Understand
The energy conditions play an important role in the understanding of several properties of the Universe, including the current accelerating expansion phase and the possible existence of the so-called phantom fields.
- We show that the integrated bounds provided by the energy conditions on cosmological observables such as the distance modulus $\mu(z)$ and the lookback time $t_L(z)$ are not sufficient (nor necessary) to ensure the local fulfillment of the energy conditions, making explicit the limitation of these bounds in the confrontation with observational data.
- We recast the energy conditions as bounds on the deceleration and normalized Hubble parameters, obtaining new bounds which are necessary and sufficient for the local fulfillment of the energy conditions.
- A statistical confrontation, with $1\sigma-3\sigma$ confidence levels, between our bounds and supernovae data from the gold and combined samples is made for the recent past.
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