Another is 3D "bigravity", which involves non-linear couplings of the FP tensor field to 3D Einstein-Hilbert gravity.
We review the proof of the linearized equivalence of both "massive 3D gravity" theories to FP theory, and we comment on their similarities and differences.

Built on

S. Weinberg, “Photons and gravitons in perturbation theory: Derivation of Maxwell’s and Einstein’s equations,” Phys. Rev. 138
1965
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Deser, “Self-interaction and gauge invariance,” Gen. Rel. Grav. 1
1970
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. J. Isham, A. Salam and J. A. Strathdee, “F-dominance of gravity,” Phys. Rev. D 3
1971
Earlier work this paper cites.
D. G. Boulware and S. Deser, “Classical General Relativity Derived From Quantum Gravity,” Annals Phys. 89
1975
Earlier work this paper cites.
K. S. Stelle, “Classical Gravity With Higher Derivatives,” Gen. Rel. Grav. 9
1978
Earlier work this paper cites.
S. Deser, R. Jackiw and S. Templeton, “Topologically massive gauge theories”, Annals Phys. 140
1982
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

C. Aragone and A. Khoudeir, “Selfdual massive gravity”, Phys. Lett. B 173
1986
Cited alongside, same era.
J. D. Brown and M. Henneaux, “Central Charges in the Canonical Realization of Asymptotic Symmetries: An Example from Three-Dimensional Gravity,” Commun. Math. Phys. 104
1986
Cited alongside, same era.
H. Nishino and S. Rajpoot, “(Curvature) 2 -terms for supergravity in three dimension,” Phys. Lett. B 639
2006
Cited alongside, same era.
E. A. Bergshoeff, O. Hohm and P. K. Townsend, “Massive Gravity in Three Dimensions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102
Original
2009
Cited alongside, same era.
S. Deser, “Ghost-free, finite, fourth order D=3 (alas) gravity”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103
Original
2009
Cited alongside, same era.