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Giving up the ghost · Around

2008

Giving up the ghost

Bender, Carl M., Mannheim, Philip D.

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Understand

The Pais-Uhlenbeck model is a quantum theory described by a higher-derivative field equation.

It has been believed for many years that this model possesses ghost states (quantum states of negative norm) and therefore that this model is a physically unacceptable quantum theory.
The existence of such ghost states was believed to be attributable to the field equation having more than two derivatives.
This paper shows that the Pais-Uhlenbeck model does not possess any ghost states at all and that it is a perfectly acceptable quantum theory.

Built on

A. Pais and G. E. Uhlenbeck, Phys. Rev. 79
1950
Earlier work this paper cites.
T. D. Lee, Phys. Rev. 95
1954
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Källén and W. Pauli, Mat.-Fys. Medd. 30
1955
Earlier work this paper cites.
G. Barton, Introduction to Advanced Field Theory
1963
Earlier work this paper cites.
C. M. Bender and S. A. Orszag, Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers
1978
Earlier work this paper cites.
F. Scholtz, H. Geyer, and F. Hahne, Ann. Phys. 213
1992
Earlier work this paper cites.

Similar

C. M. Bender and S. Boettcher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80
1999
Cited alongside, same era.
P. Dorey, C. Dunning and R. Tateo, J. Phys. A 34
2001
Cited alongside, same era.
A. Mostafazadeh, J. Math. Phys. 43
2002
Cited alongside, same era.
C. M. Bender, D. C. Brody, and H. F. Jones, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89
2003
Cited alongside, same era.
A. Mostafazadeh, J. Phys A: Math. Gen. 36
2003
Cited alongside, same era.
C. M. Bender and P. D. Mannheim, arXiv: hep-th/0706.0207
Cited in the paper.

Then

C. M. Bender, S. F. Brandt, J.-H. Chen, and Q. Wang, Phys. Rev. D 71
Original
2005
Later among the works it cites.
V. Buslaev and V. Grecchi, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 26
2006
Later among the works it cites.
C. M. Bender, P. N. Meisinger, and Q. Wang, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 36
2006
Later among the works it cites.
C. M. Bender, Contemp. Phys. 46
2007
Later among the works it cites.
P. D. Mannheim and A. Davidson, arXiv: hep-th/0001115 and Phys. Rev. A 71
2007
Later among the works it cites.

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