RoboChallenge: Large-scale Real-robot Evaluation of Embodied Policies

Calvin: A benchmark for language-conditioned policy learning for long-horizon robot manipulation tasks

Oier Mees, Lukas Hermann, Erick Rosete-Beas, and Wolfram Burgard · 2022

Earlier work this paper cites.

Libero: Benchmarking knowledge transfer for lifelong robot learning

Bo Liu, Yifeng Zhu, Chongkai Gao, Yihao Feng, Qiang Liu, Yuke Zhu, and Peter Stone · 2023

Earlier work this paper cites.

Rt-2: Vision-language-action models transfer web knowledge to robotic control

Brianna Zitkovich, Tianhe Yu, Sichun Xu, Peng Xu, Ted Xiao, Fei Xia, Jialin Wu, Paul Wohlhart, Stefan Welker, Ayzaan Wahid, et al · 2023

Earlier work this paper cites.

π 0 \pi_{0} : A vision-language-action flow model for general robot control

Original

Kevin Black, Noah Brown, Danny Driess, Adnan Esmail, Michael Equi, Chelsea Finn, Niccolo Fusai, Lachy Groom, Karol Hausman, Brian Ichter, et al · 2024

Earlier work this paper cites.

Mobile aloha: Learning bimanual mobile manipulation with low-cost whole-body teleoperation

Original

Zipeng Fu, Tony Z Zhao, and Chelsea Finn · 2024

Cited alongside, same era.

Openvla: An open-source vision-language-action model

Original

Moo Jin Kim, Karl Pertsch, Siddharth Karamcheti, Ted Xiao, Ashwin Balakrishna, Suraj Nair, Rafael Rafailov, Ethan Foster, Grace Lam, Pannag Sanketi, et al · 2024

Cited alongside, same era.

Roboarena: Distributed real-world evaluation of generalist robot policies

Original

Pranav Atreya, Karl Pertsch, Tony Lee, Moo Jin Kim, Arhan Jain, Artur Kuramshin, Clemens Eppner, Cyrus Neary, Edward Hu, Fabio Ramos, et al · 2025

Cited alongside, same era.

Real-time execution of action chunking flow policies

Original

Kevin Black, Manuel Y Galliker, and Sergey Levine · 2025

Cited alongside, same era.

Cogact: A foundational vision-language-action model for synergizing cognition and action in robotic manipulation

Original

Qixiu Li, Yaobo Liang, Zeyu Wang, Lin Luo, Xi Chen, Mozheng Liao, Fangyun Wei, Yu Deng, Sicheng Xu, Yizhong Zhang, et al

Cited in the paper.

Evaluating real-world robot manipulation policies in simulation

Original

Xuanlin Li, Kyle Hsu, Jiayuan Gu, Karl Pertsch, Oier Mees, Homer Rich Walke, Chuyuan Fu, Ishikaa Lunawat, Isabel Sieh, Sean Kirmani, Sergey Levine, Jiajun Wu, Chelsea Finn, Hao Su, Quan Vuong, and Ted Xiao

Cited in the paper.

π 0.5 \pi_{0.5} : a vision-language-action model with open-world generalization

Original

Physical Intelligence, Kevin Black, Noah Brown, James Darpinian, Karan Dhabalia, Danny Driess, Adnan Esmail, Michael Equi, Chelsea Finn, Niccolo Fusai, et al · 2025

Closest in time.

Fine-tuning vision-language-action models: Optimizing speed and success

Original

Moo Jin Kim, Chelsea Finn, and Percy Liang · 2025

Closest in time.

Robotwin: Dual-arm robot benchmark with generative digital twins

Yao Mu, Tianxing Chen, Zanxin Chen, Shijia Peng, Zhiqian Lan, Zeyu Gao, Zhixuan Liang, Qiaojun Yu, Yude Zou, Mingkun Xu, et al · 2025

Closest in time.

Autoeval: Autonomous evaluation of generalist robot manipulation policies in the real world

Original

Zhiyuan Zhou, Pranav Atreya, You Liang Tan, Karl Pertsch, and Sergey Levine · 2025

Closest in time.