Test the time-reversal modified universality of the Sivers function

Understand

We derive the time-reversal modified universality for both quark and gluon Sivers function from the parity and time-reversal invariance of QCD.

• We calculate the single transverse-spin asymmetry of inclusive lepton from the decay of $W$ bosons in polarized proton-proton collision at RHIC, in terms of the Sivers function.
• We find that although the asymmetry is diluted from the $W$ decay, the lepton asymmetry is at the level of several percent and is measurable for a good range of lepton rapidity at RHIC.
• We argue that this measurable lepton asymmetry at RHIC is an excellent observable for testing the time-reversal modified universality of the Sivers function.