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Latent space is rapidly emerging as a native substrate for language-based models.
Representation learning: A review and new perspectives
Yoshua Bengio, Aaron C. Courville, and Pascal Vincent · 2013
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Auto-encoding variational bayes
Diederik P. Kingma and Max Welling · 2014
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Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units
Rico Sennrich, Barry Haddow, and Alexandra Birch · 2016
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Neural discrete representation learning
Aäron van den Oord, Oriol Vinyals, and Koray Kavukcuoglu · 2017
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Attention is all you need
Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin · 2017
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Multimodal machine learning: A survey and taxonomy
Tadas Baltrusaitis, Chaitanya Ahuja, and Louis-Philippe Morency · 2018
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Language models are few-shot learners
Tom B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel M. Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Christopher Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei · 2020
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Taming transformers for high-resolution image synthesis
Patrick Esser, Robin Rombach, and Björn Ommer · 2021
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Revisiting the uniform information density hypothesis
Clara Meister, Tiago Pimentel, Patrick Haller, Lena A. Jäger, Ryan Cotterell, and Roger Levy · 2021
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Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, Gretchen Krueger, and Ilya Sutskever · 2021
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Score-based generative modeling in latent space
Arash Vahdat, Karsten Kreis, and Jan Kautz · 2021
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High-resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models
Robin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz, Patrick Esser, and Björn Ommer · 2022
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Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Brian Ichter, Fei Xia, Ed H. Chi, Quoc V. Le, and Denny Zhou · 2022
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Outlier suppression: Pushing the limit of low-bit transformer language models
Xiuying Wei, Yunchen Zhang, Xiangguo Zhang, Ruihao Gong, Shanghang Zhang, Qi Zhang, Fengwei Yu, and Xianglong Liu · 2022
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Stable video diffusion: Scaling latent video diffusion models to large datasets
Andreas Blattmann, Tim Dockhorn, Sumith Kulal, Daniel Mendelevitch, Maciej Kilian, Dominik Lorenz, Yam Levi, Zion English, Vikram Voleti, Adam Letts, Varun Jampani, and Robin Rombach · 2023
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Fast inference from transformers via speculative decoding
Yaniv Leviathan, Matan Kalman, and Yossi Matias · 2023
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Scalable diffusion models with transformers
William Peebles and Saining Xie · 2023
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Language models don’t always say what they think: Unfaithful explanations in chain-of-thought prompting
Miles Turpin, Julian Michael, Ethan Perez, and Samuel R. Bowman · 2023
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React: Synergizing reasoning and acting in language models
Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik R. Narasimhan, and Yuan Cao · 2023
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A survey on multimodal large language models
Shukang Yin, Chaoyou Fu, Sirui Zhao, Ke Li, Xing Sun, Tong Xu, and Enhong Chen · 2023
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Adding conditional control to text-to-image diffusion models
Lvmin Zhang, Anyi Rao, and Maneesh Agrawala · 2023
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Representation engineering: A top-down approach to AI transparency
Andy Zou, Long Phan, Sarah Li Chen, James Campbell, Phillip Guo, Richard Ren, Alexander Pan, Xuwang Yin, Mantas Mazeika, Ann-Kathrin Dombrowski, Shashwat Goel, Nathaniel Li, Michael J. Byun, Zifan Wang, Alex Mallen, Steven Basart, Sanmi Koyejo, Dawn Song, Matt Fredrikson, J. Zico Kolter, and Dan Hendrycks · 2023
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Language models are hidden reasoners: Unlocking latent reasoning capabilities via self-rewarding
Haolin Chen, Yihao Feng, Zuxin Liu, Weiran Yao, Akshara Prabhakar, Shelby Heinecke, Ricky Ho, Phil Mui, Silvio Savarese, Caiming Xiong, and Huan Wang · 2024
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Compressed chain of thought: Efficient reasoning through dense representations
Jeffrey Cheng and Benjamin Van Durme · 2024
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Language modeling is compression
Grégoire Delétang, Anian Ruoss, Paul-Ambroise Duquenne, Elliot Catt, Tim Genewein, Christopher Mattern, Jordi Grau-Moya, Li Kevin Wenliang, Matthew Aitchison, Laurent Orseau, Marcus Hutter, and Joel Veness · 2024
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Training large language models to reason in a continuous latent space
Shibo Hao, Sainbayar Sukhbaatar, DiJia Su, Xian Li, Zhiting Hu, Jason Weston, and Yuandong Tian · 2024
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Understanding reasoning in chain-of-thought from the hopfieldian view
Lijie Hu, Liang Liu, Shu Yang, Xin Chen, Zhen Tan, Muhammad Asif Ali, Mengdi Li, and Di Wang · 2024
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Let’s verify step by step
Hunter Lightman, Vineet Kosaraju, Yuri Burda, Harrison Edwards, Bowen Baker, Teddy Lee, Jan Leike, John Schulman, Ilya Sutskever, and Karl Cobbe · 2024
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Steering language model refusal with sparse autoencoders
Kyle O’Brien, David Majercak, Xavier Fernandes, Richard Edgar, Jingya Chen, Harsha Nori, Dean Carignan, Eric Horvitz, and Forough Poursabzi-Sangdeh · 2024
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Let’s think dot by dot: Hidden computation in transformer language models
Jacob Pfau, William Merrill, and Samuel R. Bowman · 2024
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Evolutionary computation in the era of large language model: Survey and roadmap
Xingyu Wu, Sheng-Hao Wu, Jibin Wu, Liang Feng, and Kay Chen Tan · 2024
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Unlocking efficiency in large language model inference: A comprehensive survey of speculative decoding
Heming Xia, Zhe Yang, Qingxiu Dong, Peiyi Wang, Yongqi Li, Tao Ge, Tianyu Liu, Wenjie Li, and Zhifang Sui · 2024
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Symbol-llm: Towards foundational symbol-centric interface for large language models
Fangzhi Xu, Zhiyong Wu, Qiushi Sun, Siyu Ren, Fei Yuan, Shuai Yuan, Qika Lin, Yu Qiao, and Jun Liu · 2024
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Latent action pretraining from videos
Seonghyeon Ye, Joel Jang, Byeongguk Jeon, Se June Joo, Jianwei Yang, Baolin Peng, Ajay Mandlekar, Reuben Tan, Yu-Wei Chao, Bill Yuchen Lin, Lars Liden, Kimin Lee, Jianfeng Gao, Luke Zettlemoyer, Dieter Fox, and Minjoon Seo · 2024
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A survey of controllable text generation using transformer-based pre-trained language models
Hanqing Zhang, Haolin Song, Shaoyu Li, Ming Zhou, and Dawei Song · 2024
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Uncovering latent chain of thought vectors in language models
Jason Zhang and Scott Viteri · 2024
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Unlocking out-of-distribution generalization in transformers via recursive latent space reasoning
Awni Altabaa, Siyu Chen, John Lafferty, and Zhuoran Yang · 2025
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Synthstrategy: Extracting and formalizing latent strategic insights from llms in organic chemistry
Daniel P. Armstrong, Zlatko Joncev, Andres M. Bran, and Philippe Schwaller · 2025
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Your latent reasoning is secretly policy improvement operator
Arip Asadulaev, Rayan Banerjee, Fakhri Karray, and Martin Takác · 2025
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Sarah Ball, Simeon Allmendinger, Frauke Kreuter, and Niklas Kühl · 2025
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Not only text: Exploring compositionality of visual representations in vision-language models
Davide Berasi, Matteo Farina, Massimiliano Mancini, Elisa Ricci, and Nicola Strisciuglio · 2025
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Motus: A unified latent action world model
Hongzhe Bi, Hengkai Tan, Shenghao Xie, Zeyuan Wang, Shuhe Huang, Haitian Liu, Ruowen Zhao, Yao Feng, Chendong Xiang, Yinze Rong, Hongyan Zhao, Hanyu Liu, Zhizhong Su, Lei Ma, Hang Su, and Jun Zhu · 2025
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Perception tokens enhance visual reasoning in multimodal language models
Mahtab Bigverdi, Zelun Luo, Cheng-Yu Hsieh, Ethan Shen, Dongping Chen, Linda G. Shapiro, and Ranjay Krishna · 2025
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Seeing space and motion: Enhancing latent actions with spatial and dynamic awareness for VLA
Zhejia Cai, Yandan Yang, Xinyuan Chang, Shiyi Liang, Ronghan Chen, Feng Xiong, Mu Xu, and Ruqi Huang · 2025
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iclp: Large language model reasoning with implicit cognition latent planning
Sijia Chen and Di Niu · 2025
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Exploring system 1 and 2 communication for latent reasoning in llms
Julian Coda-Forno, Zhuokai Zhao, Qiang Zhang, Dipesh Tamboli, Weiwei Li, Xiangjun Fan, Lizhu Zhang, Eric Schulz, and Hsiao-Ping Tseng · 2025
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Llm latent reasoning as chain of superposition
Jingcheng Deng, Liang Pang, Zihao Wei, Shicheng Xu, Zenghao Duan, Kun Xu, Yang Song, Huawei Shen, and Xueqi Cheng · 2025
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Rethinking repetition problems of llms in code generation
Yihong Dong, Yuchen Liu, Xue Jiang, Bin Gu, Zhi Jin, and Ge Li · 2025
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SRPO: self-referential policy optimization for vision-language-action models
Senyu Fei, Siyin Wang, Li Ji, Ao Li, Shiduo Zhang, Liming Liu, Jinlong Hou, Jingjing Gong, Xianzhong Zhao, and Xipeng Qiu · 2025
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Efficient reasoning models: A survey
Sicheng Feng, Gongfan Fang, Xinyin Ma, and Xinchao Wang · 2025
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Scaling up test-time compute with latent reasoning: A recurrent depth approach
Jonas Geiping, Sean McLeish, Neel Jain, John Kirchenbauer, Siddharth Singh, Brian R. Bartoldson, Bhavya Kailkhura, Abhinav Bhatele, and Tom Goldstein · 2025
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Continuous chain of thought enables parallel exploration and reasoning
Halil Alperen Gozeten, Muhammed Emrullah Ildiz, Xuechen Zhang, Hrayr Harutyunyan, Ankit Singh Rawat, and Samet Oymak · 2025
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Glad: Geometric latent distillation for vision-language-action models
Minghao Guo, Meng Cao, Jiachen Tao, Rongtao Xu, Yan Yan, Xiaodan Liang, Ivan Laptev, and Xiaojun Chang · 2025
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Lightweight latent reasoning for narrative tasks
Alexander Gurung, Nikolay Malkin, and Mirella Lapata · 2025
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Beyond chains of thought: Benchmarking latent-space reasoning abilities in large language models
Thilo Hagendorff and Sarah Fabi · 2025
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Learning to ponder: Adaptive reasoning in latent space
Yixin He and Lumingyuan Tang · 2025
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Activationreasoning: Logical reasoning in latent activation spaces
Lukas Helff, Ruben Härle, Wolfgang Stammer, Felix Friedrich, Manuel Brack, Antonia Wüst, Hikaru Shindo, Patrick Schramowski, and Kristian Kersting · 2025
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Thinkact: Vision-language-action reasoning via reinforced visual latent planning
Chi-Pin Huang, Yueh-Hua Wu, Min-Hung Chen, Yu-Chiang Frank Wang, and Fu-En Yang · 2025
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DART: distilling autoregressive reasoning to silent thought
Nan Jiang, Ziming Wu, De-Chuan Zhan, Fuming Lai, and Shaobing Lian · 2025
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Ladir: Latent diffusion enhances llms for text reasoning
Haoqiang Kang, Yizhe Zhang, Nikki Lijing Kuang, Nicklas Majamaki, Navdeep Jaitly, Yi-An Ma, and Lianhui Qin · 2025
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Encode, think, decode: Scaling test-time reasoning with recursive latent thoughts
Yeskendir Koishekenov, Aldo Lipani, and Nicola Cancedda · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Chain of thought monitorability: A new and fragile opportunity for AI safety
Tomek Korbak, Mikita Balesni, Elizabeth Barnes, Yoshua Bengio, Joe Benton, Joseph Bloom, Mark Chen, Alan Cooney, Allan Dafoe, Anca D. Dragan, Scott Emmons, Owain Evans, David Farhi, Ryan Greenblatt, Dan Hendrycks, Marius Hobbhahn, Evan Hubinger, Geoffrey Irving, Erik Jenner, Daniel Kokotajlo, Victoria Krakovna, Shane Legg, David Lindner, David Luan, Aleksander Madry, Julian Michael, Neel Nanda, Dave Orr, Jakub Pachocki, Ethan Perez, Mary Phuong, Fabien Roger, Joshua Saxe, Buck Shlegeris, Martín Soto, Eric Steinberger, Jasmine Wang, Wojciech Zaremba, Bowen Baker, Rohin Shah, and Vladimir Mikulik · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Kava: Latent reasoning via compressed kv-cache distillation
Anna Kuzina, Maciej Pioro, Paul N. Whatmough, and Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Identity bridge: Enabling implicit reasoning via shared latent memory
Soft reasoning: Navigating solution spaces in large language models through controlled embedding exploration
Qinglin Zhu, Runcong Zhao, Hanqi Yan, Yulan He, Yudong Chen, and Lin Gui · 2025
Later among the works it cites.
Latent collaboration in multi-agent systems
Jiaru Zou, Xiyuan Yang, Ruizhong Qiu, Gaotang Li, Katherine Tieu, Pan Lu, Ke Shen, Hanghang Tong, Yejin Choi, Jingrui He, James Zou, Mengdi Wang, and Ling Yang · 2025
Later among the works it cites.
Latent reasoning with supervised thinking states
Ido Amos, Avi Caciularu, Mor Geva, Amir Globerson, Jonathan Herzig, Lior Shani, and Idan Szpektor · 2026
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Latent reasoning VLA: latent thinking and prediction for vision-language-action models
Shuanghao Bai, Jing Lyu, Wanqi Zhou, Zhe Li, Dakai Wang, Lei Xing, Xiaoguang Zhao, Pengwei Wang, Zhongyuan Wang, Cheng Chi, Badong Chen, and Shanghang Zhang · 2026
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Pengxiao Lin, Zhengan Chen, and Zhi-Qin John Xu · 2025
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Deliberation in latent space via differentiable cache augmentation
Luyang Liu, Jonas Pfeiffer, Jiaxing Wu, Jun Xie, and Arthur Szlam · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Reducing hallucinations in large vision-language models via latent space steering
Sheng Liu, Haotian Ye, and James Zou · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Rujiao Long, Yang Li, Xingyao Zhang, Weixun Wang, Tianqianjin Lin, Xi Zhao, Yuchi Xu, Wenbo Su, Junchi Yan, and Bo Zheng · 2025
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Latent chain-of-thought? decoding the depth-recurrent transformer
Wenquan Lu, Yuechuan Yang, Kyle Lee, Yanshu Li, and Enqi Liu · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Alignvlm: Bridging vision and language latent spaces for multimodal understanding
Ahmed Masry, Juan A. Rodríguez, Tianyu Zhang, Suyuchen Wang, Chao Wang, Aarash Feizi, Akshay Kalkunte Suresh, Abhay Puri, Xiangru Jian, Pierre-André Noël, Sathwik Tejaswi Madhusudhan, Marco Pedersoli, Bang Liu, Nicolas Chapados, Yoshua Bengio, Enamul Hoque, Christopher Pal, Issam H. Laradji, David Vázquez, Perouz Taslakian, Spandana Gella, and Sai Rajeswar · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
SALS: sparse attention in latent space for KV cache compression
Junlin Mu, Hantao Huang, Jihang Zhang, Minghui Yu, Tao Wang, and Yidong Li · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Latentbreak: Jailbreaking large language models through latent space feedback
Raffaele Mura, Giorgio Piras, Kamile Lukosiute, Maura Pintor, Amin Karbasi, and Battista Biggio · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
A comprehensive overview of large language models
Humza Naveed, Asad Ullah Khan, Shi Qiu, Muhammad Saqib, Saeed Anwar, Muhammad Usman, Naveed Akhtar, Nick Barnes, and Ajmal Mian · 2025
Cited alongside, same era.
Zhaolin Cai, Fan Li, Huiyu Duan, Lijun He, and Guangtao Zhai · 2026
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Yunlong Chu, Minglai Shao, Yuhang Liu, Bing Hao, Yumeng Lin, Jialu Wang, and Ruijie Wang · 2026
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Conla: Contrastive latent action learning from human videos for robotic manipulation
Weisheng Dai, Kai Lan, Jianyi Zhou, Bo Zhao, Xiu Su, Junwen Tong, Weili Guan, and Shuo Yang · 2026
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IIB-LPO: latent policy optimization via iterative information bottleneck
Huilin Deng, Hongchen Luo, Yue Zhu, Long Li, Zhuoyue Chen, Xinghao Zhao, Ming Li, Jihai Zhang, Mengchang Wang, Yang Cao, and Yu Kang · 2026
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Latent space communication via K-V cache alignment
Lucio M. Dery, Zohar Yahav, Henry Prior, Qixuan Feng, Jiajun Shen, and Arthur Szlam · 2026
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Future-vla: Forecasting unified trajectories under real-time execution
Jingjing Fan, Yushan Liu, Shoujie Li, Botao Ren, Siyuan Li, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Wenbo Ding, and Zhidong Deng · 2026
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Latentmem: Customizing latent memory for multi-agent systems
Muxin Fu, Guibin Zhang, Xiangyuan Xue, Yafu Li, Zefeng He, Siyuan Huang, Xiaoye Qu, Yu Cheng, and Yang Yang · 2026
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Unilact: Depth-aware rgb latent action learning for vision-language-action models
Manish Kumar Govind, Dominick Reilly, Pu Wang, and Srijan Das · 2026
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S2gr: Stepwise semantic-guided reasoning in latent space for generative recommendation
Zihao Guo, Jian Wang, Ruxin Zhou, Youhua Liu, Jiawei Guo, Jun Zhao, Xiaoxiao Xu, Yongqi Liu, and Kaiqiao Zhan · 2026
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Deltakv: Residual-based KV cache compression via long-range similarity
Jitai Hao, Qiang Huang, Yaowei Wang, Min Zhang, and Jun Yu · 2026
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Reasoning beyond chain-of-thought: A latent computational mode in large language models
Zhenghao He, Guangzhi Xiong, Bohan Liu, Sanchit Sinha, and Aidong Zhang · 2026
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Flashmem: Distilling intrinsic latent memory via computation reuse
Yubo Hou, Zhisheng Chen, Tao Wan, and Zengchang Qin · 2026
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Fast-thinkact: Efficient vision-language-action reasoning via verbalizable latent planning
Chi-Pin Huang, Yunze Man, Zhiding Yu, Min-Hung Chen, Jan Kautz, Yu-Chiang Frank Wang, and Fu-En Yang · 2026
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Causalembed: Auto-regressive multi-vector generation in latent space for visual document embedding
Jiahao Huo, Yu Huang, Yibo Yan, Ye Pan, Yi Cao, Mingdong Ou, Philip S. Yu, and Xuming Hu · 2026
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Loopformer: Elastic-depth looped transformers for latent reasoning via shortcut modulation
Ahmadreza Jeddi, Marco Ciccone, and Babak Taati · 2026
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Vision-aligned latent reasoning for multi-modal large language model
Byungwoo Jeon, Yoonwoo Jeong, Hyunseok Lee, Minsu Cho, and Jinwoo Shin · 2026
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Learning to act robustly with view-invariant latent actions
Youngjoon Jeong, Junha Chun, and Taesup Kim · 2026
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Feiyang Jia, Lin Liu, Ziying Song, Caiyan Jia, Hangjun Ye, Xiaoshuai Hao, and Long Chen · 2026
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Latent adversarial regularization for offline preference optimization
Enyi Jiang, Yibo Jacky Zhang, Yinglun Xu, Andreas Haupt, Nancy M. Amato, and Sanmi Koyejo · 2026
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Sri Durga Sai Sowmya Kadali and Evangelos E Papalexakis · 2026
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Talking with the latents–how to convert your llm into an astronomer
Ilay Kamai, Marc-Huertas Company, Mike J Smith, and Hagai B Perets · 2026
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Geosteer: Faithful chain-of-thought steering via latent manifold gradients
Kentaro Kazama, Daiki Shirafuji, and Tatsuhiko Saito · 2026
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Depth-recurrent attention mixtures: Giving latent reasoning the attention it deserves
Jonas Knupp, Jan Hendrik Metzen, Jeremias Bohn, Georg Groh, and Kristian Kersting · 2026
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Inference-time rethinking with latent thought vectors for math reasoning
Deqian Kong, Minglu Zhao, Aoyang Qin, Bo Pang, Chenxin Tao, David Hartmann, Edouardo Honig, Dehong Xu, Amit Kumar, Matthew Sarte, Chuan Li, Jianwen Xie, and Ying Nian Wu · 2026
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Latentlens: Revealing highly interpretable visual tokens in llms
Benno Krojer, Shravan Nayak, Oscar Mañas, Vaibhav Adlakha, Desmond Elliott, Siva Reddy, and Marius Mosbach · 2026
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Langforce: Bayesian decomposition of vision language action models via latent action queries
Shijie Lian, Bin Yu, Xiaopeng Lin, Laurence T. Yang, Zhaolong Shen, Changti Wu, Yuzhuo Miao, Cong Huang, and Kai Chen · 2026
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Do latent-cot models think step-by-step? A mechanistic study on sequential reasoning tasks
Jia Liang and Liangming Pan · 2026
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Onelatent: Single-token compression for visual latent reasoning
Bo Lv, Yasheng Sun, Junjie Wang, and Haoxiang Shi · 2026
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Inner loop inference for pretrained transformers: Unlocking latent capabilities without training
Jonathan Lys, Vincent Gripon, Bastien Pasdeloup, Lukas Mauch, Fabien Cardinaux, and Ghouthi Boukli Hacene · 2026
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Vision-language models unlock task-centric latent actions
Alexander Nikulin, Ilya Zisman, Albina Klepach, Denis Tarasov, Alexander Derevyagin, Andrei Polubarov, Nikita Lyubaykin, and Vladislav Kurenkov · 2026
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Measuring and mitigating post-hoc rationalization in reverse chain-of-thought generation
Guangyue Peng, Zongchao Chen, Wen Luo, Yuntao Wen, Wei Li, Ruixiang Feng, Ran Le, Chen Yang, Zhenwei An, Yang Song, Tao Zhang, and Houfeng Wang · 2026
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Visual reasoning over time series via multi-agent system
Weilin Ruan and Yuxuan Liang · 2026
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Polarity-aware probing for quantifying latent alignment in language models
Sabrina Sadiekh, Elena Ericheva, and Chirag Agarwal · 2026
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When shallow wins: Silent failures and the depth-accuracy paradox in latent reasoning
Subramanyam Sahoo, Aman Chadha, Vinija Jain, and Divya Chaudhary · 2026
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PREGEN: uncovering latent thoughts in composed video retrieval
Gabriele Serussi, David Vainshtein, Jonathan Kouchly, Dotan Di Castro, and Chaim Baskin · 2026
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Latent-space contrastive reinforcement learning for stable and efficient LLM reasoning
Lianlei Shan, Han Chen, Yixuan Wang, Zhenjie Liu, and Wei Li · 2026
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Learning modal-mixed chain-of-thought reasoning with latent embeddings
Yifei Shao, Kun Zhou, Ziming Xu, Mohammad Atif Quamar, Shibo Hao, Zhen Wang, Zhiting Hu, and Biwei Huang · 2026
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Adaponderlm: Gated pondering language models with token-wise adaptive depth
Shixiang Song, He Li, Zitong Wang, Boyi Zeng, Feichen Song, Yixuan Wang, Zhiqin John Xu, Ziwei He, and Zhouhan Lin · 2026
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LCLA: language-conditioned latent alignment for vision-language navigation
Nitesh Subedi, Adam Haroon, Samuel T. K. Tetteh, Prajwal Koirala, Cody H. Fleming, and Soumik Sarkar · 2026
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Vla-jepa: Enhancing vision-language-action model with latent world model, 2026
Jingwen Sun, Wenyao Zhang, Zekun Qi, Shaojie Ren, Zezhi Liu, Hanxin Zhu, Guangzhong Sun, Xin Jin, and Zhibo Chen · 2026
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Restoring exploration after post-training: Latent exploration decoding for large reasoning models
Wenhui Tan, Fiorenzo Parascandolo, Enver Sangineto, Jianzhong Ju, Zhenbo Luo, Qian Cao, Rita Cucchiara, Ruihua Song, and Jian Luan · 2026
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From logits to latents: Contrastive representation shaping for LLM unlearning
Haoran Tang and Rajiv Khanna · 2026
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Yalcin Tur, Jalal Naghiyev, Haoquan Fang, Wei-Chuan Tsai, Jiafei Duan, Dieter Fox, and Ranjay Krishna · 2026
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Efficient post-training refinement of latent reasoning in large language models
Xinyuan Wang, Dongjie Wang, Wangyang Ying, Haoyue Bai, Nanxu Gong, Sixun Dong, Kunpeng Liu, and Yanjie Fu · 2026
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Jonathan Williams and Esin Tureci · 2026
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G-memllm: Gated latent memory augmentation for long-context reasoning in large language models
Xun Xu · 2026
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Breaking model lock-in: Cost-efficient zero-shot LLM routing via a universal latent space
Cheng Yan, Wuyang Zhang, Zhiyuan Ning, Fan Xu, Ziyang Tao, Lu Zhang, Bing Yin, and Yanyong Zhang · 2026
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Chain of world: World model thinking in latent motion, 2026
Fuxiang Yang, Donglin Di, Lulu Tang, Xuancheng Zhang, Lei Fan, Hao Li, Chen Wei, Tonghua Su, and Baorui Ma · 2026
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Latent action reparameterization for efficient agent inference
Qingwen Zeng, Wenhao Huang, Zerui Xu, Zijie Guo, Yu Sun, Cheng Yang, Siru Ouyang, Jiri Gesi, Fang Wu, Jiayi Zhang, et al · 2026
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Reasoning while recommending: Entropy-guided latent reasoning in generative re-ranking models
Changshuo Zhang · 2026
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PILOT: planning via internalized latent optimization trajectories for large language models
Haoyu Zheng, Yun Zhu, Yuqian Yuan, Bo Yuan, Wenqiao Zhang, Siliang Tang, and Jun Xiao · 2026
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Beyond imitation: Reinforcement learning for active latent planning
Zhi Zheng and Wee Sun Lee · 2026
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Colt: Reasoning with chain of latent tool calls
Fangwei Zhu and Zhifang Sui · 2026
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The geometric reasoner: Manifold-informed latent foresight search for long-context reasoning
Ren Zhuang, Ben Wang, and Shuifa Sun · 2026
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Capabilities and fundamental limits of latent chain-of-thought
Jiaxuan Zou, Yaozhong Xiong, and Yong Liu · 2026
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